On one-relator products induced by generalized triangle groups I

In this paper and a sequel, we study a group which is the quotient of a free product of groups by the normal closure of a single word that is contained in a subgroup which has the form of a free product of two cyclic groups. We use known properties of generalized triangle groups, together with detailed analysis of pictures and of words in free monoids, to prove a number of results such as a Freiheitssatz and the existence of Mayer-Vietoris sequences for such groups under suitable hypotheses. The results generalize those in an earlier article of the second author and Shwartz.     

The residual finiteness of positive one-relator groups

It is proven that every positive one-relator group which satisfies the condition has a finite index subgroup which splits as a free product of two free groups amalgamating a finitely generated malnormal subgroup. As a consequence, it is shown that every positive one-relator group is residually finite. It is shown that positive one-relator groups are generically and hence generically residually finite. A new method is given for recognizing malnormal subgroups of free groups. This method employs a 'small cancellation theory' for maps between graphs. Received: August 4, 2000     

On the type of triangle groups

We prove a conjecture of R. Schwartz about the type of some complex hyperbolic triangle groups.      

Free subgroups of one-relator relative presentations

Suppose that G is a non-trivial torsion-free group and w is a word over the alphabet G ⋃ {x ₁ ^±1 ,⋯,x _n ^±1 }. It is proved that, for n ⩾ 2, the group always contains a non-Abelian free subgroup. For n = 1, the question whether there exist non-Abelian free subgroups in is amply settled for the unimodular case (i.e., where the exponent sum of x₁ in w is one). Some generalizations of these results are discussed. Supported by RFBR grant No. 05-01-00895. __________ Translated from Algebra i Logika, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 290–298, May–June, 2007.     

Subgroup separability of certain generalized free products of nilpotent-by-finite groups

In this paper, we show that certain generalized free products of nilpotent-by-finite groups are subgroup separable when the amalgamated subgroup is h× D where D is in the center of both factors.     

A note on “Some inequalities in inner product spaces related to the generalized triangle inequality” by S.S. Dragomir et al.

In this note, we present an affirmative answer to a question presented in the paper “Some inequalities in inner product spaces related to the generalized triangle inequality” by S.S. Dragomir et al. [Appl. Math. Comput. 217 (18) (2011) 7462-7468].     

Refinements of generalized triangle inequalities

In this paper, we discuss refinements of the well-known triangle inequality and it is reverse inequality for strongly integrable functions with values in a Banach space X. We also discuss refinement of a generalized triangle inequality of the second kind for Lp functions. For both cases, the attainability of the equality is also investigated.     

On coherence of graph products of groups and Coxeter groups

Graph products of groups and Coxeter groups are defined via vertex-edge-labeled graphs. We show that if the graph has a special shape, then the corresponding group is coherent, i.e. every finitely generated subgroup is finitely presented.     

On the generalized triangle inequality for quasimetrics induced by noncommuting vector fields

For a sufficiently wide class of r-smooth basis vector fields, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for some anisotropic metric functions induced by these vector fields to be quasimetrics. These results are applied to the problem of the existence of a nilpotent tangent cone at a distinguished point.     

On generalized hankel operators induced by sums and products

Vectorial Hankel operators are studied, in particular the ranges of Hankel operators induced by sums and products of matrix functions defined on the unit circle are determined. The analytical tools involve factorization theorems for operator valued analytic functions and the spectral analysis of operators that intertwine restricted shifts.     

Uniform boundary Harnack principle and generalized triangle property

Let D be a bounded open subset in R^d, d?2, and let G denote the Green function for D with respect to (-Δ)^α/2, 0<α?2, α<d. If α<2, assume that D satisfies the interior corkscrew condition; if α=2, i.e., if G is the classical Green function on D, assume—more restrictively—that D is a uniform domain. Let g=G(·,y₀)∧1 for some y₀∈D. Based on the uniform boundary Harnack principle, it is shown that G has the generalized triangle property which states that when d(z,x)?d(z,y). An intermediate step is the approximation G(x,y)≈|x-y|^α-dg(x)g(y)/g(A)², where A is an arbitrary point in a certain set B(x,y).This is discussed in a general setting where D is a dense open subset of a compact metric space satisfying the interior corkscrew condition and G is a quasi-symmetric positive numerical function on D×D which has locally polynomial decay and satisfies Harnack's inequality. Under these assumptions, the uniform boundary Harnack principle, the approximation for G, and the generalized triangle property turn out to be equivalent.     

On locally free Abelian groups

The following result is proved in the paper. An Abelian group A is Lw₁, w-equivalent to the free Abelian group of countable rank if and only if it is a countably free Abelian group.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, vol. 77, no. 1, 2005, pp. 121–126.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by E. G. Sklyarenko.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected issue number.     

The periodic groups saturated by finitely many finite simple groups

Denote by $\mathfrak{M}$ the set whose elements are the simple 3-dimensional unitary groups U ₃(q) and the linear groups L ₃(q) over finite fields. We prove that every periodic group, saturated by the groups of a finite subset of $\mathfrak{M}$ , is finite.     

Domination of generalized Cartesian products

The generalized prism πG of G is the graph consisting of two copies of G, with edges between the copies determined by a permutation π acting on the vertices of G. We define a generalized Cartesian product that corresponds to the Cartesian product when π is the identity, and the generalized prism when H is the graph K₂. Burger, Mynhardt and Weakley [A.P. Burger, C.M. Mynhardt, W.D. Weakley, On the domination number of prisms of graphs, Discuss. Math. Graph Theory 24 (2) (2004) 303-318.] characterized universal doublers, i.e. graphs for which γ(πG)=2γ(G) for any π. In general for any n≥2 and permutation π, and a graph attaining equality in this upper bound for all π is called a universal multiplier. We characterize such graphs.     

Characterization of generalized Chernikov groups among groups with involutions

The class of generalized Chernikov groups is characterized, i.e., the class of periodic locally solvable groups with the primary ascending chain condition. The name of the class is related to the fact that the structure of such groups is close to that of Chernikov groups. Namely, a Chernikov group is defined as a finite extension of a direct product of finitely many quasi-cyclic groups, and a generalized Chernikov group is a layer-finite extension of a direct productA of quasi-cyclicp-groups with finitely many factors for each primep such that each of its elements does not commute elementwise with only finitely many Sylow subgroups ofA. A theorem that characterizes the generalized Chernikov groups in the class of groups with involution is proved. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 62, No 4, pp. 577–587, October, 1997. Translated by A. I. Shtern     

On the direct product of fuzzy topological groups

The connections between some countability properties of a topological space (X, $\text{T}$) and its generated fuzzy topological space (X, ω($\text{T}$)) are investigated.     

Primitive flag-transitive generalized hexagons and octagons

Suppose that an automorphism group G acts flag-transitively on a finite generalized hexagon or octagon S, and suppose that the action on both the point and line set is primitive. We show that G is an almost simple group of Lie type, that is, the socle of G is a simple Chevalley group.