高温高速流场条件下蓝宝石材料对红外成像影响分析

蓝宝石是一种性能优良的红外窗口材料,文章结合某高速飞行器应用要求设计了高温高速流场条件下蓝宝石对红外成像影响试验,分析了蓝宝石对红外成像影响结果,提出了对各种影响的校正方法,为高速飞行器红外成像制导技术应用研究提供了技术基础.     

表面处理对蓝宝石衬底的影响

蓝宝石衬底是目前最为普遍的一种衬底材料,是生长GaN、ZnO材料最常用的衬底.本文用光学显微镜、原子力显微镜(AFM)和高分辨X射线双晶洐射对蓝宝石衬底进行了分析测试,系统研究了经过机械抛光、化学机械抛光、化学腐蚀等表面处理对蓝宝石衬底表面性能的影响.结果表明经过化学机械抛光随后再经腐蚀后的蓝宝石衬底的表面性能最好.     

温度对图形化蓝宝石透过率性能影响研究

蓝宝石单晶表面图形化作为一种全新的减反增透手段而受到广泛关注,然而在服役过程中其透过率将会由于温度的改变而发生变化,影响使用性能.本文通过高温红外光谱测试系统测试了图形化蓝宝石在25℃,300℃,400℃,500℃,600℃时3～6 μm波段范围内的透过率,分析了温度对图形化蓝宝石透过率性能的影响.分析表明,表面图形化使室温条件下蓝宝石透过率在一定波段范围内上升且伴随有明显的光谱红移效应;温度上升使图形化蓝宝石透过率下降且红移现象加剧,随着温度不断升高蓝宝石透过率有一定程度回升;高温条件下表面图形化对蓝宝石透过率的影响不是十分明显.     

蓝宝石衬底材料的研究及应用进展

蓝宝石因为其生产技术成熟、稳定性好、性价比高而被广泛应用于光电领域,成为GaN基光电器件的主要衬底材料.传统的蓝宝石衬底生长GaN薄膜存在许多问题,如由晶格常数不同产生的晶格失配、热应力失配等,且GaN薄膜结晶质量较差、光线提取效率低.介绍了图形化蓝宝石衬底技术在制作GaN基LED器件中的应用,比较了几种图形化衬底对LED的发光性能的影响.在图形化蓝宝石衬底上采用PVD法生长AlN薄膜,可以降低GaN薄膜的螺旋位错和刃位错、提高MOCVD生长效率、显著提高设备利用率.另外,介绍了蓝宝石衬底在SOS领域的应用,列出了SOS工艺对蓝宝石衬底的具体要求.蓝宝石作为一种重要的衬底材料,未来的发展前景会更加广阔.     

热障涂层用陶瓷材料研究进展

寻求性能良好的涂层用陶瓷材料已经成为热障涂层技术领域的研究热点,本文综述了国内外锆基氧化物、A2B2O7型氧化物以及各类新型氧化物等热障涂层用陶瓷材料的研究成果,讨论了每一类材料在热物理性能研究方面存在的不足.指出未来应基于光子理论,设法降低ZrO2基陶瓷与A2B2O7氧化物的高温光子热导率,进一步提高涂层材料的隔热性能;系统研究元素掺杂对新报道陶瓷热物理性能的影响规律,并采用合适的工艺制备其对应热障涂层,实际考察涂层的综合性能;根据热传导和热膨胀基础理论,从材料设计的角度开发性能更加优良的新型涂层用陶瓷材料.     

一步法消除蓝宝石晶体材料的内部应力

温度梯度法(TGT)生长蓝宝石晶体不可避免出现应力.为提高晶体的品质和加工质量需进行释放应力去色退火处理.使用现有“两步法”退火工艺,由于其退火温度低且速度慢,需要付出较高的时间成本和退火工艺的成本.现提出了“一步法”退火工艺,即在1750～ 1800℃空气气氛中直接进行高温退火.蓝宝石晶棒经“一步法”退火处理后,其内部澄清透明,且晶片加工终检的翘曲度(warp)和弯曲度(bow)的不良率较未退火前分别降低了100;和70;.蓝宝石晶棒的高温退火处理效果明显,可在其他晶体材料中尝试推广.     

