100 MeV电子直线加速器的物理设计

 能量为100 MeV左右的高性能电子直线加速器是第三代同步辐射光源注入器和自由电子激光注入器的重要组成部分,采用热阴极栅控电子枪、聚束系统和4根SLAC型加速管作为加速器主体结构,一套45 MW的速调管调制器系统和波导系统作为微波功率源系统。设计中,使用了国际通用的模拟软件对加速器的动力学特性进行了数值模拟和参数优化,电子束能量达到100 MeV以上,能散小于1%,归一化发射度小于30 mm·mrad。     

100 MeV电子直线加速器的物理设计

能量为100 MeV左右的高性能电子直线加速器是第三代同步辐射光源注入器和自由电子激光注入器的重要组成部分,采用热阴极栅控电子枪、聚束系统和4根SLAC型加速管作为加速器主体结构,一套45 MW的速调管调制器系统和波导系统作为微波功率源系统。设计中,使用了国际通用的模拟软件对加速器的动力学特性进行了数值模拟和参数优化,电子束能量达到100 MeV以上,能散小于1%,归一化发射度小于30 mm·mrad。     

12MeV直线感应电子加速器

12MeV直线感应电子加速器(LIA)是经12MeV LIA能量升级和系统改进而来,该机通过在10MeV　LIA加速末端续接四个加速组元并调整脉冲功率系统, 将输出的电子束的能量升级至12MeV;同时,重新设计的输运磁场分布及聚焦系统更趋于合理,使经10MeV　LIA升级和改进后的12MeV　LIA,打靶电子束能量达到12MeV,束流约2.6kA,脉冲半高宽约89ns,焦斑约4 mm。     

12MeV直线感应电子加速器

 12MeV直线感应电子加速器(LIA)是经12MeV LIA能量升级和系统改进而来,该机通过在10MeV　LIA加速末端续接四个加速组元并调整脉冲功率系统, 将输出的电子束的能量升级至12MeV；同时,重新设计的输运磁场分布及聚焦系统更趋于合理,使经10MeV　LIA升级和改进后的12MeV　LIA，打靶电子束能量达到12MeV,束流约2.6kA，脉冲半高宽约89ns，焦斑约4 mm。     

NFZ-10工业辐照电子直线加速器

研制的电子直线加速器ＮＦＺ－１０的辐照加工能力相当于３０ＰＢｑ的６０Ｃｏ源，电子束能量为４～１２ＭｅＶ，平均束功率为３ｋＷ，扫描宽度为１ｍ，能量不稳定度≤±０．５％，束流不稳定度≤±０．６％，扫描不均匀度≤±２．５％。ＮＦＺ－１０加速器已被用于辐照各种电力半导体器件，一年多来运行稳定可靠并获得较好的经济效益。     

NFZ-10工业辐照电子直线加速器

研制的电子直线加速器NFZ 10的辐照加工能力相当于30PBq的60Co源,电子束能量为4～12MeV,平均束功率为3kW,扫描宽度为1m,能量不稳定度≤±0.5%,束流不稳定度≤±0.6%,扫描不均匀度≤±2.5%。NFZ-10加速器已被用于辐照各种电力半导体器件,一年多来运行稳定可靠并获得较好的经济效益。     

NFZ-10工业辐照电子直线加速器

 研制的电子直线加速器NFZ 10的辐照加工能力相当于30PBq的60Co源,电子束能量为4～12MeV,平均束功率为3kW,扫描宽度为1m,能量不稳定度≤±0.5%,束流不稳定度≤±0.6%,扫描不均匀度≤±2.5%。NFZ-10加速器已被用于辐照各种电力半导体器件,一年多来运行稳定可靠并获得较好的经济效益。     

9MeV电子直线加速器X射线测量

高能工业CT采用9MeV电子加速器产生轫致辐射,利用高能X射线能够有效地穿透物质以及同物质对射线吸收和散射不同这一原理来检查物体内部缺陷或内部结构。加速器电子束的焦点、X射线的最高能量、X射线剂量及均匀性与工业CT成像的质量和速度密切相关;对探测器的电子线路部分进行的X射线屏蔽关系到探测器的使用寿命。X射线测量结果表明,所用9MeV电子直线加速器满足高能工业CT检测的要求。     

9MeV电子直线加速器X射线测量

 高能工业CT采用9MeV电子加速器产生轫致辐射，利用高能X射线能够有效地穿透物质以及同物质对射线吸收和散射不同这一原理来检查物体内部缺陷或内部结构。加速器电子束的焦点、X射线的最高能量、X射线剂量及均匀性与工业CT成像的质量和速度密切相关；对探测器的电子线路部分进行的X射线屏蔽关系到探测器的使用寿命。X射线测量结果表明，所用9MeV电子直线加速器满足高能工业CT检测的要求。     

10 MeV同轴腔电子加速器辐射屏蔽设计

中国科学院近代物理研究所自主研制了一台同轴腔电子加速器,能产生10 MeV,10 mA的辐照电子束,建成后有望成为我国首台国产化的花瓣形电子辐照加速器。为保证该装置运行时的辐射安全,为今后同类型装置的辐射屏蔽设计提供参考,对该加速器开展了辐射屏蔽研究。首先结合装置的使用情况给出了一种地上为主机室地下为辐照室的半地下机房结构,然后采用蒙卡程序FLUKA计算了相关墙体的厚度。在蒙卡计算中,基于同轴腔加速器的束流损失特点,建立了适用于该类型装置的蒙卡源项输入模型,充分考虑了决定辐射场的主要束损点,同时设置相对简单。结果表明:在设定的屏蔽外剂量率目标下,以普通混凝土作为屏蔽材料,主机室的侧墙、顶板和辐照室顶板的厚度分别需要160～220,110～150,150 cm。     

