Enhanced catalytic performance for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas over a La2O3 modified Cu-ZrO2/γ-Al2O3 hybrid catalyst

A series of hybrid catalysts were made by physically mixing Cu-ZrO 2 and γ-Al 2 O 3,for former it was modified with different loadings of La 2 O 3 prepared by co-precipitation method.The catalysts were characterized by BET,XRD,N 2 O-adsorption,EXAFS,H 2-TPR,NH 3-TPD techniques and evaluated in the synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas.The results show that La 2 O 3 promoted catalysts displayed a significantly better catalytic performance compared with Cu-ZrO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst in CO conversion and DME selectivity,and the optimum catalytic activity was obtained when the content of La 2 O 3 was 12 wt%.The characterizations reveal that high copper dispersion,facile reducibility of copper particles and appropriate amount of acidic sites are responsible for the superior catalytic performance.     

Ethanol synthesis from syngas on Mn- and Fe-promoted Rh/γ-Al2O3

The catalytic hydrogenation of CO was studied over Mn- and/or Fe-promoted Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, BET, H₂-TPR·H₂-TPD, XPS and DRIFTS. CO hydrogenation results showed that the doubly Mn- and Fe-promoted Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts exhibited superior catalytic activity and better ethanol selectivity. The DRIFTS results showed that Mn promoter stabilized the adsorbed CO on Rh⁺ and Fe stabilized adsorbed CO on Rh⁺ and Rh⁰, especially Rh⁰. The fact that doubly Mn- and Fe-promoted Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ owned more (Rhx⁰–Rhy⁺)–O–Fe³⁺·(Fe²⁺) active species was proposed to be a crucial factor accounting for its higher ethanol selectivity.     

Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3-catalyzed highly efficient direct synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines and imines

Versatile syntheses of secondary and tertiary amines by highly efficient direct N‐alkylation of primary and secondary amines with alcohols or by deaminative self‐coupling of primary amines have been successfully realized by means of a heterogeneous bimetallic Pt–Sn/γ‐Al₂O₃ catalyst (0.5 wt % Pt, Pt/Sn molar ratio=1:3) through a borrowing‐hydrogen strategy. In the presence of oxygen, imines were also efficiently prepared from the tandem reactions of amines with alcohols or between two primary amines. The proposed mechanism reveals that an alcohol or amine substrate is initially dehydrogenated to an aldehyde/ketone or NH‐imine with concomitant formation of a [PtSn] hydride. Condensation of the aldehyde/ketone species or deamination of the NH‐imine intermediate with another molecule of amine forms an N‐substituted imine which is then reduced to a new amine product by the in‐situ generated [PtSn] hydride under a nitrogen atmosphere or remains unchanged as the final product under an oxygen atmosphere. The Pt–Sn/γ‐Al₂O₃ catalyst can be easily recycled without Pt metal leaching and has exhibited very high catalytic activity toward a wide range of amine and alcohol substrates, which suggests potential for application in the direct production of secondary and tertiary amines and N‐substituted imines.     

NiO在γ-Al2O3及 TiO2/γ-Al2O3载体上的表面存在状态

本文采用LRS,XRD,UV－DRS考查了γ－Al2O3上TiO2的分散容量,分散态Ti^4 离子的配位环境;NiO在经TiO2改性后的γ－Al2O3载体上的分散容量,结果表明,（1)TiO2在γ－Al2O3表面的分散容量约为0．65mmol/100m^2γ－Al2O3,当TiO2含量低于该分散容量时Ti^4 在γ－Al2O3载体表面以嵌入形式呈离子态分布,而含量离于分散容量时还有结晶态的TiO2出现,（2）NiO在TiO2/γ－Al2O3载体表面的分散容量约为1．1mmol/100m^2γ－Al2O3,比之在γ－A2O3载体表面的分散容量（1．5mmol/100m^2γ－Al2O3）要低,这是由于γ-AlO3表面上部分空位被Ti^4 离子占据,用表面相互作用的“嵌入模型”（Incorporation Model)讨论的这些结果。     

CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合材料制备及其光催化性能研究

以Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O及Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O为原料,NH₄HCO₃为造孔剂,以沉淀法制备了具有介孔结构的CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃光催化材料。研究了不同NH₄∶Al及Ce∶Al摩尔比等条件下制备CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃样品的光催化性能。结果表明,所制备CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃复合材料具有优异的光催化性能,最佳NH₄∶Al及Ce∶Al摩尔比分别为1及0.2,该条件下制备的样品BET比表面积为94.4642 m²·g^-1,孔径为5.8565 nm,对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解率可达93.59%,动力学常数k为0.0218 m...     

