固体直接进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中镉元素

固体直接进样是近年来石墨炉原子吸收分析领域发展较快的技术,它取代了繁冗的对固体样品的前处理,避免了样品的污染和损失,也保护了操作人员的身体健康。采用固体直接进样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪,结合使用持久化学改进剂对环境土壤样品中Cd元素进行测定,其结果表明,方法检出限为0.002 66ng,定量测定下限为0.008 87ng,相对标准偏差RSD≤10%,方法准确、可靠,均满足环境土壤测试方法的要求。     

悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中铋

对于微、痕量元素分析中的试样分解、分离技术和检测手段既要求方法简捷、测试灵敏,并要求分解试样中减少元素污染和损失。其中悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收法是很有前途的分析技术,但用于铋的测定未见报道。本文使用悬浮液进样,试样粒度不超过50μm。用铵盐作基体改进剂较有效地解决石墨炉中的基体干扰。本文采用1.5g·L~(-1)磷酸三铵作为土壤中铋的测定基体改进剂。方法不经试样分解、分离等步骤,快速、灵敏、准确测定土壤中微、痕量铋,对有代表性的风化土壤样分析,结果令人满意。     

电热原子吸收分析中的固体进样技术

本文综述了电热原子吸收分析中固体进样技术的进展,详细讨论了固体直接进样和悬浮体进样和样品制备方法、进样工具、校正曲线、基体改进技术、分析性能及其最新应用。     

固体进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定船用燃料油中硅、铝含量

建立了固体进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定船用燃料油中微量硅、铝元素含量的快速检测方法。通过选择谱线和背景校正模式,优化了石墨炉条件;根据待测样品及元素特点优化了升温程序。硅、铝的测定波长分别为251.6,394.4 nm,采用塞曼背景校正,样品无需前处理,直接通过石墨舟进样检测。燃料油中硅、铝元素的检出限分别为0.165,0.126 ng;3个浓度水平下,硅元素平均回收率为88%~92%,铝元素平均回收率为93%~95%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.2%~10.7%(n=6)。采用本法对实际燃料油样品进行测定,硅、铝元素的测定结果与IP 501方法测定结果基本一致。该方法取样量少、操作简便、快速,检验结果准确度高、稳定性好,适用于船用燃料油中微量硅、铝元素含量的定量检测。     

固体进样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定玉米中的铅

建立了一种直接固体进样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定玉米中铅的方法。方法的相对标准偏差为4.8%~11.3%(n=9),铅的检出限为0.0062ng,测定结果与国标法一致。与湿法消解方法相比较,本方法样品不用进行化学前处理而直接测定,避免了样品的稀释以及试剂的交叉污染带来的分析误差。     

悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收测定钒钛磁铁矿中痕量镍

样品粒度不超过３８μｍ，以２０％乙醇－１％硝酸水溶液为介质，用与样品基体类似的一种标准矿样进行校正，可消除基体效应。样品浓度不超过７３ｍｇ／１０ｍｌ，含镍０－３５０ｎｇ．ｍｌ＾－１范围内呈良好线性关系。     

累积进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地表水中痕量镉

采用累积进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定地表水中痕量镉,并讨论了几种基体改进剂对镉测定的影响。通过采用NH4NO3 PdCl2基体改进剂,提高了镉的灰化温度和灵敏度,用于地表水中痕量镉的直接测定,获得了满意的结果。方法的检出限低、灵敏度高,具有良好的精密度和准确度,分析步骤简单。在本实验条件下,检出限为0.06 ng/mL,加标回收率在96.0%~103%之间,相对标准偏差为3.4%~7.1%(n=6)。运用该法测定了湖州笤溪水中镉的含量为0.20μg/L。     

