基于电磁感应的脉冲功率发生器试验研究

为了验证基于电磁感应原理的脉冲发生器的可行性,设计了一种小型脉冲发生器试验模型。对发生器的初始磁场与磁芯转变过程进行了分析与计算,建立了发生器的等效电路模型,并结合试验测量的负载电阻电压得出发生器的感应电压。设计的发生器整体直径约70mm,长度约85mm,其中磁芯直径为25mm,长度为25mm,提供初始磁场的永磁体厚度为10mm,试验得出发生器感应电压峰值为784.5V,与理论计算结果基本吻合,验证了发生器的可行性。     

Operating Characteristics of a Relativistic Magnetron with a Washer Cathode

We have determined the operating characteristics of a six-vane MIT-A6 magnetron. The high-power resonant microwave emission at 2.83 GHz is in good agreement with the ?-mode oscillation predicted by the Buneman-Hartree threshold. We studied the magnetron performance as a function of applied voltage, magnetic field, and extraction geometry. Maximum power is obtained with three open vanes. Using a simple energy balance model we obtain good agreement between the computed and measured peak power.     

Simulation of ignition of a supersonic flow of a propane-air mixture by electric discharge

The numerical simulation of the ignition process of a supersonic flow of a preliminary mixed propane-air mixture by electric discharge, with respect to power, geometry, and the duration of energy input, was carried out via a two-dimensional thermo-chemical model. The ignition thresholds evaluated in the framework of this model were in agreement with the experimental values of power density and induction duration.     

Pressure dependence of the mixing rate for the free convection of a binary gas mixture in a two-flask apparatus

A theoretical model of steady-state mixing is considered for a binary gas mixture under conditions of free gravitational convection in a vertical channel with impenetrable walls that connects two flasks. It is shown that the mixing rate in the supercritical regime has a peak and then deceases monotonically with increasing pressure. The experimental results are shown to be in good agreement with theoretical data.     

Completely two-dimensional model for examining the characteristics of a linear cylindrical induction pump

A completely two-dimensional mathematical model for calculating the characteristics of induction magnetichydrodynamic (MHD) machines with a cylindrical channel is proposed. The flow pattern of a liquid metal in an electromagnetic pump under MHD instability is obtained by numeric analysis. This pattern is characterized by the formation of large-scale vortices traveling longitudinally and azimuthally. The calculated basic characteristics of the pump are in good qualitative and in satisfactory quantitative agreement with the experiment.     

Simulation of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with a non-local quantum well transport model

Blue InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are simulated by the APSYS software with a non-local quantum well transport model which is used to describe the phenomenon that carriers can fly over the quantum wells directly. The simulation results based on this model are in good agreement with the experiment and show its significant influence on the output power, carrier transport, peak wavelength and current crowding effect of the InGaN/GaN MQW LEDs, indicating that the non-local quantum well transport plays an important role in these devices.     

Shape dependent full width at half maximum of the absorption band in gold nanorods

The dependence of full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the absorption peak in gold nanorods was investigated as a function of aspect ratio. Numerical calculations based on Drude model and quasi-static theory indicated that, the FWHM of longitudinal absorption peak is wider than that of transverse mode. Further more, with the increasing aspect ratio, the FWHM of longer wavelength absorption peak increasing in a nonlinear way, which is in agreement with the experimental results.     

有部分峰重叠时NOESY谱的全弛豫矩阵分析

采取用理论计算的NOESY峰强度代替NOESY谱中重叠的对角峰或交叉峰强度,用理论计算值和实验数据相结合的方法解决峰强度矩阵的完整化问题,用全弛豫矩阵分析法定量分析了谱中有部分峰重叠的天然有机化合物冬凌草乙素的相敏NOESY谱,计算出冬凌草乙素分子中各质子间的交叉弛豫速率,根据1/r_ij⁶∝σ_ij计算出相应的质子间距离,结果表明:用全弛豫矩阵分析法计算出的质子间距与分子力学计算得到的质子间距离完全一致。该方法能够用于谱中有部分峰重叠的天然有机化合物的NOESY谱的定量处理,可以为核磁共振方法确定分子在溶液中的三维空间结构提供可靠的结构参数     

有限宽度的ZnSe/ZnTe应变超晶格中LA声子的拉曼频移(英文)

