以三正辛胺为载体的微乳液分离铋(Ⅲ)的研究

研究了以三正辛胺(TOA)为载体,由OP-10,异戊醇,环己烷和NaOH水溶液组成的微乳液分离铋(Ⅲ)的行为及机理。当膜相中三正辛胺浓度为0．030mol／L,内相中NaOH的浓度为0．030mol／L,外相中Ⅺ浓度为0．10mot／L,HCl的浓度为0．02～0．05mol／L时,可使铋(Ⅲ)的萃取率达98％以上。在该条件下,可使铋(Ⅲ)与Fe(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)完全分离。     

以三正辛胺-失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯-二甲苯乳状液膜迁移分离汞(Ⅱ)的研究

用三正辛胺-失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯-二甲苯乳状液膜体系研究了汞(Ⅱ)的迁移行为,确定了完全且快速迁移汞(Ⅱ)的制乳和迁移条件。汞(Ⅱ)可与常见离子Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Mn~(2+)等得到满意的分离。     

氯化铵-硫氰酸铵-十二烷基三甲基溴化铵-水体系浮选分离汞(Ⅱ)

结果表明:在1.0 g氯化铵存在下,当0.1 mol·L-1硫氰酸铵溶液和1.0×10-3mol·L-1十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)溶液的用量分别为0.5,1.0 mL时,且溶液的总体为10 mL,硫氰酸铵DTAB汞(Ⅱ)三元缔合物可浮于盐水相上形成界面清晰的两相,从而使汞(Ⅱ)被定量浮选,而Zn2+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Co2+,Cu2+,Cd2+等离子在此体系中不被浮选,实现了汞(Ⅱ)与这些常见离子之间的定量分离,对合成水样中微量汞(Ⅱ)进行定量浮选分离测定,浮选率为98.2%～102.0%.     

三异辛胺-硅胶柱高效液相色谱分离与测定矿石中微量金

研究用三异辛胺（ＴＩＯＡ）－硅胶柱反相萃取色谱分离、孔雀绿萃取光度法测定金（Ⅲ）、金回收率在９６％以上。应用于矿石中微量金匠测定,结果满意,测定的最大相对误差（ｎ＝５）为６．３％。     

乳状液膜迁移分离铋(Ⅲ)

用三异辛胺（ＴＩＯＡ）０Ｓｐａｎ ＳＯ－甲苯乳太液膜迁移Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）的研究表明,在合适的制乳和迁移条件下,Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）可以快速完全地迁入内相,并能与Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾３＋、ＡＩ＾３＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｍｍ＾３＋、Ｃｕ２＋、Ｐｂ＾＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｃ完全分离。     

氯化钠-碘化钾-甲基紫-水液-固体系浮选分离汞(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了NaCl-KI-甲基紫-水液-固体系浮选分离汞(Ⅱ)的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件。结果表明,在0.5~1.0 g NaCl存在下,当0.1 mol/L KI溶液和1.0×10-3mol/L甲基紫(MV)溶液的用量分别为0.5,0.4 mL时,体系中形成的不溶于水的KI-MV-Hg三元缔合物可浮于盐水相上形成界面清晰的液-固两相,从而使Hg(Ⅱ)被定量浮选,而Cd(Ⅱ),Co(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ),Al(Ⅲ)等在此条件下不被浮选,实现了Hg(Ⅱ)与这些离子之间的定量分离,对合成水样中微量汞(Ⅱ)进行的定量分离测定,结果满意。     

丁二酸二异辛酯磺酸钠对微乳液毛细管电泳分离蛋白质的影响

本研究探讨了在生理条件下,同时分离酸性和碱性蛋白质的毛细管电泳方法。在120mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS) 5mmol/L丁二酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(AOT) 110mmol/L正辛烷 500mmol/L正丁醇 3mmol/LNa2B4O7 3mmol/LNaH2PO4(pH6.7)的微乳体系中,分离电压20kV,25min内完成核糖核酸A、细胞色素C、牛血清蛋白、α-淀粉酶和β-乳球蛋白5种不同酸、碱性蛋白质基线分离;分离效率为7.8×105～4.4×105/m;迁移时间的RSD为1.5%(n=11)。并讨论了蛋白质在AOT组成的复配微乳体系中的分离机制。     

三异辛胺从盐酸介质中萃取Au（Ⅲ）的研究

溶剂萃取法提取金一直是人们关心的课题之一。由于胺类萃取剂具有化学稳定性高,价廉易得,能克服含磷类、含氧类萃取剂水溶性大或选择性差的缺点,因此,胺类萃取剂萃取金受到人们重视,这方面的研究工作层出不穷［１－４］。本文报道三异辛胺（ＴｉＯＡ）从盐酸介质中萃...     

硝酸钠-碘化钾-氯化十六烷基吡啶-水体系浮选分离汞(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了硝酸钠 碘化钾 氯化十六烷基吡啶 水体系浮选分离汞 (Ⅱ )的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件。控制pH 4 .0 ,在硝酸钠存在下 ,Hg(Ⅱ )可被碘化钾 氯化十六烷基吡啶 水体系浮选 ,而Zn(Ⅱ )、Ni(Ⅱ )、Co(Ⅱ )、Mn(Ⅱ )、Fe(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅱ )等离子在该体系中不被浮选 ,从而实现了Hg(Ⅱ )与这些常见离子之间的定量分离     

琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠微乳体系中纳米银的制备及其连续相的影响

在琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)为表面活性剂、环己烷为连续相形成的微乳体系中, 利用水合肼还原AgNO₃制备了分散性良好的纳米银. 利用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱和透射电镜(TEM)对所得产物进行了表征, TEM显微图像表明形成粒子为球形结构, 平均粒径为5.10 nm, 标准偏差为2.84 nm. 分别利用正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、环己烷和十二烷等作连续介质, 研究了微乳液中连续相对纳米银形成的影响. 随着正烷烃碳链长度的增加, 微乳液中胶束之间的交换速率增大, 形成粒子的平均粒径逐渐减小. 十二烷形成的微乳体系制备的纳米银溶胶具有最宽的共振吸收峰, 所得的纳米银粒子平均粒径最小. 环己烷形成的微乳液中反胶束具有特殊的界面强度, 导致纳米银晶核的形成速率过低, 纳米银晶粒的生长不完全.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.