白皮杉醇PIC与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

采用M05-2X/6-311++G(d,p)水平对白皮杉醇PIC清除OH自由基的气相反应机理进行了研究,并采用极化连续介质模型考察了极性溶剂对该反应机理的影响.结果表明,在气相和水溶液中OH自由基的抽氢反应均最易发生在B环的C4'OH位的酚羟基上,加成反应优先在乙烯双键和C4'原子上进行.在298 K的气相条件下,抽氢与加成反应主通道总速率常数kCVT/SCTTotal分别为5.46×1015和2.72×1014L·mol-1·s-1,抽氢反应为优势通道,且抽氢与加成反应均具有负温度效应.     

Cl原子与CH3COCH2Cl反应动力学的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上优化了Cl原子与CH3COCH2Cl反应的各驻点的几何构型,并在相同水平上通过频率计算和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析对过渡态的结构和反应物、产物的连接性进行了验证。采用高精确模型G3MP2方法进行单点能计算,构建了反应的势能剖面。计算结果表明,标题反应有抽氢反应、加成-消除反应、取代反应3种反应机理6条反应通道。利用经典过渡态理论(TST)和正则变分过渡态理论(CVT)计算了各反应通道在200~2000 K温度范围内的速率常数,并用小区率隧道效应模型(SCT)对抽氢反应进行校正。计算结果显示,反应有一定的变分效应,计算的总反应速率常数与文献报道的实验值符合得较好,速率常数的三参数表达式为k=2.33×10-19T2.54exp(567.07/T)cm3·mol-1·s-1。     

Cl原子与CH_3COCH_2Cl反应的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上优化了Cl原子与CH3COCH2Cl反应的各驻点的几何构型,并在相同水平上通过频率计算和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析对过渡态的结构和反应物、产物的连接性进行了验证。采用高精确模型G3MP2方法进行单点能计算,构建了反应的势能剖面。计算结果表明,标题反应有抽氢反应、加成-消除反应、取代反应3种反应机理6条反应通道。利用经典过渡态理论(TST)和正则变分过渡态理论(CVT)计算了各反应通道在200~2000 K温度范围内的速率常数,并用小区率隧道效应模型(SCT)对抽氢反应进行校正。计算结果显示,反应有一定的变分效应,计算的总反应速率常数与文献报道的实验值符合得较好,速率常数的三参数表达式为k=2.33×10-19T2.54exp(567.07/T)cm3·mol-1·s-1。     

CH4-nFn(n=1～3)与CH3氢抽提反应微观动力学的理论研究

采用量子化学的QCISD(T)/6-311 G(d,p)//BHandHLYP/6-311G(d,p)方法研究了氟代甲烷CH4-nFn(n=1~3)与CH3自由基氢抽提反应的微观动力学性质.并利用Polyrate程序分别计算了3个反应在200~3000K范围内的速率常数.计算结果表明,R1a,R2a和R3三个反应路径的反应能量分别为-12.7,-9.5和11.8kJ/mol,相应的能垒依次为67.0,62.2和67.5kJ/mol.在437K时,kCVT/SCT分别为6.72×10-19,8.01×10-18和8.82×10-20cm3/(molecule.s).计算结果还表明,在低温段反应的量子隧道效应显著,在计算温度范围内变分效应对反应速率常数的影响可以忽略.     

CF3CH2CF2CH3（HFC-365mfc）与Cl原子反应的微观机理及动力学性质

采用密度泛函理论方法 M06-2X结合6-31+G(d,p)基组研究了CF3CH2CF2CH3与Cl原子反应的反应机理.计算获得了CF3CH2CF2CH3的两种可区分的稳定几何构象RC1和RC2以及与它们相对应的8条氢提取反应通道和2条取代反应通道.运用改进的正则变分过渡态理论(ICVT)并结合小曲率隧道效应校正(SCT),在M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p)水平上计算了各氢提取通道的速率常数,并由Boltzmann配分函数得到总包反应的速率常数kT(cm3.molecule-1.s-1).计算结果表明,体系的总反应速率常数与已有实验值相吻合,进而给出了该反应在200～1000 K温度区间内反应速率常数kT的三参数表达式kT=1.88×10-22T3.76.exp(-1780.69/T),并讨论了两种构象RC1和RC2对总反应的贡献及各构象中氢提取发生在—CH3或—CH2—基团上的位置选择性.此外,由于缺少相关反应物及产物自由基标准生成焓ΔHf,298 K的数据,利用等化学键法估算了在上述物种的标准生成焓.     

