变形核转动谱的Harris公式和吴-曾公式的比较

本文利用重离子库仑激发提供的锕系偶偶核基带高自旋态(直到I^π～30⁺)的丰富数据,检验了现行各转动谱公式.能谱、转动惯量和γ跃迁能量的分析表明,吴-曾公式优于其它两参数公式,包括广泛流行的Harris公式.在某些情况下,吴-曾公式还有助于判断数据的可靠程度.     

偶偶核基带的量子群U_（qp）（u_2）模型的理论分析

通过对锕系和稀土偶偶核基带转动谱实验数据的拟合和Ｍａｌｌｍａｎｎ图的研究，系统地分析了量子群Ｕｑｐ（ｕ２）模型对原子核转动谱的适用性．结果表明，Ｕｑｐ（ｕ２）模型的理论值与实验值比较接近，明显优于单参数形变量子代数ＳＵｑ（２）模型．此外，还建立了Ｕｑｐ（ｕ２）的形变参量ｑ、ｐ与核软度的关系．     

在锕系核区寻找巨超形变核态

分析在稀土核区没有找到巨超形变的物理原因.探讨在锕系核区寻找巨超形变核态的理论依据、实验方法、初步结果和存在问题.     

不同理论模型预言合成超重核Z=119~122研究进展

通过双核系统模型与其他模型对$Z\leqslant$118元素的计算结果与实验数据的比较,证明了不同模型预测超重核的产生截面是可靠的。对比分析了不同模型对Z=119和Z=120超重核的预言结果,我们认为合成超重核Z=119和Z=120的最佳弹靶组合分别为反应$^{48}{\rm{Ca}} + ^{{\rm{252}}}{\rm{Es}}$和$^{40}{\rm{Ca}} + ^{{\rm{257}}}{\rm{Fm}}$,并且Z=119新核素很有可能会先于Z=120新核素在实验上被合成。由于实验上Z>100锕系靶的限制,人们正尝试寻找比48Ca更重的弹核来合成超重核Z=121和Z=122,超重核Z=121可以通过反应V+Cf来合成,而超重核Z=122的产生截面已经非常小,要求将来在实验上提高探测及鉴别技术。希望本文的讨论可以在将来为实验及理论核物理工作者们提供一些参考。     

高能核-核碰撞的灰粒子多重数分布和统计模型

本文用统计模型讨论了高能核-核碰撞中灰粒子的产生过程,给出与实验数据相符合的灰粒子多重数分布,并分析了靶核参加者数目N,碰撞参数b与灰粒子多重数n_g的关联.     

充气反冲核谱仪焦平面探测阵列的GEANT4模拟

充气反冲核谱仪(SHANS)是目前国内合成缺中子锕系新核素、研究重核素α衰变性质的重要实验装置。为进一步提高焦平面探测阵列对重核素α衰变粒子和射线的探测效率,计划对现有探测装置进行升级。本文的主要工作是采用基于蒙特卡罗方法的GEANT4软件对现有的谱仪探测器阵列进行模拟,并与实验测量数据进行比较,以验证程序的准确性。结果表明,新探测系统对α衰变粒子的探测效率可达到88%左右,对能量在1 MeV的$\gamma$射线全能峰的探测效率约为7%。     

中能质子入射的裂变产物质量分布计算

采用量子分子动力学(QMD)、统计衰变模型(SDM)和半经验的多模裂变模型方法计算了能量在200MeV附近的中能质子入射重核引起裂变的裂变产物质量分布,得到了与实验相符合的结果;同时对锕系核素和非锕系重核素分别给出了一组合理的多模裂变模型参数.     

q变形三参数公式对偶偶核基带的描述

利用q变形三参数公式,计算了锕系和稀土偶偶核基带转动谱,详细分析了拟合参数值呈现出的规律性.结果表明,q变形转动惯量转子模型能够较精确地描述偶偶核基带转动谱.     

转动谱公式的综合研究

利用锕系和稀土偶偶核基转动带(GRB)的实验数据,对目前常用的原子核基转动谱的3类(共8个)公式进行了综合比较,指出了这些公式的转动谱计算值同实验转动谱之间的方均根差.还对I(I+1)四参数展开公式的系数进行了分析,提出了四参数关系的新公式.本文关于ω²展开公式的研究结果,得到了关于ω²展开公式的新结论.对W-Z两参数和三参数公式的分析表明,该公式是一个很好的公式.所有这些结果对于原子核转动谱的深入研究都有着重要的参考价值.     

锕系核集体运动的负宇称态

从锕系区40多个核的正负宇称态的实验数据,如激发能、J^π、电偶极跃迁等,得到一系列与核结构有关的物理量,如宇称劈裂能级差δE_I,正负宇称带的第一和第二类转动惯量J⁽¹⁾和J⁽²⁾及第一负宇称态的电偶极跃迁强度比等,以及它们与角动量I或转动角频率ω的动力学和核子数A的系统行为,从而为研究锕系核负宇称态的产生机制及动力学特点提供了信息.     

How well do we understand the synthesis of heavy elements by heavy-ion induced fusion?

Experimental cross sections to synthesize heavy ion induced fusion reactions are confronted with calculations using the conventional picture of complete fusion after passing the barrier plus statistical deexcitation after complete equilibration. The sensitivity of the calculations to some of the parameters is demonstrated. Despite this sensitivity, a single parameter set is found that reproduces well the large body of data from experiments using actinide targets. By comparison, for the more symmetric entrance channels using targets around²⁰⁸Pb, we find a fusion hindrance that increases steeply with increasing compound nuclear charge. Predictions for a few reactions of future interest for the synthesis of heavy elements are also presented.     

