锕系核的电偶极矩

理论和实验上证明了电偶极矩D同角动量I近似满足线性关系,说明了Coriolis力和离心为对D的作用.第一次借权重线性最小二乘法拟合得到31个核实验的基态电偶极矩D₀.比较了宏观-微观方法,平均场理论,分子偶极集团模型和实验的D₀.     

在锕系核区寻找巨超形变核态

分析在稀土核区没有找到巨超形变的物理原因.探讨在锕系核区寻找巨超形变核态的理论依据、实验方法、初步结果和存在问题.     

锕系变形核转动惯量及奇偶差随角频率变化的微观机制

用处理对力的粒子数守恒方法分析了锕系变形核转动惯量及其奇偶差随角频率ω变化的微观机制.建立在高j闯入轨道上的奇A核转动带,如²³⁵U(ν[743]7/2)带的转动惯量,比相邻偶偶核基态带大得多,而且,随ω变化的规律也呈现明显的奇偶差.这些规律在粒子数守恒计算中得到很好地重现.计算中无自由参数,单极和四极有效对力强度由结合能和带首转动惯量奇偶差实验值确定.     

Be靶丸的研制进展及其关键技术北大核心CSCD

可控核聚变反应是科学家用来解决能源缺乏和发展可持续能源的理想途径,为此美国开展了惯性约束聚变(ICF)研究,建设了国家点火装置(NIF),旨在实验室演示核聚变反应,为惯性约束聚变能(IFE)发展指明方向。制靶是NIF点火工程三大主体之一,如何制备满足设计需求的靶丸成为科学家不懈努力的追求目标。详细介绍了NIF工程中主要候选Be靶丸需求背景、研究现状、Be靶优势、靶参数设计要点、靶丸制备技术,以及制靶过程中存在的关键技术问题,为我国Be靶制备及制靶能力建设提供参考信息。     

分子镀制备三种镧系元素靶

采用分子镀方法研究了异丙醇-硝酸体系中两极间距离、电流密度、加入HNO3的量和分子镀持续时间对镀层性能和电沉积效率的影响,确定了制备Tb,Dy 和Ho 靶的最佳工艺条件。同时也探索了在异丁醇-硝酸体系中,分子镀持续时间和电流密度对Tb 靶电沉积效率的影响。因Tb,Dy 和Ho 三种元素化学性质相近,故采用了相同的工艺条件: 两极间最优距离为15 mm,电流密度为5.7 mA/cm2,加入0.1mol/L HNO3 400 L,分子镀时间为1 h。用分光光度法测得各靶的沉积效率均高于85%;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对部分靶的表面形貌分析后发现靶面结构均匀致密;利用能谱仪(EDS) 对靶子进行了定性和半定量分析;利用红外光谱法对靶膜化学成分进行了分析,发现靶膜成分结构复杂,不是由一种化合物组成。目前制得的Tb 靶和Ho 靶已用于中国科学院近代物理研究所加速器SFC 低能核化学终端上,利用19F 束流轰击,分别产生了W和Os 的短寿命同位素,从而成功完成了Sg(Z =106) 和Hs(Z =108) 的模型试验。Preparation of Tb, Dy and Ho targets from the mixture of isopropanol and nitricacid solution are studied by using molecular plating technique. To determine the optimum conditions for the deposition process,the effect of distance between the two electrodes, current density, volume of 0.1 mol/L nitric acid, deposition time on the quality and electrodeposition yield of the target films are investigated individually. Preparation of Tb targets from the mixture of isobutylalcohol and nitricacid solution are also studied by using molecular plating technique. Depending on the similar chemical properties of Tb, Dy and Ho, the same process conditions are used.The suitable distance between the two electrodes is 15 mm. The current density is 5.7 mA/ cm2. The volume of nitric acid (0.1 mol/L) is 400 L. With the spectrophotometry method, the electrodeposition yields for all the targets prepared are found to be higher than 85% after one hour’s deposition. The morphological structure of some targets are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and it can be seen that the surface of the targets are uniform and intact. With EDS method, the composition of some targets are found to be very pure. The chemical structure of the targets are analyzed by Infrared Spectroscopy. It is found that the chemical structure of the targets are complex and the target membrane is not composed by only one compound. Short lived isotopes of W and Os were produced from natural Tb and Ho targets bombarded by 19F beam at the SFC low energy radiochemical terminal of Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, respectively,and were successfully applied in the model experiment of Sg (Z =106) and Hs (Z =108).     

单次分子镀法制备部分La系及~(238)U靶的实验研究

采用单次分子镀方法研究了异丙醇-硝酸体系中电流密度、分子镀持续时间及两极间距离对镀层性能和电沉积效率的影响,确定了制备La,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb靶及238U靶的最佳工艺条件。因制备的靶不同,电流密度一般介于2—8mA/cm2之间,两极间最优距离为3cm,分子镀1h,用分光光度法测定各靶的沉积效率均高于85%。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对部分靶的表面形貌分析后发现靶面结构均匀致密。目前制得的Gd靶和Tb靶已用于中国科学院近代物理研究所加速器SFC低能核化学终端上,利用19F束流轰击,分别产生了Ta和W的短寿命同位素,从而成功完成了Db(Z=105)及Sg(Z=106)的模型试验。     

