Ultrasensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Enzyme Bound to Layered Nonoriented Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes/Polyelectrolyte Electrodes

A sensitive hydrogen peroxide sensor based on horseradish peroxidase covalently attached to layered nonoriented MWNTs modified electrode is presented. Cyclic voltammetry results gave quasi‐reversible Fe^III/Fe^II voltammetry. The electron transfer rate constant (k_s) and Michaelis–Menten constant (K_M) in pH 7 is 48.8±0.9 s^?1 and 0.13±0.05 mM respectively. A linear calibration curve for hydrogen peroxide was obtained up to 120 nM under the optimized conditions with a remarkable detection limit of (S/N=3) 1.5 nM. Results suggest that the nonoriented nanotubes act as electrical conductors and may also provide large surface area facilitating facile electron transfer and excellent electrochemical catalysis.     

绿色氧化剂过氧化氢

作为氧化剂,过氧化氢反应时不产生污染产物,可称为绿色氧化剂,因而受到人们越来越多的重视。本文简述了过氧化氢化学,包括其结构、性质、氧化机理、合成工艺的发展、过氧化氢的延伸产品及其最新应用。     

马铃薯组织过氧化氢生物传感器的研究

以马铃薯组织作为生物催化材料与氧电极结合研制成过氧化氢传感器，具有灵敏度高、选择性好和寿命长等特点．响应时间５ｍｉｎ，过氧化氢浓度在２×１０－４－４×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间与响应有线性关系，检出限５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ．     

对过氧化氢与铜反应的认识

对H2O2与铜反应的条件问题,通过实验进行研究,得出的结论是:H2O2在酸性条件下能氧化铜,铜在加热时能催化H2O2分解,铜离子(Cu2+)在酸性条件并且加热的情况下能催化H2O2分解.     

Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis on Nonplatinum Materials

A combination of electrochemical and physicochemical methods is used to investigate electrocatalytic and corrosion properties of nonplatinum materials in a direct hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis by the oxygen ionization. A modifying action of ozone and hydroquinone added in solution is established. Surface properties of the electrocatalysts are studied. Presumably, the electrosynthesis occurs via a mixed path, which includes direct oxygen electroreduction catalyzed by redox processes involving surface groups and chemical oxidation processes.     

Enzyme Electrode Sensor for Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract

An enzymatic sensor was constructed from an oxygen amperometric sensor on whose surface a dialysis membrane containing covalently bonded catalase was set. Immobilization of the enzyme on the dialysis membrane surface was achieved with 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-s-triazine, a derivative of cyanuric chloride, which unlike others of its monosubstituted derivatives ensures some advantages. The time of measurement is less than 12 sec, for the kinetic method of the initial slope and one minute for the steady-state method. The sensor responds linearly to hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range 10^?3 - 10^?5 moles/1. The utilization of this sensor in intermittent and continuous operation in a laboratory enzymatic minireactor is discussed.     

关于过氧化氢的氧化还原性的探讨

本文对过氧化氢在不同介质中的氧化还原性进行讨论,结论是过氧化氢无论是在酸性溶液或碱性溶液中都是强氧化剂,只有遇到更强的氧化剂时,它才是还原剂。     

H2O2氧化降解海藻酸钠

研究了清洁高效的氧化剂H2O2对海藻酸钠的降解,探讨了溶液pH值、反应温度、H2O2用量及金属离子浓度对降解速度的影响. 结果表明,随着溶液pH值的降低、反应温度的升高及H2O2用量的增加,降解速度加快. 当反应pH=5.3、反应温度50 ℃、H2O2用量0.5%时,反应2 h即可降低海藻酸钠的分子量. 4 mg/L的Cu2+或Fe2+可明显加快降解速度,反应30 min的粘度变化相当于不加Cu2+或Fe2+时300 min的变化. GPC结果表明,海藻酸钠被氧化降解后,分子量下降,分布变宽;FTIR显示降解前后海藻酸钠的糖环结构没有改变,主要是糖苷键的断裂.     

SnCl4催化丙酮与过氧化氢反应制取大环过氧化物

H₂O₂与过渡金属构成的催化体系可选择性地氧化烃类化合物,如芳烃的羟基化和烯烃的环氧化等^[1～3],且H₂O₂在应用中无环境污染,是一种颇有前途的氧化剂.有关金属催化H₂O₂与酮类化合物反应的报道很少.     

流动注射-分光光度法测定痕量过氧化氢

在NaOH-Na_2CO_3介质(pH=12.0)中,Cu~(2+)对过氧化氢氧化钙试剂羧酸钠褪色的反应有催化作用,据此建立了测定痕量过氧化氢的流动注射分光光度法.该方法的线性范围为0.1~2.4μg/mL,进样频率为120次/h,应用本法测定雨水中痕量过氧化氢,获得了满意的结果.     

