Necessity of Exact Calculation for Transition Probability

This paper shows that exact calculation for transition probability can make some systems deviate fromFermi golden rule seriously. This paper also shows that the corresponding exact calculation of hopping rate inducedby phonons for deuteron in Pd-D system with the many-body electron screening, proposed by Ichimaru, can explainthe experimental fact observed in Pd-D system, and predicts that perfection and low-dimension of Pd lattice are veryimportant for the phonon-induced hopping rate enhancement in Pd-D system.     

谐波分析法高光谱影像融合及其光谱信息保真度评价

提高高分辨率影像之间的空间信息融入度和光谱信息保真度是当今高光谱影像融合研究的热点问题。本文结合EO-1卫星的Hyperion高光谱影像与ALI高空间分辨率波段,针对最大限度地克制光谱信息失真与光谱形态变化等问题,提出了高光谱影像的谐波分析融合(HAF)算法和融合影像光谱信息保真度评价的导数光谱差值信息熵(DSD-IE)模型。通过计算和评价采样像元样本的导数光谱差值曲线信息熵、平均梯度和标准差等参量,同时比较主成分分析(PCA)、Gram-Schmidt(GS)和小波分析等方法的高光谱融合影像,证实了基于HAF的高光谱影像融合结果具有较高的空间信息融入度和光谱信息保真度,在空间信息和光谱信息的可靠性、准确性和实用性等方面都明显优于其他传统的高光谱影像融合方法。     

Transition between SU(4) and SU(2) Kondo effect

Motivated by experiments in nanoscopic systems, we study a generalized Anderson, which consist of two spin degenerate doublets hybridized to a singlet by the promotion of an electron to two conduction bands, as a function of the energy separation δ$\delta$ between both doublets. For δ=0$\delta =0$ or very large, the model is equivalent to a one-level SU(N$N$) Anderson model, with N=4$N=4$ and 2 respectively. We study the evolution of the spectral density for both doublets (ρ_1σ(ω)${\rho }_{1\sigma }(\omega )$ and ρ_2σ(ω)${\rho }_{2\sigma }(\omega )$) and their width in the Kondo limit as δ$\delta$ is varied, using the non-crossing approximation (NCA). As δ$\delta$ increases, the peak at the Fermi energy in the spectral density (Kondo peak) splits and the density of the doublet of higher energy ρ_2σ(ω)${\rho }_{2\sigma }(\omega )$ shifts above the Ferrmi energy. The Kondo temperature T_K (determined by the half-width at half maximum of the Kondo peak in density of the doublet of lower energy ρ_1σ(ω)${\rho }_{1\sigma }(\omega )$) decreases dramatically. The variation of T_K with δ$\delta$ is reproduced by a simple variational calculation.     

Nonclassicality of Single-Variable Hermite Polynomial State and Its Fidelity with Squeezed Vacuum State

The nonclassicality of the single-variable Hermite polynomial state (SHPS) and its fidelity with squeezed vacuum state are studied in this paper. It is found that the SHPS can be considered as a single mode photon subtracted squeezed vacuum state. A compact expression for the Wigner function (WF) is also derived analytically by using the Weyl-ordered operator invariance under similar transformations. Especially, the nonclassicality is discussed in terms of the negativity of the WF. At last, the fidelity as a non-Gaussianity measure for this state is also discussed.     

Al原子共振双线跃迁几率实验研究

我们用Nd：YAG脉冲激光烧蚀金属Al靶产生等离子体，利用时间分辨技术摄取Al等离子体辐射时间分辨谱，获得Al原子共振双线辐射谱；通过积分谱线下的面积，计算共振双线强度；根据共振双线强度比，推断Al原子共振双线跃迁几率比，并与理论计算结果比较。结果发现，实验结果与理论计算符合的很好。     

The Exit Distribution for Smart Kinetic Walk with Symmetric and Asymmetric Transition Probability

It has been proved that the distribution of the point where the smart kinetic walk (SKW) exits a domain converges in distribution to harmonic measure on the hexagonal lattice. For other lattices, it is believed that this result still holds, and there is good numerical evidence to support this conjecture. Here we examine the effect of the symmetry and asymmetry of the transition probability on each step of the SKW on the square lattice and test if the exit distribution converges in distribution to harmonic measure as well. From our simulations, the limiting exit distribution of the SKW with a non-uniform but symmetric transition probability as the lattice spacing goes to zero is the harmonic measure. This result does not hold for asymmetric transition probability. We are also interested in the difference between the SKW with symmetric transition probability exit distribution and harmonic measure. Our simulations provide strong support for a explicit conjecture about this first order difference. The explicit formula for the conjecture will be given below.     