锕系双原子分子的从头算研究

用相对论有效原子实势（RECP）和密度泛函方法（B3LYP）,采用U和Pu原子的紧缩价基集合[5s4p3d4f]/[3s3p2d2f],优化了U2和Pu2分子的平衡结构,得到它们的键长（LBL）和短键长（SBL）分别为：U2分子是0．38965和0．29927nm,Pu2分子是0．45375和0．35202nm;导出了基态和最低激发态的势能函数,计算出它们的力常数、光谱数据和离解能。     

BRISOL靶源的远控操作系统北大核心CSCD

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器(Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facilities Isotope Separator On-line)利用回旋加速器提供的100 Me V高能质子束轰击靶材料产生放射性核束。高能质子束轰击靶材料产生的最高10^(14)n/s的中子及很强的γ射线会对靶附件的设备造成严重的活化。为了解决靶源系统设备的维护问题,靶源系统采用模块化设计。靶源系统共分为3个模块,每个模块具有独立的水冷、供电及电信号馈入。真空、水、电、气等可以伴随模块的插拔自动接通或者断开。各模块可以通过特制的吊钩远程抓取或者释放,借助监控系统,实现各个模块从靶源间到热室的远程转运。该系统已完成了安装和调试,并已投入使用。     

单次分子镀法制备Sm和Eu厚靶

研究了在异丙醇-硝酸体系中单次分子镀流程制备Sm和Eu厚靶的实验条件。确定了在20μm铍箔上进行Sm和Eu分子镀实验的最佳工艺条件为：两极间距3cm,电流密度3.8mA/cm^2,分子镀过程持续1h。用分光光度法测定了分子镀的沉积效率均高于95%,所制备Sm和Eu靶膜的厚度分别在1.6和1.5mg/cm^2。     

Static nuclear polarisation and polarised targets

The possibilities and limitations of performing experiments with statically polarised targets are discussed. The employment of both neutron and proton beams of various energies is considered.     

Developments and applications of polarized targets

Polarized targets have been used with increasing sophistication in a considerable number of experiments during the past two decades. In this paper methods to polarize nuclear targets are briefly discussed together with some developments in materials and techniques. Applications in quite different fields will be reviewed on the basis of some selected experiments and proposals, ranging from small-angle neutron scattering to experiments which should reveal the spin-structure of the proton and neutron. Experiments and proposals for basic symmetries (parity violation, time reversal and charge symmetry) are included as well.     

Quantum chromodynamic rescattering effects off nuclear targets

We discuss hard scattering processes off nuclear targets. Important multiple scattering corrections to massive dilepton production are evaluated.     

T-odd particle spin rotation in nuclear targets

It is shown that particle spin rotation in nuclear targets, caused by the imaginary part of the spin-dependent forward elastic scattering amplitude, is T-odd rotation.     

Advanced targets,diagnostics and applications of laser-generated plasmas

High-intensity sub-nanosecond-pulsed lasers irradiating thin targets in vacuum permit generation of electrons and ion acceleration and high photon yield emission in non-equilibrium plasmas. At intensities higher than 10¹⁵?W/cm² thin foils can be irradiated in the target-normal sheath acceleration regime driving ion acceleration in the forward direction above 1?MeV per charge state. The distributions of emitted ions in terms of energy, charge state and angular emission are controlled by laser parameters, irradiation conditions, target geometry and composition. Advanced targets can be employed to increase the laser absorption in thin foils and to enhance the energy and the yield of the ion acceleration process. Semiconductor detectors, Thomson parabola spectrometer and streak camera can be employed as online plasma diagnostics to monitor the plasma parameters, shot by shot. Some applications in the field of the multiple ion implantation, hadrontherapy and nuclear physics are reported.     

Gluon shadowing and charmonium/bottonium production on nuclear targets

We examine the suppression ofJ/ω, ω′ and Ψ production on nuclear targets, as observed for proton and pion beams of energies from 200 to 800 GeV. We find that this suppression leads to a universal scaling curve, which indicates that it is due to nuclear modifications of the gluon density (“shadowing”). A parametrisation of the nuclear effect on the gluon density is extracted from the data and used to obtain quantitative estimates for corresponding effects in high-energy heavyion collisions.     

Laser applications in nuclear power plants

This paper reports the state of the art of using a solid-state Nd:YAG laser for material processing applications such as cutting, welding and drilling of several components of operational nuclear reactors in radioactive environment. We have demonstrated several advantages of laser-based material processing over conventional methods, and these are discussed briefly. At NPCIL, we have used laser techniques to cut stainless steel sheets up to 14 mm thickness and stainless steel weld up to a depth of 3 mm. This remotely operable laser system has been engineered for its robustness with proper fixtures and tooling for various material processing operations on industrial scale.     

Medical and industrial applications of nuclear reaction physics

An understanding of the interactions of neutrons and protons below a few hundred MeV with nuclei is important for a number of applications. In this paper, two new applications are discussed: radiation transport calculations of energy deposition in fast neutron and proton cancer radiotherapy to optimize the dose given to a tumor; and intermediate-energy proton accelerators which are currently being designed for a range of applications including the destruction of long-lived radioactive nuclear waste. We describe nuclear theory calculations of direct, preequilibrium, and compound nucleus reaction mechanisms important for the modeling of these systems.