Liquid-crystal-based tunable high-Q directional random laser from a planar random microcavity

Temperature-tunable directional laser emission from a dye-doped liquid-crystal-based planar random cavity laser is presented. The optically pumped nematic liquid crystal infiltrated planar random microcavity produces an ultranarrow linewidth (0.03 nm, corresponding to Q>20,000), highly directional (1.4 degrees divergence angle) laser emission. By increasing the temperature from 27 degrees C to 34 degrees C, the wavelength of an emitted polarized laser can be tuned between 605.8 and 608.5 (ordinary light) and 631.3 and 624.9 nm (extraordinary light). A simulation result from the transfer matrix method that matches the experimental results well is also presented.     

Carrier-envelope phase measurement using a non phase stable laser

We demonstrate that the phase between the carrier and the pulse envelope of a few-cycle laser pulse can be retrieved from non phase stable laser systems, provided that such laser pulses are about 5 fs long and the repetition rate is in the order of 1 kHz. Our approach is based on online determination of the phase using f-2f interferometry. By a comparison of the self referencing interferometric signal with the photoelectron current emitted into a 7 degree solid angle parallel to the laser polarization, we obtain the absolute value of the carrier envelope phase. This is provided that a Coulomb correction for electron energies below 10 eV can be correctly taken into account. PACS 42.50.Hz; 42.65.Re; 32.80.Rm     

脉冲激光探测平面目标特性对测距分布的影响

针对脉冲激光近程探测系统平面目标特性影响测距分布的问题,推导了平面目标脉冲响应方程和脉冲激光回波方程,分析了不同平面目标倾斜角、激光发射发散角和激光发射脉宽对激光回波展宽的影响.基于脉冲激光回波方程和恒阈值时刻鉴别方法,推导了平面目标的测距概率密度函数解析式,并理论仿真分析了不同平面目标倾斜角、激光发射功率、激光发射发散角及阈噪比对测距统计特性分布的影响.运用蒙特卡罗算法进行全波形模拟测距实验;搭建脉冲激光测距实验环境,进行20 m测距实验.实验结果表明:理论仿真、蒙特卡罗模拟实验与实际实验的测距概率密度分布基本一致,随着平面目标倾斜角的增大,测距均值和测距方差增大;当倾斜角度为0°,20°,40°,60°时,回波信噪比高于阈噪比,测距分布呈现高斯分布;当倾斜角度为70°时,回波信噪比低于阈噪比,分布不再呈现高斯分布,呈现上升沿缓下降沿陡的分布特性.研究结果为研究目标平面特性对脉冲激光探测测距分布的影响提供了理论依据.     

玻璃在线激光测厚误差的透反互补抑制

为了抑制激光在线测厚时入射角波动引起的误差,根据几何光学分析了激光透射式和反射式测厚原理,发现激光在特定入射角附近波动时,两种方式的测厚误差一正一负,具有互补性,在此基础上提出基于透射和反射同时测量的互补式测厚方法,该方法可将误差限定在透射式和反射式测量误差之间,抑制在线测厚误差.对于有机玻璃平板,理论计算表明,当激光入射角在67.013°±4°波动时,相对误差绝对值在1%以内,误差抑制率均值大于90%;当入射角为61.536°时,误差抑制率为100%.利用线结构激光器和两个线阵CCD相机搭建互补式测厚实验系统,测量了标称厚度为1~5mm的有机玻璃平板,与透射式和反射式测厚结果进行对照,除厚度为1mm的玻璃外,互补式测厚误差被限制在透射式和反射式之间,最大误差抑制率达61%.实验结果表明,该互补式方法有效抑制了误差,提高了在线厚度测量准确度,解决了在线测量不可重复性导致的无法通过均值法减小误差的问题.     

辅助光斑对10μm半径级小尺度自聚引发谐波辐射的作用

本文的最新实验表明,单个10μm半径级的激光斑在预形成的激光等离子体中不能有效激励90°侧向3ω₀/2谐波发射。但配合同样尺寸的辅助光斑,在满足一定位置和角度条件下却容易引发这种发射。使用双等离振子衰变理论,结合动态自聚细丝模型分析了这一现象的起因。     

强激光束与空腔靶相互作用实验研究

1.06μm波长的强激光束辐照Au材料制作的空腔靶,采用目前国内最先进的诊断设备。对腔内高温等离子体现象演变规律进行了实验观察,获得了反射激光、能量吸收、X光转换、亚千X光能谱及时空特性、辐射温度、超热电子等重要物理信息,并就实验结果作了必要的分析和讨论     

Experimental characterization of bi-directional terahertz emission from gold-coated nanogratings

