On one-relator products induced by generalized triangle groups I

In this paper and a sequel, we study a group which is the quotient of a free product of groups by the normal closure of a single word that is contained in a subgroup which has the form of a free product of two cyclic groups. We use known properties of generalized triangle groups, together with detailed analysis of pictures and of words in free monoids, to prove a number of results such as a Freiheitssatz and the existence of Mayer-Vietoris sequences for such groups under suitable hypotheses. The results generalize those in an earlier article of the second author and Shwartz.     

Residually nilpotent one-relator groups with nontrivial centre

We determine explicitly the residually nilpotent one-relator groups with nontrivial centre. We show also that, if is a one-relator group, then is residually nilpotent if, and only if, its central quotient is residually nilpotent.

     

Root extraction in one-relator groups and slenderness

In this note we strengthen a result of Newman and use it to prove a conjecture of Nakamura stated in [10 Nakamura, J. (2015). Atomic properties of the Hawaiian earring group for HNN extensions. Commun. Algebra 43:4138–4147.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] that torsion-free one-relator groups are noncommutatively slender.     

The residual finiteness of positive one-relator groups

It is proven that every positive one-relator group which satisfies the condition has a finite index subgroup which splits as a free product of two free groups amalgamating a finitely generated malnormal subgroup. As a consequence, it is shown that every positive one-relator group is residually finite. It is shown that positive one-relator groups are generically and hence generically residually finite. A new method is given for recognizing malnormal subgroups of free groups. This method employs a 'small cancellation theory' for maps between graphs. Received: August 4, 2000     

On the type of triangle groups

We prove a conjecture of R. Schwartz about the type of some complex hyperbolic triangle groups.      

On the residual finiteness and other properties of (relative) one-relator groups

A relative one-relator presentation has the form where is a set, is a group, and is a word on . We show that if the word on obtained from by deleting all the terms from has what we call the unique max-min property, then the group defined by is residually finite if and only if is residually finite (Theorem 1). We apply this to obtain new results concerning the residual finiteness of (ordinary) one-relator groups (Theorem 4). We also obtain results concerning the conjugacy problem for one-relator groups (Theorem 5), and results concerning the relative asphericity of presentations of the form (Theorem 6).

     

Free subgroups of one-relator relative presentations

Suppose that G is a non-trivial torsion-free group and w is a word over the alphabet G ⋃ {x ₁ ^±1 ,⋯,x _n ^±1 }. It is proved that, for n ⩾ 2, the group always contains a non-Abelian free subgroup. For n = 1, the question whether there exist non-Abelian free subgroups in is amply settled for the unimodular case (i.e., where the exponent sum of x₁ in w is one). Some generalizations of these results are discussed. Supported by RFBR grant No. 05-01-00895. __________ Translated from Algebra i Logika, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 290–298, May–June, 2007.     

Subgroup separability of certain generalized free products of nilpotent-by-finite groups

In this paper, we show that certain generalized free products of nilpotent-by-finite groups are subgroup separable when the amalgamated subgroup is h× D where D is in the center of both factors.     

On distance-regular Cayley graphs of generalized dicyclic groups

Let G be a generalized dicyclic group with identity 1. An inverse closed subset S of $G?\{1\}$ is called minimal if $〈S〉=G$ and there exists some $s\in S$ such that $〈S?\{s,s^{?1}\}〉\ne G$. In this paper, we characterize distance-regular Cayley graphs $\mathrm{Cay}(G,S)$ of G under the condition that S is minimal.     

On permutation representations of polyhedral groups

We answer affirmatively the following question of Derek Holt: Given integers , can one, in a simple manner, find a finite set and permutations such that has order , has order and has order ? The method of proof enables us to prove more general results (Theorems 2 and 3).

     

A note on “Some inequalities in inner product spaces related to the generalized triangle inequality” by S.S. Dragomir et al.

In this note, we present an affirmative answer to a question presented in the paper “Some inequalities in inner product spaces related to the generalized triangle inequality” by S.S. Dragomir et al. [Appl. Math. Comput. 217 (18) (2011) 7462-7468].     

Refinements of generalized triangle inequalities

In this paper, we discuss refinements of the well-known triangle inequality and it is reverse inequality for strongly integrable functions with values in a Banach space X. We also discuss refinement of a generalized triangle inequality of the second kind for Lp functions. For both cases, the attainability of the equality is also investigated.     

On coherence of graph products of groups and Coxeter groups

Graph products of groups and Coxeter groups are defined via vertex-edge-labeled graphs. We show that if the graph has a special shape, then the corresponding group is coherent, i.e. every finitely generated subgroup is finitely presented.     

On generalized fibonacci groups with an odd number of generators

The geometrical properties of cyclically presented groups of Fibonacci type F(r,m, k)and H(r,m,k)are discussed. It is shown that for even rand odd m some infinite family of generalized Fibonacci groups F(r, m, k)cannot be fundamental groups of hyperbolic 3-orbifolds of finite volume.     

The normalizer property of integral group rings of semidirect products of finite 2-closed groups by rational groups

Let G = N?Q be a semidirect product of a finite 2-closed group N by a rational group Q. It is shown that under some conditions the normalizer property holds for G.     

On the generalized triangle inequality for quasimetrics induced by noncommuting vector fields

For a sufficiently wide class of r-smooth basis vector fields, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for some anisotropic metric functions induced by these vector fields to be quasimetrics. These results are applied to the problem of the existence of a nilpotent tangent cone at a distinguished point.     

On quasi-isometric embeddings of Lamplighter groups

We denote by the Lamplighter group of a finite group . In this article, we show that if and are two finite groups with at least two elements, then there exists a quasi-isometric embedding from to . We also prove that the quasi-isometry group of contains all finite groups. We then show that the group of automorphisms of has infinite index in .

     

On generalized hankel operators induced by sums and products

Vectorial Hankel operators are studied, in particular the ranges of Hankel operators induced by sums and products of matrix functions defined on the unit circle are determined. The analytical tools involve factorization theorems for operator valued analytic functions and the spectral analysis of operators that intertwine restricted shifts.     

Uniform boundary Harnack principle and generalized triangle property

Let D be a bounded open subset in R^d, d?2, and let G denote the Green function for D with respect to (-Δ)^α/2, 0<α?2, α<d. If α<2, assume that D satisfies the interior corkscrew condition; if α=2, i.e., if G is the classical Green function on D, assume—more restrictively—that D is a uniform domain. Let g=G(·,y₀)∧1 for some y₀∈D. Based on the uniform boundary Harnack principle, it is shown that G has the generalized triangle property which states that when d(z,x)?d(z,y). An intermediate step is the approximation G(x,y)≈|x-y|^α-dg(x)g(y)/g(A)², where A is an arbitrary point in a certain set B(x,y).This is discussed in a general setting where D is a dense open subset of a compact metric space satisfying the interior corkscrew condition and G is a quasi-symmetric positive numerical function on D×D which has locally polynomial decay and satisfies Harnack's inequality. Under these assumptions, the uniform boundary Harnack principle, the approximation for G, and the generalized triangle property turn out to be equivalent.