单脉冲激波管中1,2-二氯乙烷的热裂解

在单脉冲激波管上,研究了1,2-二氯乙烷的热裂解.实验的激波条件为:温度区间1020 K＜T＜1190 K, 压力: P=0.12 MPa,实验时间τ=0.5 ms;实验气体为1,2-二氯乙烷稀释于Ar气中(3.95 mmol/L).以4-甲基-1-环己烯作为对比速率法实验的内标物,用4-甲基-1-环己烯开环反应的速率常数k=1015.3exp(-33400/T) s-1,以及从其产物的浓度推定出实验温度.经激波加热后的实验气体的终产物用气相色谱分析出主要成分为C2H3Cl,指示出主要反应通道为β消去反应.如把所有产物C2H3Cl都归于β消去反应,则可推定出表观之反应速率常数k1a=5.0×1013exp(-30000/T) s-1.对于由C-Cl键断键反应引发的链反应的可能影响做了分析研究.用了一种简便分析可推知在实验的温度范围内的低端(1020 K)链反应的影响可以忽略,而在其高端(1190 K)链反应将给出10%的终产物C2H3Cl的附加浓度,获得真实的β消去反应速率常数则必须把这部分予以扣除.经过这样的校正之后,最后得到CH2ClCH2Clβ消去反应速率常数为k1c=2.3×1013exp(-29200/T) s-1.     

C_2(a~3П_u)自由基与含硫小分子反应的温度效应

运用脉冲激光光解-激光诱导荧光(PLP-LIF)的方法在298-673 K的温度范围内测量了C2(a3Пu)自由基与含硫小分子(H2S,SO2,CS2)气相反应的双分子反应速率常数.获得的速率常数可以用Arrhenius公式表达如下(单位:cm3·molecule-1·s-1):k(H2S)=(1.61±0.06)×10-12exp[-(180.91±15.73)/T],k(SO2)=(1.26±0.10)×10-15×exp[(2230.68±27.77)/T],k(CS2)=(1.17±0.02)×10-10exp[(253.31±7.69)/T];误差为2σ.由获得的双分子速率常数及所表现的正温度效应,认为C2(a3Пu)与H2S反应遵循抽氢反应机理;C2(a3Пu)与SO2反应是无能垒的过程,反应速率表现出强的负温度依赖关系;根据较大的双分子速率常数及其呈现的负温度效应我们认为,C2(a3Пu)与CS2反应遵循加成反应机理.     

停止-流动分光光度法研究铕(II)与二甲酚橙快速电子转移反应动力学

用停止-流动分光光度法研究了Eu~(2+)与二甲酚橙(XO)间快速电子转移反应的动力学规律。求得了速控步骤的动力学参数。如反应级数(n=2)、几个不同温度下的速率常数(k_(278 K)=5.7×10~8 L·mol~-·s~(-1), k_(s38 K)=1.01×10~9 L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1))、活化能(E=7.6×10~3 J·mol~(-1)), 以及指前因子(A=1.5×10~(10) L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1)), 并判断出其为溶液中扩散控制型反应。根据实验现象与测试结果, 提出了Eu~(2+)与XO的反应分别在Eu~(2+)相对过量和在XO过量时的反应机理, 并判断了各反应步骤速率常数之间的相对关系。     

停止-流动分光光度法研究铕(Ⅱ)与二甲酚橙快速电子转移反应动力学

用停止-流动分光光度法研究了Eu~(2+)与二甲酚橙(XO)间快速电子转移反应的动力学规律。求得了速控步骤的动力学参数。如反应级数(n=2)、几个不同温度下的速率常数(k_(278K)=5.7×10~8L·mol~-·s~(-1),k_(s38K)=1.01×10~9L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1))、活化能(E=7.6×10~3J·mol~(-1)),以及指前因子(A=1.5×10~(10)L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1)),并判断出其为溶液中扩散控制型反应。根据实验现象与测试结果,提出了Eu~(2+)与XO的反应分别在Eu~(2+)相对过量和在XO过量时的反应机理,并判断了各反应步骤速率常数之间的相对关系。     

HCF(~1A'''')+SO_2反应的动力学研究

用激光光解-激光诱导荧光方法研究了室温下(T=293K)HCF(X%A′)自由基与SO2分子的反应动力学.实验中1HCF(X%A′)自由基是由213nm激光光解HCFBr2产生的,用激光诱导荧光(LIF)检测HCF(X%A′)自由基的相对浓度随着11反应时间的变化,得到此反应的二级反应速率常数为:k=(1.81±0.15)×10-12cm3?molecule-1?s-1,体系总压为1862Pa.高精度理论计算表明,HCF(X%A′)和SO2分子反应的机理是典型的加成-消除反应.我们运用RRKM-TST理论计算了1此二级反应速率常数的温度效应和压力效应,计算结果和室温下测定的二级反应速率常数符合得较好.     

Die Kristallstruktur des W3CoB3 und der dazu isotypen Phasen Mo3CoB3, Mo3NiB3 und W3NiB3

Zusammenfassung Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, W₃CoB₃ und W₃NiB₃ kristallisieren in einem eigenen Typ (W₃CoB₃-Struktur). Das trigonal prismatische Bauelement [T ₆B]^* ist zu Ketten vereinigt, wobei B₃-Gruppen entstehen. Die Phasen sind vermutlich Bor-reicher als obiger Formel entspricht.