考虑到真实超晶格系统的有限宽度会造成晶格的非周期性 ,我们修正了用来决定拉曼频移峰值位置的公式中的倒格矢一项。在线性驰豫应变假设下给出了应变超晶格纵向原子间距的几何模型。在上述理论基础上计算了有限宽度的ZnSe/ZnTe应变超晶格LA声子的拉曼频移。数值计算结果同现有实验结果作了比较 ,符合很好。     

Magnetic field computation in a non-oriented sheet cross-section considering the hysteresis phenomenon

The aim of the present work is the numerical computation of the average magnetic induction in the cross-section of a non-oriented 3% Si-Fe sheet by solving the magnetic diffusion equation. Jiles’ dynamic model is used to describe the magnetization law. The obtained results are compared with those of the measurements carried out for frequencies of 0.5, 50, 200 and 500 Hz. A satisfactory agreement is obtained between both types of results.     

Ps four-wave mixing measurements of electric field in a ns pulse discharge in a hydrogen diffusion flame

Time-resolved electric field in ns pulse discharge plasmas generated in room air and in an atmospheric pressure hydrogen diffusion flame has been measured by ps four-wave mixing, for plane-to-plane electrode geometry. Electric field is put on the absolute scale using the Laplacian field measured before breakdown. The results show that peak electric field during breakdown in the flame, approximately 40?kV/cm, is significantly lower compared to that in room air, 75?kV/cm, due to higher temperature of combustion products. In both cases, peak electric field is higher compared to DC breakdown field. Both in air and in the flame, the electric field follows the applied voltage before breakdown and decreases rapidly after breakdown, due to charge separation and plasma self-shielding. The electric field in air is compared with the predictions of an analytic model of ns pulse breakdown, showing good agreement between the predicted and the measured breakdown field. The model also predicts earlier breakdown as well as breakdown voltage reduction as the temperature is increased, in qualitative agreement with the experimental data. The use of the present ps four-wave mixing diagnostics for measurements of electric fields below ～20?kV/cm in atmospheric pressure flames is challenging, due to low signal-to-noise. The sensitivity of the present diagnostics is controlled by the high temperature and low N₂ fraction in the combustion product mixture, as well as by the limited bandwidth of the Stokes beam generated by the stimulated Raman cell, which provides access only to several rotational levels of nitrogen molecules. The present diagnostics will have much better sensitivity in high-pressure flames, since the four-wave mixing signal scales as the squared number density of nitrogen.     

A modified pitchfork bifurcation as a model of the TI–TII transition in liquid helium counterflow with external noise

An amended pitchfork bifurcation is introduced to model recent experiments by Griswold and Tough on superfluid turbulence in liquid helium counterflow subject to strong external noise. We adopt the generalized white noise limit of Blankenship and Papanicolaou to take a short-correlation-time limit of the nonlinear noise which enters into the model, and we implement this limit by means of the wideband perturbation expansion. Novel boundary conditions are applied to the resultant diffusion process in order to obtain behavior in qualitative agreement with the observations at low vortex line density. We are able to account for the sharp peak in probability observed experimentally at a small positive line density. The drift and diffusion of our diffusion process may be estimated experimentally; we describe how to do this.     

Tunneling between two-dimensional electron systems in a strong magnetic field

We calculate the tunnel current between two parallel two-dimensional electron systems in a strong perpendicular magnetic field. We model the strongly correlated electron systems by Wigner crystals, and describe their low-energy dynamics in terms of magnetophonons. The effects of the magnetophonons on the tunneling processes can be described by an exactly solvable independent-boson model. A tunneling electron shakes up magnetophonons, which results in a conductance peak that is displaced away from zero voltage and broadened compared with the case of no magnetic field. At low temperatures and low enough voltages the tunneling conductance is strongly suppressed, and the I–V characteristics exhibit a power-law behavior. The zero-voltage conductance is thermally activated with an activation temperature 10 K. The results are in very good agreement with experiment.     

Dependence of the exciton-polariton photoluminescence lineshape in GaAs on epitaxial layer thickness

The lineshape of the exciton-polariton photoluminescence spectra in thin undoped GaAs layers is observed to be a function of the layer thickness. A doublet peak (or alternatively a single peak with a “reabsorption” dip at the maximum) in thick samples is transformed into a “single” peak as the layer thickness is reduced by etching. This behavior is in agreement with a model based on enhanced scattering near the exciton energy. This scattering is a function of the concentration of scattering centers which is fixed in these samples and of the average scattering length; (i.e., the sample thickness).     