光子扣除(增加)压缩真空态与压缩猫态的保真度

解析推导了任意光子扣除(增加)压缩真空态与压缩猫态的保真度. 研究表明,无论是光子增加还是光子扣除,最大保真度都随光子增加或扣除数目的增加而增加,且最大保真度对应的叠加态振幅也增加;此外,对于相同数目的增加和扣除光子数,光子增加后的最大保真度所对应的叠加态振幅比光子扣除所对应的叠加态振幅要大,而最大保真度略小一些. 尽管目前从实验上实现光子增加比光子扣除困难较大,但光子增加也可以成为获得大振幅猫态的一个有力手段. 关键词： 光子扣除压缩真空态 光子增加压缩真空态 压缩猫态 保真度     

Probability interpretation of particle(s) along classical trajectories

The theory of divergent series is used to show that the probability density of a wavemechanical state becomes classical trajectories (for a single particle or many interacting particles) in the limit 0. The probability interpretation is claimed to be valid even if a classical particle idea is inserted into the theory. The idea particle is claimed as a classical entity valid for 0. Finally, the double slit experiment is illustrated as an example and interpreted by the above theory. The interpretation is that the interaction between the incident and interference beams and the double slit is approximately described by the wave theory (interference mechanism).     

色味连锁物质的稳定态及其相变

简要介绍和评述了色味连锁物质的稳定态及其相变,指出高密强相互作用物质由于夸克配对出现了一些奇异相。重点介绍色味连锁（CFL）物质及其中的Goldstone-mode凝聚现象。在考虑奇异数对应化学势μs≠0的情况下,CFL物质中K^0和K^-0都可能发生凝聚。随着重子数密度的增高,强作用物质呈现出丰富相结构,在核物质相与CFL相之间可能存在其它相,但最简单的可能相变过程是直接从核物质相变为CFL物质。这种相变可有两种过程,即两相间仅存在一个极小界面或出现两相混合区域。另外还重点讨论了K^-介子凝聚对相变的影响。Quark matter at high density has a rich phase structure. Goidstone-mode may condense in the color-flavor-locked （CFL） phase matter. We review the stability of CFL phase and its phase transition, as well as the effect of nonzero strangeness chemical potential on the CFL phase of dense quark matter. It is pointed out that, depending on the value of μs, both K^0 and K^-0 may condense in the CFL matter. As a function of quark chemical potential, other phases may intervene between the nuclear-matter and CFL phase. The simplest possibility, however, is a transition between nuclear and CFL matter. Such a transition could occur either at a single sharp interface or through a mixed phase region. The effect of discontinuous K^- meson condensation on the phase transition is also discussed. [     

Effect of Moving Mass Center on Atomic Transition Probability in a Single-Mode Cavity

By considering a two-level atom coupling with a single-mode cavity field which is prepared in three different initial states respectively, the influence of spatial motion of the atomic centre of mass on the atomic transition probability is studied. It is shown that the oscillation with collapse and revival in atomic transition probability may be suppressed due to Doppler effect.     

On the Transition Probability for the Near or Exact Resonance with the RWA

Rotating wave approximation (RWA) has been used to evaluate the transition probability and solve the Schrödinger equation approximately in quantum optics. Examples include the invalidity of the traditional adiabatic condition for the adiabaticity invoking a two-level coupled system near resonance. Here, using a two-state system driven by an oscillatory force, we derive the exact transition probability by solving the Schrödinger equation analytically for a general wave function. Our results reveal that the application of the RWA may lead to false conclusions on the transition probability for the near resonance with weak coupling, especially when the coupling strength is about a half of the transition frequency. We also investigate conditions for which RWA may work or fail.     