The THz radiation emission of Au-coated nanogratings (fused silica substrate, 30?nm Au layer thickness, 500?nm grating constant) upon fs laser irradiation (785?nm, 150?fs, 1?kHz,???1?mJ/pulse) is observed in both directions along the laser beam axis (forward and backward) and for both, illumination of the Au/air or the Au/silica interface. THz radiation along the laser beam propagation is emitted in a narrow solid angle of about 15°?fwhm independent on the laser pulse fluence, the angle of incidence and the nanograting profile. The bar width and groove depth of the nanograting as well as the angle of laser beam incidence strongly affect the THz radiation yield. The energy of single THz light pulses is measured absolutely (2?fJ in the 0.3?C0.38?THz range) using a highly sensitive and fast superconducting transition edge sensor. The bi-directional emission of THz radiation is in agreement with the model assumption of surface plasmon polaritons propagating simultaneously on both Au layer interfaces (Au/air and Au/silica).     

激光测距机发射光学系统透射特性研究

为分析激光测距机发射光学系统透射特性对测距性能的影响,利用光线追迹公式和部分偏振光理论,得出了激光测距机发射光学系统透射率的定量解析式。针对发射光学系统特例,定量分析了其透射率与入射激光束偏振参量和几何光学参量间的关系。结果表明：随着入射角增加,激光束偏振参量对发射光学系统透射特性将产生较明显影响,当激光器发射的激光脉冲是随机的部分偏振光时将引起测距机发射激光脉冲能量的随机变化。     

The correlation between frequency difference and mode polarization in an intracavity birefringent dual-frequency laser

We discuss the correlations between the measured lasing-mode frequency difference and the mode polarization angle in an intracavity birefringent dual-frequency laser. The frequency difference and polarization are adjusted by rotating an intracavity quartz crystal through a large angular range. We propose two kinds of frequency difference: the equal-order frequency difference and the adjacent frequency difference. By measuring the equal-order frequency difference versus the quartz crystal rotation angle, the real physical process behind frequency splitting is revealed. Based on this, the adjacent frequency difference curve is also obtained. The emitted laser beam polarization angle is also measured for large rotations of the intracavity quartz crystal. These measurements reveal the complete process of optical activity in frequency splitting and allow us to predict the trends of frequency difference and polarization angle for large quartz crystal rotation angles. We analyze the correlations between the equal-order frequency difference and the polarization angle based on the experimental results, which show that the certain points on the two curves are inter-related. The principal results agree well with the optical theory of crystals.     

Total second harmonic emission from a laser produced plasma

The total and specular light emitted at 2ω by a laser produced plasma (τ = 30 ps, λ = 1 μm) have been measured versus intensity (10¹²-10¹⁴ W/cm²), polarization and angle of incidence of the laser beam. The possibility for second harmonic to arise from resonant absorption, through a rippled critical surface, or from parametric decay instability is discussed.     

Study of terahertz radiation generated by optical rectification on thin gold films

Emission of terahertz (THz) radiation as a result of optical rectification of intense femtosecond laser pulses on thin gold films has been studied by time-domain THz spectroscopy. The THz amplitude was measured as a function of film thickness and incidence angle. The experiments reveal that the emitted THz field is suppressed for a thickness below 100 nm, which gives evidence of the nonlocal character of the response. The variation of incidence angle allows us to estimate the components of susceptibility tensor chi2ijk. For thicker films and near grazing incidence, the emitted THz field attains a peak value of 4 kV/cm.     

Characteristics of Multi-Beam Module Using Waveguides for Laser Scanning Optical Systems

A multi-beam module using optical waveguides has been studied for a laser scanning optical system. Laser diodes with a wavelength of 780 nm are assembled on a silicon substrate. The beams emitted from the laser diodes are directly coupled into waveguides. This multi-beam module is assembled on a metal substrate with a photodiode. The photodiode controls the power of each laser diode on the silicon substrate. The multi-beam module is able to increase the output speed of high-density image printings, and the speed for high-speed color printings. We have developed the four-beam module with beam divergence angles of 11 degrees and spatial beam interval of 24 μm. Additional heat sink and optimizing tip-bonding between the laser diode and solder pad on the silicon substrate is useful to stabilize laser power against rising temperature.     

Effective suppression of beam divergence for a high-power laser diode bar by an external-cavity technique

We describe effective suppression of beam divergence for a high-power laser diode bar by use of an external-cavity technique. Nineteen off-axis external-cavity laser diodes of the high-power laser diode are formed by feedback with a stripe mirror. At three times the threshold current, the diverging angle (1/e2) of the external-cavity laser diode bar is reduced to 1.5 degrees from 6.6 degrees (free running) with 14.1-W peak output power and 70.4% of the radiated power of the free-running state without the external cavity. This technique effectively improves the beam quality of the high-power laser diode bar.     