Study of heavy nuclei at FLNR (Dubna)

Experiments are described and main results presented on the synthesis and decay properties of superheavy nuclides, produced in fusion reactions induced by a ⁴⁸Ca-beam on heavy actinide targets. In such reactions neutron-rich nuclei are formed. For them, according to theory, an abrupt enhancement of stability due to nuclear shell effects is expected. The decay properties of the new nuclides are compared with calculations of theoretical models, which predict the existence of “islands of stability” in the region of hypothetical superheavy elements.     

Fission fragment mass yields of Th to Rf even-even nuclei

Fission properties of the actinide nuclei are deduced from theoretical analysis. We investigate potential energy surfaces and fission barriers and predict the fission fragment mass yields of actinide isotopes. The results are compared with experimental data where available. The calculations were performed in the macroscopic-microscopic approximation with the Lublin-Strasbourg Drop (LSD) for the macroscopic part, and the microscopic energy corrections were evaluated in the Yukawa-folded potential. The Fourier nuclear shape parametrization is used to describe the nuclear shape, including the non-axial degree of freedom. The fission fragment mass yields of the nuclei considered are evaluated within a 3D collective model using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.     

加速器质谱在核科学研究中的应用进展

加速器质谱(AMS) 由于其极高的测量灵敏度而广泛应用于核科学、生命科学、地球科学、环境科学和考古学等研究领域,同时,AMS还可以用来分析样品中的微量核素,是核科学领域的重要研究工具。目前,AMS研究的最新领域是U和Pu 等锕系元素的测量,在核保障、核监测及核试验沉降物示踪大气输运和表面沉积物的迁移等研究中也显示出了较大潜力。综述了AMS在核科学研究中的应用及研究现状,主要包括AMS在放射性核素半衰期的测定、核反应截面的测量等方面的研究进展。Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a promising method to provide extreme sensitivity measurements of the production yields of long-lived radioisotopes, which cannot be detected by other methods. AMS technique plays an important role in the research of nuclear physics, as well as the application field of AMS covered nuclear science and technology, life science, earth science, environmental science, archaeology etc. The newest AMS field is that of actinide, particularly U and Pu, isotopic assay with expanding applications in nuclear safeguards and monitoring, and as a modern bomb-fallout tracer for atmospheric transport and surface sediment movement. This paper reviews the applications of AMS in the research of nuclear energy and nuclear security including the research of half life of radionuclides, cross section of nuclear reaction.     

Observation of the 3n evaporation channel in the complete hot-fusion reaction 26Mg + 248Cm leading to the new superheavy nuclide 271Hs

The analysis of a large body of heavy ion fusion reaction data with medium-heavy projectiles (6 < or = Z < or = 18) and actinide targets suggests a disappearance of the 3n exit channel with increasing atomic number of the projectile. Here, we report a measurement of the excitation function of the reaction (248)Cm ((26)Mg,xn)(274-x)Hs and the observation of the new nuclide (271)Hs produced in the 3n evaporation channel at a beam energy well below the Bass fusion barrier with a cross section comparable to the maxima of the 4n and 5n channels. This indicates the possible discovery of new neutron-rich transactinide nuclei using relatively light heavy ion beams of the most neutron-rich stable isotopes and actinide targets.     

Calculation of Neutron Resonance Spacing with Microscopic Theory

Nuclear level spacings calculated with a microscopic theory are compared with spacings determined fromneutron resonance experiment. The gross features of the experimental data due to nuclear shells are reproduced with themicroscopic theory. The experimental data for nuclei with statistically deformed nuclei have also been tested with leveldensity formula including low energy rotational levels. The experimental data for the actinide nuclei and the lanthanidenuclei are found to be consistent with the theory which includes collective rotational levels.     

On the multiple-humped fission barriers and half-lives of actinides

The energy of actinide nuclei has been determined within a generalized liquid drop model taking into account the proximity energy, the mass and charge asymmetry, an accurate nuclear radius in adding the shell and pairing energies. Double and triple-humped potential barriers appear. The second maximum corresponds to the transition from compact and creviced one-body shapes to two touching ellipsoids. A third minimum and third peak appear in special asymmetric exit channels where one fragment is almost a magic nucleus with a quasi-spherical shape while the other one evolves from oblate to prolate shapes. The heights of the double and triple-humped fission barriers agree precisely with the experimental results in all the actinide region. The predicted half-lives follow the experimental data trend.     

加速器驱动的核电站──干净现实的核能源

由一台１６００ＭｅＶ的强流质子加速器来辅助驱动一座熔盐核反应堆,从而组建一座新型的核电站．这座电站中裂变核燃料“燃烧”完全,没有长寿命的重锕系与裂片的核废料输出;并可以直接用天然存在的大量钍和贫铀元素作为核燃料来使用．核电站将２０％电能供给加速器运转,８０％电能并入电网．同时电站还可输出十分稀有的稳定同位素和短寿命医用同位素,作为副产品供应市场．这一干净的核能源就是加速器驱动式核反应堆．简称驱动堆;它没有核废料,比自持式核反应堆安全． A new type of nuclear power station can be built by a moltensalt reactor auxiliary driven by a strong neutron source produced by a intensive proton beam with the energy of 1600 MeV from a powerful accelerator. In the power station the nuclear fuels are completely burnt without some long-lived radioactive wastes both of heaVy actinide and fission products. Furthermore the thorium and sub-critical uranium which are massive existence in nature can be used as an available nuclear fuel in...