Transition potentials for (d, p) reactions

Finite-range calculations are carried out in the distorted wave Born approximation to obtain the ²⁸Si(d, p)²⁹Si and ⁹⁰Zr(d, p)⁹¹Zr stripping differential cross sections at a number of different bombarding energies. The transition interaction responsible for the A(d, p)B reaction is assumed to be V_pn+V_pA−V_pB rather than just the proton-neutron interaction V_pn alone. Various assumptions are made about the forms of this interaction. The exact calculations are compared with second order approximate finite-range calculations employing a Hulthén form for V_pn.     

Theoretical Calculations of Transition Probabilities and Oscillator Strengths for Sc(III) and Y(III)

利用最弱受约束电子势模型理论计算了二价钪离子和二价钇离子的能级间跃迁几率和振子强度的数值. 二价钪离子的计算结果与美国国家标准技术研究院(NIST)所给出的可接受值吻合良好. 二价钇离子的计算结果也与现有的其他理论方法的计算结果十分接近.     

Fidelity and coherence measures from interference

By utilizing single particle interferometry, the fidelity or coherence of a pair of quantum states is identified with their capacity for interference. We consider processes acting on the internal degree of freedom (e.g., spin or polarization) of the interfering particle, preparing it in states rho_{A} or rho_{B} in the respective path of the interferometer. The maximal visibility depends on the choice of interferometer, as well as the locality or nonlocality of the preparations, but otherwise depends only on the states rho_{A} and rho_{B} and not the individual preparation processes themselves. This allows us to define interferometric measures which probe locality and correlation properties of spatially or temporally separated processes, and can be used to differentiate between processes that cannot be distinguished by direct process tomography using only the internal state of the particle.     

Fidelity and Entanglement with Environment Effect

A quantum entangling gate is investigated in dissipative system by considering input initial entangled two qubits. By analyzing the relation between the fidelity and the concurrence, we find that the fidelity of gate is strongly correlated to the entanglement of the qubits, where the center positions of entangled death is corresponding to the turning points of the fidelity. The results are helpful for one to implement quantum computation with dissipative effects.     

Transition probabilities in Pr(II) and the solar praseodymium abundance

We have measured branching ratios for all of the known transitions from five levels in Pr⁺. We use the known mean lifetime of four of these levels to compute transition probabilities for 40 transitions. Five of our stronger lines are seen in the sun. We use the equivalent widths of Moore et al. and the solar model parameters of Righini and Rigutti to compute the photospheric Prabundance: log (N_Pr/N_H) + 12 = 0.66 ± 0.15. This value is a factor of ten lower than the most recent photospheric abundance measurement of Grevesse and Blanquet. The difference arises in part from the new transition probabilities, in part from the equivalent widths. We justify our use of widths from Moore et al. by comparing them with widths measured on the Preliminary Kitt Peak Solar Atlas.     

U（5）-O（6） Phase Transition in the SD-Pair Shell Model

U（5）-0（6） transitional behaviour in the SD-palr shell model is studied. The results show that the U（5）-O（6） transitional patterns of the interacting boson model can be reproduced in the S D-palr shell model approximately.     

Transition probabilities in Nd(II) and the solar neodymium abundance

We have measured branching ratios for all the known transitions from nine levels in Nd⁺. We use the known mean lifetimes of four of these levels to compute transition probabilities for 60 transitions. We have measured the solar equivalent widths of 12 of these lines on the Preliminary Edition of the Kitt Peak Solar Atlas and compute a photospheric Nd abundance $\text{log}\text{(}\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>Nd</mtext>}}\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>H</mtext>}}\text{)+12 = 1.26±0.14}$, using the solar model parameters of Righini and Rigutti based on the Mutschlecner model. The solar lines used in this computation are weak ($\text{W}\text{λ}$<3×10^-6), and the derived abundance has little dependence on the uncertainties of the solar model.