Phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of the lipids of the eggs and caterpillars of the silkworm,and of artificial diets and their components

The lipids of silkworm eggs in the period of diapause and embryonic and postembryonic development, of artificial feeds, and of the main lipid-containing components of artificial nutrient media have been investigated.     

Determination of fatty acid compositions by the direct transesterification of seed lipids

The possibility of using the direct alkaline transesterification of seed lipids for the express analysis of fatty acid compositions has been shown on 11 samples of plant seeds.Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, fax (3472) 35 60 66. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 172–175, March–April, 1998.     

Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of Echinodermata. I. ClassOphiuroidea

The phospholipid compositions of five species of marine ophiuroids belonging to the classOphiuroidea have been investigated. It has been shown that the phosphatidylethanolamines contain almost solely ether bonds in the first position of the glycerophospholipids. The amount of the plasmalogen form in the phosphatidylethanolamines averages 89.8% (82.3–96.2%) and the amount of the alkyl form 9.8% (3.8–17.7%). The compositions of the fatty acids, fatty aldehydes, and alkyl ethers in the two main classes of phospholipids — phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine — have been studied. The main acids found were eicosatetraenoic and eicosapentaenoic, the total amount of which was 53%. It has been shown that the ophiuroids can be used as promising objects for the investigation of the metabolism of alkoxylipids and for their preparative isolation.     

Phospholipid and fatty-acid compositions of higher fungi

The phospholipid and fatty-acid compositions of nine species of higher fungi have been investigated. In the various species studied the amount of total lipids ranged from 14 to 78 mg per gram dry weight. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were found as the main classes of phospholipids. In addition to these, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and lyso derivatives of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were also found. The main fatty acids were palmitic, oleic, and linoleic, their amount in some species reaching 90%; other acids were also found, but in small amounts.Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Tol'yatti. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 182–184, March–April, 1991.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of fatty acid compositions of platelet phospholipids as their 2-nitrophenylhydrazides.

A novel high-performance liquid chromatographic method for biologically important fatty acids incorporated into platelet phospholipids in esterified form has been developed. 2-Nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride was used as a pre-column labelling agent to convert the saponified platelet phospholipids directly into corresponding fatty acid hydrazides, without a complicated isolation procedure. Isocratic separation was achieved within only 36 min for twenty-five saturated and mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C8:0-C22:6), including cis and trans isomers, on a YMC-FA column. The analytical results showed good quantitative accuracy. Fatty acid compositions were determined in platelet phospholipids obtained from normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus. The method is simple, rapid and adequate for labelling esterified fatty acids in biological materials, and has several advantages with regard to resolution, analysis time and sensitivity over previously published methods.     

Simultaneous microchemical analysis of glycerol,fatty acid,and phosphorus in complex lipids

A single, small glycerol-containing lipid sample (50–200 nmoles) after a mild hydrolysis could be used for analysis of fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphorus. The range of the assays was from 10–500 nmoles for each lipid.     

Phospholipid and fatty acid composiiton of echinodermata. II. The class Asteroidea

The phospholipid composition of starfish belonging to the class Asteroidea has been investigated. It has been shown that starfish may be promising objects for the study of the metabolism of alkoxylipids and a source for the preparative isolation of these compounds.Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, USSR Academy of Sciences, Togliatti. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 353–357. May–June, 1988.     

Environmental control of lipids and fatty acid production in the diatomNavicula saprophila

The unique ability of microalgae to accumulate large amounts of lipids has led to an increase in the research on the cultivation of these organisms for the production of fuels. This paper describes the accumulation of cellular lipids by the diatom,Navicula saprophila, as a result of culture management strategies. The cells were grown in two different nutrient concentrations (nitrogen and silica) maintained at 20° and 30°C. The biomass, lipids, and fatty acids were measured. Biomass yield was higher in a nutrient (nitrogen/silica) nonstress treatment; however, the production of lipids was enhanced in a nutrient stress medium at 30 °C. The influence of the environmental conditions on the distribution of fatty acids was also observed.

     

Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of Echinodermata. I. ClassOphiuroidea

The phospholipid compositions of five species of marine ophiuroids belonging to the classOphiuroidea have been investigated. It has been shown that the phosphatidylethanolamines contain almost solely ether bonds in the first position of the glycerophospholipids. The amount of the plasmalogen form in the phosphatidylethanolamines averages 89.8% (82.3–96.2%) and the amount of the alkyl form 9.8% (3.8–17.7%). The compositions of the fatty acids, fatty aldehydes, and alkyl ethers in the two main classes of phospholipids — phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine — have been studied. The main acids found were eicosatetraenoic and eicosapentaenoic, the total amount of which was 53%. It has been shown that the ophiuroids can be used as promising objects for the investigation of the metabolism of alkoxylipids and for their preparative isolation.Volga Basin Ecological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Tol'yatti. Translated from Khimya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 547–551, September–October, 1986.     

Comparative investigation of the fatty acid compositions of the phospholipids of marine invertebrates

The fatty acid (FA) compositions of the phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) of the muscle tissues of 13 species from seven types of marine invertebrates have been studied. In the PCs and PEs of all the animals the main FAs were the 20:53, 20:46, 16:0, 18:1, and 18:0 acids, although the representatives of each type had their own specific features in their FA composition. The main FAs in the PCs and PEs in the majority of animals investigated coincided, although there were exceptions. The most promising sources for the directed isolation of PCs or PEs enriched with certain FAs have been determined. The highest level of polyenic FAs and the highest unsaturation index were found in representatives of theCoelenterata andEchinodermata (stars) types. It was shown that the amount of polyenic acids as a fraction of the sum of the acyl and alkenyl radicals in the majority of animals investigated was greater in the PCs than in PEs.Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Far Eastern State University, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 24–29, January–February, 1984.     

Analytical methods for studying the stability of pharmaceutical compositions and the compatibility of their components

A review of publications on studying the stability of pharmaceutical preparations and interactions of their components is presented. Volumetric and physical factors activating decomposition processes are considered. Specific features of mixture analysis by optical, chromatographic, and thermoanalytical methods are discussed together with the advantages and disadvantages of methods and possibilities of their combination.