Determination of Selected Metals in Niger Delta Oils by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopic (GFAAS) analysis of oil samples from the onshore and offshore fields in the Niger Delta was carried out in order to determine their trace element contents. The concentrations of the elements (Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and V) determined ranged from 0.151–941.199 ppb with an average of 30.190 ppb (% RSD<5) for the oil samples analyzed. The pattern of occurrence of each element was in agreement with studies conducted employing neutron activation analysis and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. From the cluster analysis of the data, two groups of oils were evident. The groups are correlated with each other, indicating common or similar genetic origin. Trace metal parameters indicate that the oils were generated from organic matter of strong terrestrial input. GFAAS proved to be a good method for the analysis of elemental composition and classification of Niger Delta oils.     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定固体废物中铍和钼

建立了石墨炉原子吸收法测定固体废物中铍和钼的方法。采用盐酸–硝酸–氢氟酸–高氯酸消解样品,钯盐作基体改进剂,消除了基体干扰。铍、钼的质量浓度分别在0~4.0,0~50.0μg/L范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性,线性相关系数均为0.999 6,检出限分别为0.03,0.2μg/g。实际样品加标回收率为82.5%~117.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为6.6%~10.4%(n=6)。该方法选择性强、灵敏度高,测定结果准确,满足固体废物全量分析要求。     

Selenium Determination in Serum by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Selenium concentration in serum has been proposed as the most valuable indicator of human selenium status. In this work, the concentration of selenium in serum is measured by GFAAS using longitudinal Zeeman-effect background correction, a highly sensitive technique that can be used to determine selenium at sub-ppb level. Standard reference materials are analyzed to verify the accuracy and precision of this technique. The direct method proposed in this study is used for the determination of selenium in human serum collected from healthy people of 19–25 years and women of 21–34 years in the First trimester of pregnancy. The method developed in this study, which can quickly and accurately measure serum selenium, is suitable for applications in clinical diagnosis or biological monitoring.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定尿样中铅

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定尿铅以钯溶液与抗坏血酸溶液作为混合基体改进剂,使灰化温度达到1000℃以上,降低了尿中复杂成分的干扰.方法的检出限为0.20μg·L-1,对正常人混合尿中铅测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.54%～4.86%,加标回收率为92.6%～112.6%.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品中的铝含量

建立了食品中铝含量的石墨炉原子吸收光谱方法。样品经消化后,在396.2 nm分析波长下,不加基体改进剂,直接用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品中的铝。线性范围为0～200μg/L,相关系数r=0.9986,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4%。用该方法对有证标准物质进行测定,测定结果与标准值相符合。该法能满足各类食品中铝含量检测的要求。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定鱼肉和河蚌中的重金属

建立微波消解样品,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定鱼肉和河蚌中重金属Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni含量的方法。优化了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定条件,在最佳实验条件下,选用磷酸二氢铵作为Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu的基体改进剂,抗坏血酸作为Ni的基体改进剂。Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni的检出限分别为0.05,0.01,0.05,0.05,0.07μg/g,实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为6.3%~14.5%(n=6),加标回收率为84.5%~113.0%。测定了牡蛎标准参考样,测定值在标准值可接受范围内。该方法检出限低、准确度高,适用于鱼类、河蚌样品中重金属含量的分析。     

Evaluation of the Uncertainty Associated to the Determination of Heavy Metals in Seawater Using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

This work describes the estimation of uncertainty following the “bottom‐up” and the “top‐down” approaches for the determination of several trace metals in seawater when using a classical 1‐pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate/diethyldithiocarbamate/freon extraction method followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. A detailed analysis of the uncertainty sources of this method is included, which allows estimating the expanded uncertainties. The results show that the main contribution to the relative overall uncertainty is the extraction step. The estimation of the uncertainty components is shown to be a suitable tool for the experimental design in order to obtain a small uncertainty in the analytical result.     

Coprecipitation Behavior of Some Metals with Chitosan and Their Determination by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Chitosan is derived from chitin by deacetylation. Chitosan forms a complex with metal ions and is soluble an organic acid. The metal ions were concentrated in the precipitates of chitosan when the sample solution containing metal ions was adjusted to neutral after the chitosan solution was added. These properties are applied to the preconcentration of metal ions in water samples and their determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Metal ions,such as ruthenium, indium, vanadium, strontium,rhodium were collected in the chitosan precipitates.