多帧距离选通图像点扩散函数估计的超分辨率重建

为了解决水下激光距离选通图像成像过程中退化模型复杂的难题,提出了利用连续帧图像估计点扩散函数的距离选通超分辨成像方法。首先,从连续帧图像中选取一帧为参考帧作为初始清晰图像,下一帧图像为模糊图像,用梯度约束的方法求出点扩散函数,用于优化清晰图像;然后,依次将后续帧图像当作模糊图像与清晰图像交替迭代求取点扩散函数并优化更新清晰图像;最后获得的清晰图像与参考帧图像用乘法更新的方法估计点扩散函数,结合凸集投影法算法进行超分辨率成像重建。仿真实验结果表明,改进的算法重建图像分辨率和质量明显优于原始的算法。     

利用模式的对称性研究光子晶体光纤的色散

由光子晶体光纤的对称性可以得到模式分布的对称性，根据模式的对称性选择适当的展开函数，可以使计算量大大减少。计算了六角结构光子晶体光纤的色散特性，得到了波长在1．55pm处色散为零时，光子晶体光纤的结构参量所满足的方程。     

Effect of Tidal Torques on Rotational Mixing in Close Binaries

The effect of tidal torques on rotational mixing in close binaries is investigated. It is found that spin angular momentum can attain a high value due to a strong tidal torque. Nitrogen and helium enrichment occurs early in the binary system that is triggered by tides. The stellar radius can reach a high value in the single star model with high initial velocities at the early stage of the evolution, but efficient rotational mixing can inhibit stellar expanding at the subsequent evolution. Central compactness is increased by the centrifugal force at the early stage of evolution but is reduced by rotational mixing induced by strong tides. The binary models with weak tides have high values of central temperature and stellar radius. Rotational mixing in single stars can slow down the shrinkage of convective cores, while convective cores can be expanded by strong tides in the binary system.Efficient rotational mixing induced by tides can cause the star to evolve towards high temperature and luminosity.     

Matlab软件和逐差法在拉伸法测量杨氏模量中的应用

拉伸法可以测量金属丝的杨氏模量,本文使用逐差法处理实验数据以减小实验中的随机误差和仪器误差。实验中测量的物理量较多,人工处理数据比较繁琐,且容易出错。因此,本文使用Matlab软件和逐差法处理数据。把测量的实验数据和仪器不确定度输入Excel表格中,然后把excel文件引入到Matlab软件中,运行逐差法计算的程序后可以直接得到金属丝的杨氏模量,以及测量的百分差和相对不确定度,处理过程快捷精确。     

Can the breaking of time-reversal symmetry remove degeneracies in quantum mechanics?

Reduction of spatial symmetry can remove the degeneracy of energy levels in quantum mechanics. The break of time-reversal symmetry by inclusion of a dissipative environment can have a similar effect. The corresponding time-evolution of position and momentum fluctuations can be described by a nonlinear differential equation that can lead to bifurcations and, thus, splitting of energy levels.     

532 nm脉冲激光辐照CCD实验研究

 采用532 nm,10 ns的脉冲激光对面阵CCD进行辐照实验,对每一阶段的实验现象和电路层面的破坏机理进行了深入分析,根据实验现象,把脉冲激光对CCD的硬破坏分为3个阶段：第1阶段在低能量密度激光辐照下,被破坏的CCD局部出现无法恢复的白色盲点,但其它部分仍可正常成像;第2阶段CCD探测器受到激光辐照后,在光斑处的时钟线方向出现白色竖直亮线,亮线处无法正常成像且激光辐照撤去后无法恢复;第3阶段受高能量密度激光辐照后,CCD完全失效,无法恢复成像。针对CCD的饱和及恢复阶段,利用Matlab编码对分辨力靶板的成像数据进行处理,分析了激光辐照CCD对饱和像元数和对比度的影响。结果表明：当CCD受到激光辐照时,饱和像元数迅速增多,图像对比度迅速下降为零,激光脉冲消失后,整个CCD成像亮度下降,饱和像元数迅速下降为零,经过一段时间后CCD又恢复至线性工作状态,激光的能量密度越高,CCD恢复所需的时间就越长。研究还发现：当恢复时间超过0.6 s,CCD出现不可恢复的白色条带,严重影响成像质量。     

WDM系统中ASE噪声的二阶色散效应

讨论了采用小信号分析法研究脉冲波在色散、非线性光纤中的传输时,放大的自发辐射(ASE)噪声作为功率调制项加入脉冲波的传输方程后所产生的效应.ASE噪声不仅被互相位调制不稳定增益所放大,还受二阶色散成分的影响.其传输函数为COS(1/2β2dzω2),这一函数不能通过色散补偿来消除,会削弱ASE噪声的影响.鉴于此,ASE...     

基于布拉格光栅的边坡监测实验研究

提出了一种基于分布式光纤光栅的边坡监测与报警系统.根据强度折减法,利用ANSYS软件分析出边坡的软弱面及滑体所在的具体位置,从而在该处安装经过特殊封装的拉线式光纤光栅位移传感器.滑体的位移通过拉线转换为作用在光栅上的应力,而光纤光栅反射波长与应变具有良好的线性关系,因此通过检测光栅反射光的中心波长的偏移量,就可以解调出...     

电子膨胀阀应用于低温陈列柜制冷系统的节能研究

与热力膨胀阀相比,电子膨胀阀应用于陈列柜制冷系统,可以更为精确地控制其柜温及过热度。为进一步减小低温陈列柜制冷系统能耗,文中提出通过改变电子膨胀阀脉冲信号的控制策略以达到节能的目的。通过试验证明:与热力膨胀阀相比,可节能25%;同时可减小系统过热度,提高低温陈列柜制冷系统温度特性。为电子膨胀阀在低温制冷陈列柜中的应用提供参考依据。     

Local Modulation of Double Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Spectrum

The double electromagnetically induced transparency induced by two coupling fields can be realized in a fourlevel tripod-type atom. Such double transparency spectra can be locally modulated by using the weak coherent fields to perturb the coupling transitions. These investigations within this scheme can be independent of Doppler broadening by properly orienting these fieds.     

利用相位模板实现数字全息超分辨成像

为了简化数字全息超分辨记录系统,分别在其物光和参考光部分引入一块相位模板,以获得垂直和倾斜方向照明物体的光束和具有不同载波频率的参考光束.当这些具有不同照射方向的光透过物体后,可以使CCD在位置固定的情况下记录到携带低频和高频信息的物体衍射场,不同载波频率的参考光则保证了高频和低频信息在复合全息图的频谱面上能够相互分离.实验结果证明,通过将记录到的物体高频和低频信息合成,可以获得超出系统衍射极限分辨率的再现像.     

Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons

A two-dimensional quantum system with anyonic excitations can be considered as a quantum computer. Unitary transformations can be performed by moving the excitations around each other. Measurements can be performed by joining excitations in pairs and observing the result of fusion. Such computation is fault-tolerant by its physical nature.     

磁梯度张量不变量的椭圆误差消除方法研究

基于磁梯度张量不变量定位方法, 可以实现对目标的单点实时定位, 且定位目标不限于静止目标, 这一方法目前得到了人们的广泛关注, 但该方法由于存在着椭圆系数导致目标定位误差较大的问题. 针对该问题, 提出了一种基于正六面体磁梯度张量测量系统的单点实时定位改进方法, 该方法通过消除原定位方法中不变量存在的椭圆系数, 从而克服椭圆误差对定位精度的影响. 具体做法是通过求解测量系统中正六面体的六个平面中心点处磁梯度张量的特征值, 并把这些特征值按照一定关系进行组合来消除椭圆系数, 来获得六个平面的新不变量, 再对这些新不变量求其梯度值, 根据这些梯度值对目标进行定位, 这样该定位方法可以有效的克服椭圆误差, 可对目标进行单点实时定位. 对改进定位方法进行了仿真实验分析, 结果表明改进方法可以实现目标的单点实时定位, 定位的平均相对误差较现有方法减少10.9%. 改进方法对所搭载平台的机动性要求较低, 其平台可做直线或曲线运动对目标实现单点实时定位.     

分布式光纤Bragg光栅波长校准方法

提出了一种利用标准参考光谱进行波长校准的方法。实验中利用由宽带光源和光纤可调谐滤波器组成的可调谐光源分别扫描了参考光谱和传感光栅的光谱。在参考通道,ITU标准参考模块的输出是具有固定波长的梳状光谱。利用高斯拟合算法计算出由标准参考透射谱峰值输出的对应的驱动电压,通过样条插值函数获得了滤波器输出波长与驱动电压的关系。计算光栅反射谱峰值对应的驱动电压,利用上面获得的滤波器输出波长与驱动电压的关系式可以计算出传感光栅的Bragg波长。实验结果表明,在较大的波长范围内实现了对多个传感光栅的波长校准,减小了由滤波器非线性输出造成的测量误差,具有较高的重复性。     

Numerical study of converting beat-note signals of dual-frequency lasers to optical frequency combs by optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers

The optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers to dual-frequency lasers is studied by numerical simulations. The beat-note signals can be effectively transformed to optical frequency combs due to the effective four wave-mixing in the active semiconductor gain medium. The low-noise Gaussian-like pulse can be obtained by locking the relaxation oscillation and compensating the gain asymmetry. The simulations suggest that pulse trains of width below 30 ps and repetition rate in GHz frequency can be generated simply by the optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers. Since the optical injection locking can broaden the spectrum and amplify the optical power simultaneously, it can be a good initial stage for generating optical frequency combs from dual-frequency lasers by multi-stage of spectral broadening in nonlinear waveguides.     

计算机辅助活体足建模生物力学方法研究

随着计算机断层(CT,computed tomography)和MRI(nuclear magnetic resonance imaging)技术的发展,困扰着活体足建模的问题得到了解决,特别是DICOM(digital imaging and communications in medicine)标准的建立为计算机辅助足生物力学的研究开辟了一条新的途径。探讨了一种集CT扫描技术、Mimics(Materiaise’s interactive medical imagecontrol system)和ANSYS软件为一体的活体足研究的生物力学方法。利用PHILIPS 64排螺旋CT扫描仪获得了足部骨组织的DICOM图像;在工作站上用三维重建软件Mimics分别对足部骨、皮肤等建模,利用Mimics的逆向工程模块对模型去噪、平滑处理和点云运算,之后进行模型面网格的划分;在ANSYS中建立约束、加载载荷并求解,从而实现足的生物力学研究。CT扫描的足部断层图像通过Mimics能够实现对足的外型和骨的三维重建,在逆向工程软件中可以实现模型的体网格划分,用ANSYS实现有限元分析。根据运动中足的动力学规律(如通过压力分布测量平台),能够实现足的表面和骨的动力学和应力应变的计算机仿真研究,为运动损伤或运动鞋的评价等提供了依据。     

A new method for predicting nonlinear structural vibrations induced by ground impact loading

Based on nonlinear theory and field measurements, a hybrid method for modeling the time history of structural vibrations resulting from impact loading in the vicinity of a structure is presented in this paper. The characteristics of the medium present between the impact source and a measured location inside of a structure are depicted by a nonlinear system that can be modeled by a Volterra functional series. The nonlinear system can be identified by the inputs and the corresponding output signals, which can be obtained by performing in situ experiments. Then, the predicted signal induced by a known impact loading at the measured location can be calculated using the identified Volterra functional series. Moreover, the structural vibration under a known impulse train can be controlled by adjusting the delay period according to the predicted results. In addition, the method has been verified by applying it in two practical applications: the cases of impact loading induced by either the impact of a hammer or blasting. The results show that the method features convenient application, high precision and extensive applicability for various types of impact loadings.     

Quantum interferometry by using delayed phase-locked ultrashort pulses: implementation of quantum gate operation in molecules

It will be shown that by using two phase-locked delayed ultrashort pulses of different durations one can selectively populate odd or even vibrational levels of an excited state of a molecule. One can control the enhancement or damping in a selective vibrational level by controlling the laser parameters e.g. delay, phase difference, temporal width and carrier frequency of two ultradhort pulses. Conversely by reading the population distribution In vibrational levels of an excited state of a molecule one can study the amplitude and the phase of the wavepacket generated by the interference of two wavepackets excited by two ultrashort pulses i.e. by quantum interferometry. It will be examined whether the information stored in a molecule by quantum computation can be retrieved efficiently by using quantum interferometry.     

时-空域波形优化延伸高次谐波截止能量的研究

在高次谐波发射三步模型的指导下,理论研究了三色场时-空域波形调控对谐波截止能量的影响．在时域调控下,通过改变三束激光场的强度比、相位和延迟时间获得了最佳的三色场时域波形．在该波形下,谐波截止能量得到最佳延伸．在空间调控下,在上述最佳波形的基础上选择适当的正向激光非均匀效应后,谐波截止能量得到了进一步延伸．并且,随着非均匀参数增大,谐波截止能量也可持续增大．通过分析激光波形、空间非均匀效应和谐波发射过程给出了谐波截止能量延伸的原因．并且,通过叠加部分谐波可获得脉宽为45as的单个脉冲．     

Phase control of light amplification in steady and transient processes in an inverted-Y atomic system with spontaneously generated coherence

We investigate the effects of spontaneously generated coherence （SGC） on both the steady and transient gain properties in a four-level inverted-Y-type atomic system in the presence of a weak probe, two strong coherent fields, and an incoherent pump. For the steady process, we find that the inversionless gain mainly origins from SGC. In particular, we can modulate the inversionless gain by changing the relative phase between the two fields. Moreover, the amplitude of the gain peak can be enhanced and the additional gain peak can appear by changing the detuning of the coupling field. As for the transient process, the transient gain properties can also be dramatically affected by the SGC. Compared to the case without SGC, the transient gain can be greatly enhanced with completely eliminated transient absorption by choosing the proper relative phase between the two fields. And the inverted-Y-type system with SGC can be simulated in both atomic and semiconductor quantum well systems avoiding the conditions of SGC.