CuMnCeLa-O/γ-Al2O3催化剂助燃脱硝性能研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Cu Mn-O/γ-Al_2O_3、Cu Mn Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3和Cu Mn Ce La-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂.用XRD、BET、SEM、XPS和H_2-TPR技术对其物相和表面性质进行了表征.在连续固定床微反装置上评价了催化剂的CO+O_2和CO+NO反应性能.结果表明,催化剂样品中观测不到Cu O、Mn O_x、Ce O_2和La_2O_3的XRD晶相峰,活性组分在γ-Al_2O_3载体表面呈高度分散状态.Ce、La的引入对催化剂的比表面积、孔容和孔径分布影响不大.SEM谱图中未观测到活性组分的形貌,金属氧化物在载体表面均匀分布.Ce~(3+)!Ce~(4+)之间的可变价转换,引起Cu Mn Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂表相Cu O中具有非完整结构的[Cu~(2+)_(1-x)Cu_x~+][O_(1-2)1_x□1_(2x)]增多,Cu~+/Cu~(2+)比例增大,表相氧空位增多,H_2-TPR还原峰温度向低温区偏移.Ce~(4+)、La~(3+)之间不平衡电荷以及共生过程中Cu-Mn-Ce-La-O之间的强相互作用,加大了Cu O和Mn O_x结构的不完整性,导致Cu Mn Ce La-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂样品表相产生更多的Cu~+、Mn~(2+)、Mn~(3+)和氧空位,相应的H_2-TPR还原峰温度进一步向低温区偏移.催化氧化CO和CO催化还原NO实验结果表明,在反应空速20 000 h~(-1),350℃反应温度下,Cu Mn Ce La-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂CO催化还原NO反应的CO转化率达到88.2%,NO转化率达到了96.1%,表现出了较好的氧化还原活性.     

Method for Metal Dispersion Measurements on Pt-Sn/γ -Al2O3

An easy, inexpensive method for metal dispersion measurements in Pt-Sn/γ -Al₂O₃ catalysts is proposed. The method is based in avoiding Sn oxidation during catalyst evacuation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dehydrogenation of Isobutane Over V2O5/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

The effect of the type of the support and the amount of V₂O₅ loading on the activity of V₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst for the dehydrogenation of isobutane have been investigated. Based on the experimental results of TPR, XRD and ESR spectroscopy, it is suggested that there are strong interactions between vanadia and carrier and that the V⁴⁺ species on the surface is the active site of V₂O₅/γ-Al₂O₃ for this reaction. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Copper catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of aromatic amines with 2-pyrrolidinone: a facile synthesis of N-aryl-γ-amino-γ-lactams

Synthesis of N-aryl-γ-amino-γ-lactams by oxidative coupling of aromatic amines with 2-pyrrolidinone using catalytic amount of CuO nanoparticles is described. The procedure has broad substrate scope, good yields, complete regioselectivity and catalyst recyclability.     

磺酸功能化纳米γ-Al2O3催化下合成硫醚类化合物

在磺酸功能化纳米γ-Al2O3催化下,以硫醇或硫酚和醇类化合物为原料,在室温、无溶剂条件下,高收率地实现了一系列硫醚类化合物的合成,产物结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和元素分析进行了表征.     

CO预处理对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

采用XRD，TPR，CO吸附in-situ IR，CO氧化反应等对CuO/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂经CO处理前后的结构、组成和催化性能进行了研究。结果表明，经CO在250 ℃下处理1 h后CuO/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂中出现了分散态Cu⁺物种，该物种的产生使催化剂的活性明显提高。     

Acid-base properties of the surface of the α-Al2O3 suspension

The distribution of the acid-base centers on the surface of α-Al₂O₃ suspension particles was studied by potentiometric titration, and the corresponding pK spectra were constructed. It was inferred that the double electric layer created by the supporting electrolyte substantially affected the screening of the acid-base centers on the particle surface of the suspension.     

γ-Al2O3表面原位合成Ni-Al-CO3LDHs研究

Ni-Al-CO₃LDHs/γ-Al₂O₃have been prepared using an in-situ synthesis technique. NH₃·H₂O was chosen as activation agent of Al on the γ-Al₂O₃surface as well as precipitant. Ni-Al-CO₃LDHs/γ-Al₂O₃was synthesized by controlling the reaction conditions such as temperature, concentration of Ni²⁺ and initial pH. The crystalline structure, chemical composition and porous structure were characterized by means of XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTA, ²⁷Al MAS-NMR and N₂ adsorption-desorption. The resulting sample of Ni-Al-CO₃LDHs/γ-Al₂O₃possesses higher specific area and narrower pore distribution, in which Ni-Al-CO₃LDHs are located on the surface of γ-Al₂O₃and share the same Al-O bonds with the γ-Al₂O₃lattice. Finally a possible structural model was proposed to account for the porous characters of Ni-Al-CO₃LDHs/γ-Al₂O₃.     