固结金刚石研磨盘加工蓝宝石基片的磨削性能研究

通过蓝宝石基片磨削试验研究了陶瓷结合剂、树脂结合剂和陶瓷树脂复合结合剂制备的固结金刚石研磨盘磨削工件的材料去除率、表面粗糙度和磨盘自锐性能,确定了磨削性能最佳的金刚石研磨盘结合剂,在此基础上,进一步研究了W40、W20、W7和W2.5金刚石研磨盘磨削蓝宝石基片的材料去除率、表面粗糙度、表面/亚表面损伤及其材料去除机理,提出依次采用W40金刚石研磨盘粗磨、W7金刚石研磨盘半精磨和W2.5金刚石研磨盘精磨的蓝宝石基片高效低损伤磨削新工艺.结果表明,陶瓷树脂复合结合剂制备的固结金刚石研磨盘磨削蓝宝石基片的综合性能最好,随着磨料粒径的减小,磨削蓝宝石基片的表面材料去除方式从脆性断裂去除向塑性流动去除转变,同时蓝宝石基片的材料去除率、表面粗糙度和亚表面损伤深度也随之减小.     

蓝宝石整流罩的研制现状与发展趋势

随着高马赫导弹的迅速发展,对整流罩的材料提出更苛刻的要求.蓝宝石由于高透过率、高强度和抗热冲击能力等一系列优良的综合性能,已成为高马赫导弹透明整流罩比较理想的选择.多年来,高成本成为阻止蓝宝石整流罩广泛应用的主要障碍,怎样降低蓝宝石整流罩的成本已经成为世界各国一个比较难的课题.本文综述了制备蓝宝石整流罩的三个主要研究方向,并指出未来的发展趋势.     

双坩埚三维温度梯度法蓝宝石晶体生长炉设计

在已有的三维温度梯度法(3DGF)蓝宝石晶体生长炉基础上,设计了一种双坩埚蓝宝石晶体生长炉.设计的三维温度梯度法蓝宝石晶体生长炉主要针对蓝宝石手机面板市场,将坩埚设计成长方体型,增加了材料利用率,并简化了晶体切割工艺.采用双坩埚技术,可进一步提高晶体的生产效率,节约能耗,降低成本.本设计的双坩埚3DGF蓝宝石晶体生长炉可单炉获得2个300 mm×100 mm× 100 mm的蓝宝石晶体.     

改良泡生法生长720kg级大尺寸蓝宝石晶体

为进一步满足当前新型显示技术、航天、航空等领域对大尺寸、高品质蓝宝石材料的需求,本文采用改良泡生法,通过自主研发的蓝宝石晶体生长设备,生长出质量达720 kg的大尺寸、高品质蓝宝石晶体.该晶体可加工成直径640 mm,无气泡和小角度晶界的大尺寸蓝宝石面板.对晶体上、中、下不同位置的品质进行检测分析,得到晶体的位错密度小...     

蓝宝石晶体热性能的各向异性对SAPMAC法晶体生长的影响

采用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法蓝宝石晶体生长过程中晶体内的温度、应力分布进行了模拟计算,结合实验结果讨论了蓝宝石晶体热性能的各向异性对晶体生长的影响.研究结果表明,对于冷心放肩微量提拉蓝宝石晶体生长系统,较大的轴向热导率有利于提高晶体的生长速率和界面稳定性,而稍大的径向热导率则有利于保持微凸的生长界面.晶体内的热应力受径向热膨胀系数的影响显著,随着径向热膨胀系数的增大而增大,最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面区域.在实验中选α轴为结晶取向,成功生长出了直径达230mm、高质量蓝宝石晶体.     

白宝石晶体的高温强度及强化技术研究进展

白宝石高温强度的降低主要是由于c轴方向受到压应力时产生r面双晶所引起的.高温强度的下降导致其抗热震性能降低,从而限制了白宝石晶体作为红外窗口和头罩材料的应用.白宝石晶体的强化主要以消除双晶核以及控制双晶的扩展来实现.本文分析了影响白宝石强度的主要因素,在此基础上对目前白宝石晶体强化的方法进行了总结和分析.     

Inversion of the Temperature Field in Optical Crystals

This article is devoted theoretical and experimental researches of temperature fields which are formed in area semi‐transparent, diffusely transmitting and scattering boundary of two optical environments. It is revealed, that thus can arise non‐monotonic or at certain conditions completely an inverse temperature field. The phenomenon of inversion of a stationary temperature field is revealed theoretically and subsequently is experimentally confirmed. The specific conditions of occurrence of the phenomenon of inversion are determined. During the crystal growth process behind the front of crystallization there can be a congestion of impurities or micro‐bubbles which are grasped by the moving front of crystallization. It results in occurrence diffusely transmitting and scattering boundary on which the radiating thermal flux going from the melt is dissipated in a growing crystal. In turn under the certain conditions it could result in non‐monotonic of temperature field in area of phase boundary and even in full inversion. The experimental equipment was developed and results of experimental measurements which completely confirm theoretical conclusions are given. The described phenomenon could be meet in growing of such optical crystals as sapphire, ruby, fluorides etc. It is specified, that the similar conditions can arise as well on boundary of solid‐gas and liquid‐gas.     

Sapphire shaped crystals for waveguiding,sensing and exposure applications

Second half of the XX century was marked by a rapid development of sapphire shaped crystal growth technologies, driven by the demands for fast, low-cost, and technologically reliable methods of producing sapphire crystals of complex shape. Numerous techniques of shaped crystal growth from a melt have been proposed relying on the Stepanov concept of crystal shaping. In this review, we briefly describe the development of growth techniques, with a strong emphasize on those that yield sapphire crystals featuring high volumetric and surface quality. A favorable combination of physical properties of sapphire (superior hardness and tensile strength, impressive thermal conductivity and chemical inertness, high melting point and thermal shock resistance, transparency to electromagnetic waves in a wide spectral range) with advantages of shaped crystal growth techniques (primarily, an ability to produce sapphire crystals with a complex geometry of cross-section, along with high volumetric and surface quality) allows fabricating various instruments for waveguiding, sensing, and exposure technologies. We discuss recent developments of high-tech instruments, which are based on sapphire shaped crystals and vigorously employed in biomedical and material sciences, optics and photonics, nuclear physics and plasma sciences.     

Phase Transition and Optical Characterization of Mesophase Stability of Nematic and Columnar Biphasic Regions

We report the results of our studies on the optical and thermal properties of binary mixture of two compounds viz., abietic acid and alizarin dye. The mixture shows a very interesting co-existent biphasic regions of nematic (N + I) and columnar smectic (C + I) phases, sequentially when the specimen is cooled from its isotropic phase respectively at different concentrations of given molecule. The temperature variations of optical anisotropy, optical textures and electrical conductivity have also been discussed. Aggregated molecular size has been confirmed by X-ray studies.     

Structure‐controlled growth of ZnO nanonails by thermal evaporation technique

Wurtzite ZnO nanonail structures have been grown on sapphire substrate by simple thermal evaporation of Zn powder in oxygen ambient. Growth parameters such as growth temperature and oxygen gas flow have been examined for the growth of nanonail structure. It is found that the nanonail structures repeatedly grow under a certain relation between the growth temperature and the oxygen flow. Also, at higher growth temperature, the nanonails grow in the form of branched‐structures. The grown ZnO nanonails have hexagonally well‐faceted cap and grow mostly perpendicular to the sapphire substrate. Excellent luminescence properties of a strong UV emission peak with negligible green band have been obtained at room temperature. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

透明多晶尖晶石的光学和物理性能

本文报道了采用高纯、超细的尖晶石粉末作为起始原料,用真空热压法结合热等静压后处理技术制备透明多晶尖晶石材料,测试了尖晶石的光学性能和一些主要物理性能。透明多晶尖晶石具有优异的光学性能,高的机械强度和硬度,能耐喷砂磨损,能经受紫外日光辐照、酸碱侵蚀的考验。     

杂质和缺陷对SiC单晶导热性能的影响

目前关于SiC单晶室温的导热性能,以及导热特性随温度的变化方面的研究报道还存在较大的差异,有关SiC单晶热导率的研究主要是沿c轴<0001>晶向或者垂直于c轴的某一晶向进行的,无法有效地解释热导率的各向异性.本文研究了4H-SiC和6H-SiC单晶<1100>,<1120>,<0001>三个不同晶向上热导率以及其随温度...     

Mathematical modeling of the multi‐run process of crystal pulling from the melt by EFG (Stepanov) technique in dependence on the angle of inclination of the working edges of the dies

A mathematical model for the determination of melt hydrodynamics, impurity concentrations and thermal stresses in the multi‐run process of the growth of sapphire ribbons by EFG (Stepanov) technique with inclinated working surfaces of the dies is considered. The mathematical model deals with thermal conductivity equation, Navier‐Stokes equation, diffusion equation, capillary Laplace equation. This problem has been solved by the finite‐element method. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

钙钛氧化物多孔纳米结构的溶剂热制备及热稳定性研究

采用钛酸四正丁酯和无水氯化钙用溶剂热法制备钙钛氧化物多孔纳米结构,考察水热温度对钙钛氧化物多孔结构粉体的影响,通过压片烧成,考察不同烧成温度对钙钛氧化物多孔纳米结构热稳定性的影响。利用X射线衍射( XRD),扫描电子显微镜( SEM),透射电镜( TEM)和差热-热重分析( TG-DTA)等测试对样品的晶相、显微结构和热变化进行分析,通过测试烧成后样品的吸水率和显气孔率等探究对其多孔性能的影响。结果表明：水热温度180℃制备的CaTi2O4(OH)2样品呈现疏松多孔结构。压制成型后在600~1100℃煅烧下,CaTi2O4(OH)2样品材料呈现多孔性,其显气孔率为44.28;。