Automatic continuous scanning and random-access switching of mid-infrared waves generated by difference-frequency mixing

We report the rapid tuning of mid-infrared waves beyond 5 microm emitted in difference-frequency mixing with an electronically tuned dual-wavelength Ti:Al2O3 laser used as a pumping source. Simultaneous rapid tuning of the dual wavelengths, which satisfy phase matching in AgGaS2, allows rapid random access switching and continuous tuning of mid-infrared wavelengths. In random-access switching, the mid-infrared wavelength is tuned every pulse shot at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Mid-infrared wavelengths continuously tuned from 5.2 to 7.2 microm, from 7.0 to 9.1 microm, and from 8.9 to 12.0 microm are achieved at phase-matched angles of 55 degrees, 50 degrees, and 45 degrees, respectively.     

利用可变光阑实现双轴晶体动态外锥折射

介绍了一种获得晶体动态外锥折射的方法.用全固态绿光激光器和双轴晶体kNbO_3,通过改变位于已消球差的双胶合透镜后表面处可变光阑的通光孔径,即改变入射光束的会聚角度,来实现入射光会聚角对外锥折射锥角的调制,由此得出双轴晶体kNbO_3外锥折射的锥角表达式.实验结果表明,周期性改变孔径光阑通光孔径的大小(入射光束的会聚角度)时,外锥折射锥角也同步地发生周期性的改变;外锥折射锥角等于入射于双轴晶体端面上的光线的会聚角.利用可变光阑可实现双轴晶体动态外锥折射并获得可控激光环,实验所测锥角角度与理论计算符合较好.     

The transition between quasi elastic and completely damped collisions studied in the40Ar (280 MeV)+58Ni reaction

A careful exploration of the angular distribution for the products emitted mainly below the grazing angle shows the continuous evolution from Q.E. to completely damped collisions. The relative relaxation time of the collective degrees of freedom is considered.     

Correlations of projectile-like fragments in heavy-ion reactions at Fermi energy

Correlations between pairs of projectile-like fragments, emitted by the system ¹⁶O$ + $¹⁹⁷Au at the laboratory bombarding energy of 515MeV, have been studied under two stipulated conditions: 1) at least one member of the pair is emitted at an angle less than the grazing angle for the system, 2) both the members of the pair are emitted at angles larger than the grazing angle. A surprisingly large difference, by more than an order of magnitude, is found between the correlations for the two cases. This observation could be explained on the basis of a simple semi-classical break-up model. Further analysis of the variation of the charge correlation function with the difference in the nuclear charges of the correlated pair showed trends which are consistent with an “inelastic break-up process”, in which the projectile breaks up at the radius of contact, in such a way that, one fragment (preferably the lighter) is emitted to one side within the grazing angle, while the other orbits around the target nucleus for a while and emerges on the other side, at a negative scattering angle, much like in a deep inelastic scattering.     

Light intensity distribution of a new type of contact laser scalpel

The emergent light distribution of a new type of contact laser scalpel is measured in three different states using a light sensor. The relationship between the angle and the light intensity is analyzed. The results show that the strongest light is emitted from two sides and the front of the scalpel. The light from the front mainly plays a role of cutting. The light from two sides contributes to stanch the wound so as to remain a clear visual field during the surgery. It also helps to increase the cutting efficiency.     

太赫兹波光谱特性分析

目前太赫兹技术的研究主要集中在它的产生、探测机理研究上。由于太赫兹波处于微波和可见光之间的频率范围,已有的微波和光波理论是否能适用于太赫兹波或者具有某些共同的特性仍需实验验证。通过实验分析验证了太赫兹波在空气介质中在垂直于传播方向的平面内场振幅是服从高斯函数分布的,测量给出了太赫兹波的能量分布图。根据测试数据推导出太赫兹波在空气介质中能量衰减公式,利用法布里-珀罗(F-P)干涉仪原理设计出太赫兹波长仪,对美国Corehent公司SIFIR-50THz太赫兹激光器发射的1～3THz波长进行了测量。讨论分析了远场发射角、光束入射角度、机械振动、温度波动和折射率n波动等相关因素对测量精度的影响。     

Spatial distribution of high-energy electron emission from water plasmas produced by femtosecond laser pulses

High energy electrons emitted by water plasmas produced by a single or a multiple laser pulse are investigated. The multipulse mode greatly enhances the generation and the temperature of hot electrons. Directional emission of high energy electrons over 25 keV is observed in two symmetric directions with respect to the laser axis and at 46 degrees from the directions of the laser electric field. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations reproduce well the experimental results and indicate that the acceleration mechanism of the high energy electrons is due mainly to the resonance absorption at the edge of the spherical droplets formed by the leading pulse.