Deposition of NiO onto MoO3/γ-Al2O3 extrudates by slurry impregnation method

NiO-MoO₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by the reaction of γ-Al₂O₃ extrudates with an aqueous slurry of MoO₃, followed by the reaction of the MoO₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst with an aqueous slurry of NiO, Ni(OH)₂, NiCO₃·2Ni(OH)₂·xH₂O, or 2NiCO₃·3Ni(OH)₂·4H₂O and by subsequent drying. The NiO deposition was examined with electron probe microanalysis. The deposited Ni efficiently increased the activity in benzothiophene hydrodesulfurization.     

La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂用于二甲醚二氧化碳重整制氢

采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同负载量的La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,并考察了负载量和反应温度对催化剂用于二甲醚二氧化碳重整制氢反应的性能影响。结果表明,反应温度为550℃、La₂O₃负载量为15%时,催化剂表现出最好的性能：二甲醚的转化率为100%,二氧化碳的转化率达到85.4%,产物氢气的选择性高达93.3%,一氧化碳的选择性为76.04%,副产物甲烷的选择性仅为6.3%。550 ℃时其平均积炭速率为1.387 5 mg/（g·h）。研究还利用XRD、BET、TEM、TG等方法对催化剂进行了表征。     

New alternatives for high specific area γ-Al2O3 synthesis

-Al₂O₃ was synthesized from trisec-butoxide by the sol-gel method. pH was varied during reaction and solvents of different polarity were used. Solids with specific areas, greater than 200 m²/g, were obtained, which depend directly on the reaction parameters.

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-Al₂O₃ - -. . pH . , 200 ²/ .

     

Comparing the deactivation behaviour of Co/CNT and Co/γ-Al2O3 nano catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

An extensive study of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis on cobalt nano particles supported on γ-alumina and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) catalysts is reported.20 wt% of cobalt is loaded on the supports by impregnation method.The deactivation of the two catalysts was studied at 220 C,2 MPa and 2.7 L/h feed flow rate using a fixed bed micro-reactor.The calcined fresh and used catalysts were characterized extensively and different sources of catalyst deactivation were identified.Formation of cobalt-support mixed oxides in the form of xCoO yAl2O3 and cobalt aluminates formation were the main sources of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst deactivation.However sintering and cluster growth of cobalt nano particles are the main sources of the Co/CNTs catalyst deactivation.In the case of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst,after 720 h on stream of continuous FT synthesis the average cobalt nano particles diameter increased from 15.9 to 18.4 nm,whereas,under the same reaction conditions the average cobalt nano particles diameter of the Co/CNTs increased from 11.2 to 17.8 nm.Although,the initial FT activity of the Co/CNTs was 26% higher than that of the Co/γ-Al2O3,the FT activity over the Co/CNTs after 720 h on stream decreased by 49% and that over the Co/γ-Al2O3 by 32%.For the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst 6.7% of total activity loss and for the Co/CNTs catalyst 11.6% of total activity loss cannot be recovered after regeneration of the catalyst at the same conditions of the first regeneration step.It is concluded that using CNTs as cobalt catalyst support is beneficial in carbon utilization as compared to γ-Al2O3 support,but the Co/CNTs catalyst is more susceptible for deactivation.     

Reaction of tetrahydrofuran with H2S in the presence of Na+/γ-Al2O3

Modification of -Al₂O₃ by sodium hydroxide promotes the increase of surface basicity but does not exert a strong effect on catalytic activity in the reaction of thiolane production from tetrahydrofuran and H₂S. Introduction of NaOH to -Al₂O₃ in small concentration increases the number of Lewis acid centers but decreases their strength. The activity of Na/-Al₂O₃ referred to one Lewis acid center drops.     

沉淀法结合超临界CO2干燥制备纳米γ-Al2O3

纳米γ-Al2O3具备多孔性、高比表面积、良好的吸附性、热稳定性和表面酸性[1,2],用作吸附剂和催化剂(及其载体),是催化剂载体领域应用最为广泛的品种[3～6].制备纳米氧化铝的方法有很多,大致可分为固相法、液相法、气相法等.