过氧化氢荧光探针的研究进展

过氧化氢(H2 O2)与生命系统中的许多生理和病理过程有关.但是,过量的H2 O2会导致一系列生理疾病,因此,有效地识别和检测H2 O2非常重要.近年来已经报道了许多用于检测生物体系中H2 O2的荧光探针,与传统的检测方法相比,其具有灵敏度高、无创检测及实时成像等优点.本文根据不同的荧光团,评述了近五年H2 O2荧光探...     

酶催化分光光度法测定过氧化氢

过氧化氢能够氧化茜素红使之褪色,而模拟酶-血红蛋白对其具有催化作用.建立了一种以茜素红为指示剂的过氧化氢一茜素红一血红蛋白酶催化反应体系测定痕量过氧化氢的方法.确定了反应的最佳条件,体系的酸度为pH 9.8的氨水-氯化铵缓冲溶液,最大吸收波长为525 nm.线性范围为3.0×10-7～8.0×10-5mol·L-1,检出限(3s/k)为5.2×10<'-8>mol·L-1,表观摩尔吸光率为1.1×104mol-1·cm-1.该方法可用于雨水及消毒水中过氧化氢含量的测定.并以此样品为基体,测定了方法的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(n=5)依次为100.3%及3.26%.     

Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Photocatalytic Processes

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) has received increasing attention because it is not only a mild and environmentally friendly oxidant for organic synthesis and environmental remediation but also a promising new liquid fuel. The production of H₂O₂ by photocatalysis is a sustainable process, since it uses water and oxygen as the source materials and solar light as the energy. Encouraging processes have been developed in the last decade for the photocatalytic production of H₂O₂. In this Review we summarize research progress in the development of processes for the photocatalytic production of H₂O₂. After a brief introduction emphasizing the superiorities of the photocatalytic generation of H₂O₂, the basic principles of establishing an efficient photocatalytic system for generating H₂O₂ are discussed, highlighting the advanced photocatalysts used. This Review is concluded by a brief summary and outlook for future advances in this emerging research field.     

Enzyme Electrodes Using Bioelectrocatalytic Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract

Amperometric electrodes have been constructed using the direct electron transfer between electrode and peroxidase for mediatorless hydrogen peroxide detection at a potential of ?0.010 V. For this purpose peroxidase was either adsorbed on pyrographite or immobilized in electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole layers on pyrographite or platinum electrodes.     

Platinum-DNA Origami Hybrid Structures in Concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide

The DNA origami technique allows fast and large-scale production of DNA nanostructures that stand out with an accurate addressability of their anchor points. This enables the precise organization of guest molecules on the surfaces and results in diverse functionalities. However, the compatibility of DNA origami structures with catalytically active matter, a promising pathway to realize autonomous DNA machines, has so far been tested only in the context of bio-enzymatic activity, but not in chemically harsh reaction conditions. The latter are often required for catalytic processes involving high-energy fuels. Here, we provide proof-of-concept data showing that DNA origami structures are stable in 5 % hydrogen peroxide solutions over the course of at least three days. We report a protocol to couple these to platinum nanoparticles and show catalytic activity of the hybrid structures. We suggest that the presented hybrid structures are suitable to realize catalytic nanomachines combined with precisely engineered DNA nanostructures.     

双氧水的异相催化分解

设计了一个简单易行的综合化学实验,该实验以水合氧化铁催化分解H2O2反应构建研究系统,通过测定不同温度下反应的速率常数获得反应的活化能、活化焓和活化熵数据,使学生初步了解异相催化的基本知识。实验者可以自主改变环境因素进行实验,也可选用α-Fe2O3、α-FeOOH或γ-FeOOH等铁氧化物开展研究,并比较铁氧化物的晶体结构和晶化状态对催化分解H2O2反应的影响,具有探究性的实验内容设置有利于培养学生的创新能力、综合实验能力和科研能力。     

纳米Pd上H2O2的电催化还原反应

利用纳米Pd颗粒修饰的Au旋转圆盘电极, 通过强制对流条件下的线性电势扫描伏安法, 研究了酸性介质中H2O2在纳米Pd催化剂上的电还原反应. 动力学研究结果表明, H2O2在纳米Pd上电还原反应的表观活化能为27.6 kJ·mol-1, 反应为2电子转移过程, 电解质的阴离子类型显著影响纳米Pd对H2O2电化学还原反应的催化性能. 根据动力学电流与H2O2浓度及与H+浓度的关系, 提出了Pd催化H2O2电还原反应可能的速率控制步骤, 并讨论了其可能的反应机理.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极用于过氧化氢的检测

构建用于过氧化氢检测的多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极,循环伏安阳极最大电流法和计时安培电流法测试表明:碳纳米管能提高电极的有效表面积,并加速电子的传递.循环伏安阳极最大电流和计时安培响应电流均与过氧化氢的浓度变化成线性关系,两种检测方法的灵敏度和线性相关系数分别为2.8μA/(mmol.L-1)、0.997和1.5μA/(mmol.L-1)、0.971;检测方法过程简单,结果令人满意.