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The crystal structure of W₃CoB₃ and the isotypic phases Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, and W₃NiB₃

Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, W₃CoB₃, and W₃NiB₃ were found to possess a new type of crystal structure (W₃CoB₃-structure type). Trigonal prismatic groups [T ₆B]^* are linked together forming chains in such a way that B₃-groups occur. These borides do probably exist with a larger amount of boron as to compared with the formula.

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Mit 2 Abbildungen     

Synthesis of γγγ-trifluorocarbonyl compounds

γγγ-Trifluorocarbonyl compounds are easily obtained in a good yield by introduction of the 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl moiety (CF₃-CH₂-) on the -methylene group of a ketone.     

K3SbSe3, Rb3SbSe3 und Cs3SbSe3 – Synthese und Kristallstruktur

K₃SbSe₃, Rb₃SbSe₃, and Cs₃SbSe₃ – Synthesis and Crystal Structure The compounds K₃SbSe₃, Rb₃SbSe₃ and Cs₃SbSe₃ were synthesized by heating mixtures of Sb₂O₃ and an alkalicarbonate in a stream of hydrogen saturated by selenium in a temperature range between 750 °C and 800 °C. The compounds crystallize isostructural with Na₃AsS₃. A comparison of atomic distances and bond angles with those of the isostructural arsenic and bismuth compounds shows the effect of lone pairs.     

γ-Nitro-γ-butyrolacton

γ-Nitro-γ-butyrolactone By oxidation of 3-(1-nitro-2-oxocyclohexyl)propanal ( 1 ) with KMnO₄, besides 3-(1′-nitro-2′-oxocyclohexyl)pripionic acid ( 2 ), the complete hydrolysis product 4-oxononanedioic acid ( 4 ) and the oxidized semi-hydrolysis product 5-(2-nitro-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furyl)pentanoic acid ( 3 ) were formed. The crystalline 3 decomposes at r.t. forming 4 and nitrous gases; its structure was established by X-ray determination.     

Freezing the polarization of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite films

Thin films of methylammonium lead halides, CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and CH₃NH₃PbI_3-xCl_x, were deposited onto symmetrical microstructured electrode arrays of gold or platinum on Si/SiO₂ wafers. Polarization studies were carried out on perovskite films under vacuum in the dark. For poling, a constant voltage was applied to the samples while the temperature was cycled between 295 K and 4 K. The measured current densities depending on the temperature showed distinct characteristics relating strongly to the crystal phase and the dielectric properties of the perovskite films. Voltage sweeps were carried out at different scan rates at specific temperature intervals after poling. The polarization of the films due to the migration of iodide vacancies in direction of the blocking perovskite/metal interface was frozen almost up to room temperature. Charge carriers were only able to cross the blocking barrier and contribute to the current where the ions have accumulated during poling. All J-V curves showed hysteresis: inverted and regular hysteresis at room temperature and below, respectively. Inverted hysteresis originates from the slow accumulation of ions at the blocking barrier, while regular hysteresis arises from a distortion in the adjacent crystals which will be discussed.     

K3BiSe3, Rb3BiSe3 und Cs3BiSe3 – Substitutionsvarianten des Th3P4-Typs

K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃ – Derivatives of the Th₃P₄ Structure Type The compounds K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃ were synthesized by heating mixtures of Bi₂O₃ and the respective alkalicarbonate in a stream of hydrogen saturated by selenium at 850°C. Thin crystals of the compounds appear red in transmitted light. They crystallize isostructural with Na₃AsS₃, space group P2₁3, lattice constants a = 9.771(5) Å, a = 10.161(3) Å, and a = 10.587(5) Å for K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃, respectively. The Na₃AsS₃ structure type is a derivative of the Th₃P₄ structure type.     

Synthesis of some derivatives of 3-amino-3-desoxyerythrose and 3-amino-3-desoxy-D-3-erythrose

The synthesis of derivatives of 3-amino-3-deoxy-L-erythrose by LAH or LAD reduction of the oxime of 1,2-O-isopropylidene α-L -glycero-tetros-3-ulofuranose is described.     

3x-pyrrolizin-3-ones

Condensation of pyrrole-2-dithiocarboxylates with CH acids containing ester groups, in the KOH-DMSO system, was used to prepare previously unknown 1-alkylthio-3H pyrrolizin-3-ones. The latter, treated with secondary amines, are readily converted to the corresponding 1-amino derivatives.     

3-H-pyrrolizin-3-ones

Previously unknown 1-alkylthio-3H-pyrrolizin-3-ones have been obtained by the condensation of pyrrole-2-dithiocarboxylates with CH acids containing ester groupings in the KOH-DMSO system. On treating the products with secondary amines they are readily converted into the corresponding 1-amino derivatives.Irkutsk Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk 664033. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 919–924, July, 1996. Original article submitted May 2, 1996.