Physics design of a 10 MeV, 6 kW travelling wave electron linac for industrial applications

We present the physics design of a 10 MeV, 6 kW S-band (2856 MHz) electron linear accelerator (linac), which has been recently built and successfully operated at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore. The accelerating structure is a 2π/3 mode constant impedance travelling wave structure, which comprises travelling wave buncher cells, followed by regular accelerating cells. The structure is designed to accelerate 50 keV electron beam from the electron gun to 10 MeV. This paper describes the details of electromagnetic design simulations to fix the mechanical dimensions and tolerances, as well as heat loss calculations in the structure. Results of design simulations have been compared with those obtained using approximate analytical formulae. The beam dynamics simulation with space charge is performed and the required magnetic field profile for keeping the beam focussed in the linac has been evaluated and discussed. An important feature of a travelling wave linac (in contrast with standing wave linac) is that it accepts the RF power over a band of frequencies. Three-dimensional transient simulations of the accelerating structure along with the input and output couplers have been performed using the software CST-MWS to explicitly demonstrate this feature.     

Progress on the construction of the 100 MeV/100 kW electron linac for the NSC KIPT neutron source

IHEP, China is constructing a 100 MeV/100 kW electron Linac for NSC KIPT, Ukraine. This linac will be used as the driver of a neutron source based on a subcritical assembly. In 2012, the injector part of the accelerator was pre-installed as a testing facility in the experimental hall ≠2 of IHEP. The injector beam and key hardware testing results met the design goal. Recently, the injector testing facility was disassembled and all of the components for the whole accelerator have been shipped to Ukraine from China by the ocean shipping. The installation of the whole machine in KIPT will be started in June, 2013. The construction progress, the design and testing results of the injector beam and key hardware are presented.     

Progress on the construction of the 100 MeV/100 kW electron linac for the NSC KIPT neutron source

IHEP, China is constructing a 100 MeV/100 kW electron Linac for NSC KIPT, Ukraine. This linac will be used as the driver of a neutron source based on a subcritical assembly. In 2012, the injector part of the accelerator was pre-installed as a testing facility in the experimental hall #2 of IHEP. The injector beam and key hardware testing results met the design goal. Recently, the injector testing facility was disassembled and all of the components for the whole accelerator have been shipped to Ukraine from China by the ocean shipping. The installation of the whole machine in KIPT will be started in June, 2013. The construction progress, the design and testing results of the injector beam and key hardware are presented.     

漂移管直线加速器高功率波导窗的物理设计

为了研发中国散裂中子源(CSNS)漂移管直线加速器(DTL)的功率耦合器,在对常规波导窗结构进行改进的基础上,设计了一种新型高功率波导窗。利用微波仿真软件CST优化了波导窗的高频传输特性,并采用ANSYS分析了波导窗在通功率时的温升及热应力以防止陶瓷片破裂,结果表明,波导窗能传输的最大平均功率达到了800 kW。校核了波导窗抽真空时的机械强度,并对陶瓷窗高频打火进行初步讨论,结果表明,漂移管直线加速器入腔功率为2 MW,小于波导窗的临界输入功率2.355 MW,窗内打火的机率很小。     

常温直线加速器RF系统的建模

为了研究针对RF系统的新的控制方法,用Matlab软件为常温直线加速器的RF系统建立了一个数学模型。模型包括了速调管、SLED和行波加速管等一些典型的微波器件。RF系统模型被用于研究系统在不同输入信号下的输出情况,并用于确定SLED的相位翻转时间和RF系统的工作点。一种新的控制算法,自适应前馈控制算法,也在RF系统模型上得到了验证,并取得了良好的结果。这些都证明所建立的RF系统模型是有效的。     

Modeling of the RF system for the normal conducting linac

To study the new RF control methods, a mathematic model of the RF system for the normal conducting linac is built and implemented with the software of Matlab. The model contains some typical units of the RF system, such as the klystron, the SLED and the traveling wave accelerating tube. Finally, the model is used to study the working point of the SLED and the adaptive feed forward algorithm for the RF control system. Simulation shows that the model works well as expected.     

漂移管直线加速器高功率波导窗的物理设计

为了研发中国散裂中子源(CSNS)漂移管直线加速器(DTL)的功率耦合器,在对常规波导窗结构进行改进的基础上,设计了一种新型高功率波导窗。利用微波仿真软件CST优化了波导窗的高频传输特性,并采用ANSYS分析了波导窗在通功率时的温升及热应力以防止陶瓷片破裂,结果表明,波导窗能传输的最大平均功率达到了800 kW。校核了波导窗抽真空时的机械强度,并对陶瓷窗高频打火进行初步讨论,结果表明,漂移管直线加速器入腔功率为2 MW,小于波导窗的临界输入功率2.355 MW,窗内打火的机率很小。     

Coupler design for an L-band electron linac

The RF coupler is a key component for an accelerating structure which is the most important component for a linac. In order to feed microwave power into the accelerating cavities effectively, the coupler has to be well matched with the feeding waveguide. In this paper, an electron linac coupler was designed, constructed and tested. A numerical simulation method based on the Kyhl's method was employed to search for the optimal dimensions of the coupler. The frequency and the coupling coefficient as a function of the coupler dimensions were also calculated. The results fitted the Kyhl's method simulation results well and gave tolerances of the coupler. The coupler was brazed to the accelerating cavities and it was cold-tested and hot-tested. The experimental results were consistent with the numerical simulation results.