Electronically and Calorimetrically Measured Energy Balances of a Thermal Induction Plasma

The plasma efficiency is one of the most important factors for industrial applications of thermal induction plasmas. An analysis of all the terms contributing to the energy balance of the rf-generator and the induction plasma is presented. In order to measure the plasma power faster than with usual calorimetric methods, a new approach to the instantaneous measurement of electric power was developed, which allowed power measurements at several Megahertz in the oscillator circuit of a self-excited induction generator. Systematic measurements under 26 different operating conditions were carried out on a 12 kW, 5 MHz argon induction plasma and were checked by parallel calorimetric energy balances. The agreement of both methods is within an accuracy of 5%. The total plasma efficiency is over 50% of the plate power. It varies only slightly with the operating parameters (plate voltage and gas flow rates). The measurements indicate clearly where modifications of the system would improve the overall efficiency.     

The effect of randomly oriented anisotropy on the zero-field-cooled magnetization of a non-interacting magnetic nanoparticle assembly

A model based on localized partition function and master equation was set up to calculate the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) curves of a non-interacting magnetic nanoparticle assembly with randomly oriented anisotropy. The peak temperature of the ZFC curve corresponds to the highest energy barrier that acts against the unblocking process, and could be described well by an equation covering the heating rate effect. The predicted H^2/3 field dependence of the peak temperature is in good agreement with published results.     

磁力负刚度薄膜结构低频吸声特性

针对背腔深度较小的薄膜吸声结构难以实现低频吸声的问题,提出了磁力负刚度的解决方法。采用传递矩阵法,建立了负刚度薄膜吸声结构理论模型,分析得出该结构的声阻抗等同与大背腔常规薄膜吸声结构的声阻抗;阻抗管实验验证得出,在一定磁场条件下,不同背腔的负刚度薄膜吸声结构与无负刚度结构相比其共振频率显著下降,吸声系数曲线与理论结构吻合。负刚度机制能够降低薄膜吸声结构的共振频率,用较小背腔实现低频吸声,从而实现薄型低频吸声结构设计。      

The Slave-Boson Mean Field Theory of a Modified Periodic Anderson Model

The coherent band states of the infinite U lattice Anderson model with introducing a small dispersion into the f-band are derived in the framework of the slave-boson mean field theory. The temperature dependences of the pseudogap in f-band conduction electrons' density of states near the Fermi level are calculated self-consistently. The calculation is applied to discuss the low temperature properties of the heavyelectron metals. The results show that with decreasing temperature the coefficient of the thermoelectric power Q changes sign below the Kondo temperature T_k, and an additional positive peak will appear at the rather lower temperatures, which are in agreement with the experimental results in CeAl₃.     

Influence of a magnetic field on the Jahn-Teller band effect in a conducting ferromagnet

A simplified model of the Jahn-Teller band effect in a conducting ferromagnet with two degenerate subbands with the peak density of states of itinerant electrons is considered. It is found that the martensite transition temperature in a narrow-band conductor as a function of the position of the Fermi level near the peak of the energy density of states varies nonmonotonically in the narrow spin electron subband. The magnetic field dependence of the martensite-austenite structural phase transition temperature in the ferromagnet is analyzed. The developed theory and calculated data for the electron density of states in Ni₂MnGa are used as the basis for estimating the variation of the martensite transition temperature with the magnetic field (?T _m /?H), which demonstrates a satisfactory agreement with experimental data for the Heusler alloy Ni_2+x Mn_1?x Fe_yGa_1?y .     

On the mechanism of the deflagration-to-detonation transition in a hydrogen-oxygen mixture

The flame acceleration and the physical mechanism underlying the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) have been studied experimentally, theoretically, and using a two-dimensional gasdynamic model for a hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture by taking into account the chain chemical reaction kinetics for eight components. A flame accelerating in a tube is shown to generate shock waves that are formed directly at the flame front just before DDT occurred, producing a layer of compressed gas adjacent to the flame front. A mixture with a density higher than that of the initial gas enters the flame front, is heated, and enters into reaction. As a result, a high-amplitude pressure peak is formed at the flame front. An increase in pressure and density at the leading edge of the flame front accelerates the chemical reaction, causing amplification of the compression wave and an exponentially rapid growth of the pressure peak, which “drags” the flame behind. A high-amplitude compression wave produces a strong shock immediately ahead of the reaction zone, generating a detonation wave. The theory and numerical simulations of the flame acceleration and the new physical mechanism of DDT are in complete agreement with the experimentally observed flame acceleration, shock formation, and DDT in a hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture.