Existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to nonlinear delay integral equations

This paper is concerned with the existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to some nonlinear delay integral equations. We first establish a new fixed point theorem for mixed monotone operator in a cone, and then, with its help, we obtain existence theorems of positive almost automorphic solutions. Some examples are given to illustrate our results. As one will see, even in the case of almost periodicity, our theorems extend some earlier results, and moreover, the approach dealing with the integral equation arising in an epidemic problem in this paper is also new.     

Existence of positive almost automorphic solutions to neutral nonlinear integral equations

This paper is concerned with neutral nonlinear delay integral equations. We establish an existence theorem for positive almost automorphic solutions to the equations, which extend some existing results even in the case of almost periodicity. Some examples are given to illustrate our results.     

Morse-Sard定理在无限维时的一个反例

§ 1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＭｏｒｓｅ Ｓａｒｄｔｈｅｏｒｅｍｉｓａｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｔｈｅｏｒｅｍｉｎａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｔｒａｎｓｖｅｒｓａｌｉｔｙｔｈｅｏｒｙａｎｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｔｏｐｏｌｏｇｙ .ＴｈｅｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌＭｏｒｓｅ Ｓａｒｄｔｈｅｏｒｅｍｓｔａｔｅｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｍａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｔｏｆｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｆａｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ｆ :Ｒｍ→ＲｌｏｆｃｌａｓｓＣｍ -ｌ+1ｈａｓｚｅｒｏＬｅｂｅｓｇｕｅｍ…     

The existence problem for a nonlinear Abel equation on the half-line

We discuss a nonlinear Abel equation on the half-line (−∞,c), c>0. The basic results provide criteria for the existence of nontrivial everywhere positive solutions. They are expressed in terms of the generalized Osgood condition.     

Symmetry results for decay solutions of elliptic systems in the whole space

In this paper, by using the Alexandrov-Serrin method of moving planes combined with maximum principles, we prove that the decaying positive solutions of a semi-linear elliptic system in the whole space are radially symmetric about some point. The system under our consideration includes the important physical interesting case, the stationary Schrödinger system for Bose-Einstein condensate.     

Stationary solutions for conservation laws with singular nonlocal sources

The existence of an a.e. positive stationary solution with bounded variation in [0,1] for an integro-differential conservation law with source depending on a function singular in the origin is proved.     

A perturbation theorem for positive contraction semigroups on L 1-spaces with applications to transport equations and Kolmogorov's differential equations

In this paper, a criterion is given for assuring that a linear positive contraction C ₀-semigroup defined on an L ¹-space is generated by the closure of A+B, A and B being suitable unbounded linear operators. Furthermore, this criterion is applied to the transport equation, Kolmogorov's differential equations, and a transport equation modelling cell growth.     

Positive laws in fixed points of automorphisms of finite groups

Suppose that a Frobenius group FH with cyclic kernel F and complement H acts on a finite group G in such a manner that C_G(F)=1 and C_G(H) satisfies a positive law of degree k. It is shown that G satisfies a positive law of degree that is bounded solely in terms of k and |FH|.     

Positive Solutions to Singular Semilinear Elliptic Problems

We obtain a characterization of all locally bounded functions p ≥ 0 for which the equation (E) Δu +p(x)ψ(u) = 0 has a positive solution in Ω vanishing on the boundary, where Ω is a domain of ℝ^N and ψ > 0 is a nonincreasing continuous function on ]0,∞[. In particular, for Ω = ℝ^N with N ≥ 3, it is shown that (E) has a (unique) positive solution in ℝ^N which decays to zero at infinity if and only if the set {p > 0} has positive Lebesgue measure and This condition can be replaced by if p is radial.     

A matrix trace inequality and its application

In this short paper, we give a complete and affirmative answer to a conjecture on matrix trace inequalities for the sum of positive semidefinite matrices. We also apply the obtained inequality to derive a kind of generalized Golden-Thompson inequality for positive semidefinite matrices.     

On the regularity of solutions to integral equations with nonsmooth kernels on a union of open intervals

The behaviour of a solution to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind on a union of open intervals is examined. The kernel of the corresponding integral operator may have diagonal singularities, information about them is given through certain estimates. The weighted spaces of smooth functions with boundary singularities containing the solution of the integral equation are described.     

Convergence to equilibrium for the continuous coagulation-fragmentation equation

We establish an H-Theorem for solutions to the continuous coagulation-fragmentation equation under the detailed balance condition. We deduce the convergence of the solution to an equilibrium state via a LaSalle invariance principle.     

Linear transformations that are tridiagonal with respect to both eigenbases of a Leonard pair

Let V denote a vector space with finite positive dimension. We consider a pair of linear transformations A : V → V and A^∗ : V → V that satisfy (i) and (ii) below:

(i)

There exists a basis for V with respect to which the matrix representing A is irreducible tridiagonal and the matrix representing A^∗ is diagonal.

(ii)

There exists a basis for V with respect to which the matrix representing A^∗ is irreducible tridiagonal and the matrix representing A is diagonal.

We call such a pair a Leonard pair on V. Let X denote the set of linear transformations X : V → V such that the matrix representing X with respect to the basis (i) is tridiagonal and the matrix representing X with respect to the basis (ii) is tridiagonal. We show that X is spanned by

     

Convergence to self-similar solutions for a coagulation equation

Convergence to self-similar profiles is shown for solutions to the Oort-Hulst-Safronov coagulation equation with constant coagulation kernel. A dynamical systems approach is used on the equation written in self-similar variables, for which two Liapunov functionals are identified. For initial data decaying sufficiently rapidly at infinity, decay rates are also obtained.Received: October 17, 2002     

Eigenvalues of Positive Definite Integral Operators on Unbounded Intervals

Let k(x, y) be the positive definite kernel of an integral operator on an unbounded interval of ℝ. If k belongs to class defined below, the corresponding operator is compact and trace class. We establish two results relating smoothness of k and its decay rate at infinity along the diagonal with the decay rate of the eigenvalues. The first result deals with the Lipschitz case; the second deals with the uniformly C¹ case. The optimal results known for compact intervals are recovered as special cases, and the relevance of these results for Fourier transforms is pointed out.     

Symmetry of integral equation systems with Bessel kernel on bounded domains

In this paper, we investigate the symmetry of integral equation systems with Bessel kernel on bounded domains. Under some natural integrability conditions, we prove that the domains are balls and all positive solutions are radially symmetric and monotonic decreasing.     

Some necessary conditions for a graph to be hamiltonian

We prove some necessary and easily verifiable conditions for a graph to be Hamiltonian, in terms of easily constructible matrices. The interest of this research derives from the non-existence till now of so friendly conditions.      

Qualitative analysis of steady states to the Sel'kov model

In this work, we are concerned with a reaction-diffusion system well known as the Sel'kov model, which has been used for the study of morphogenesis, population dynamics and autocatalytic oxidation reactions. We derive some further analytic results for the steady states to this model. In particular, we show that no nonconstant positive steady state exists if 0<p?1 and θ is large, which provides a sharp contrast to the case of p>1 and large θ, where nonconstant positive steady states can occur. Thus, these conclusions indicate that the parameter p plays a crucial role in leading to spatially nonhomogeneous distribution of the two reactants. The a priori estimates are fundamental to our mathematical approaches.     

On the relationship between cmp and def for separable metrizable spaces

For each pair of positive integers k and m with k?m there exists a separable metrizable space X(k,m) such that cmpX(k,m)=k and defX(k,m)=m. This solves Problem 6 from [J.M. Aarts, T. Nishiura, Dimension and Extensions, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1993, p. 71].