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1.
The mechanism of the dehydration and condensation reaction taking place during calcination of Co1/2Ca1/2(H2PO4)2.2H2O has been followed by means of thermal analyses at non-isothermal (dynamic) and at quasi-isothermal-isobaric conditions. Isothermal calcination of starting binary dihydrogenphosphate was carried out in electric oven at various temperatures. The reaction intermediates and products obtained were analyzed by instrumental analytical methods and extraction experiments with solutions of inorganic compounds and with organic reagents. Effect of water vapour pressure has been followed on course, rate and yield of the condensation reactions and of the formation of main considered product-binary cyclo-tetraphosphate (tetrametaphosphate)c-CoCaP4O12.
Zusammenfassung Mittels Thermoanalyse bei nichtisothermen (dynamischen) und bei quasi-isotherman-isobaren Bedingungen wurde der Mechanismus der Dehydratations- und der Kondensationsreaction bei der Kalzinierung von Co1/2Ca1/2(H2PO4)2.2H2O untersucht. Die isotherme Kalzinierung des binären Dihydrogenphosphates als Ausgangsstoff wurde in einem Elektroofen bei verschiedenen Temperaturen durchgefürt. Zwischen- und Endprodukte der Reaktion wurden durch instrumentelle analytische Methoden und durch Extraktionsexperimente mit Lösungen von anorganischen Verbindungen und mit organischen Reagenzien analysiert. Es wurde weiterhin der Einfluß des Wasserdampfdruckes auf Weg, Geschwindigkeit und Ausbeute der Kondensationsreaktionen und auf die Bildung des Hauptproduktes (binäres Cyclotetraphosphat (Tetramethaphosphat)c-CoCaP4O12) untersucht.
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2.
The dehydration and condensation reactions taking place during the calcination of Mn1/2Ca1/2(H2PO4)2.2H2O has been followed by means of thermal analyses under quasi-isothermal-isobaric conditions. Isothermal calcination of starting binary dihydrogenphosphate has been also carried out in an electric oven at various temperatures. The reaction products obtained were analyzed by chromatography, IR-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electron microscopy. The compositions of the calcinates were determined through extraction. The effect of the partial pressure of water vapour has been followed on course, of the condensation reactions and of the formation of the main product: binary cyclotetraphosphate (tetrametaphosphate) MnCaP4O12.
Zusammenfassung Dehydratations- und Kondensationsreaktion während der Kalzinierung von Mn1/2Ca1/2(H2PO4)2.2H2O wurden unter quasi-isothermen-isobaren Bedingungen mittels Thermoanalyse untersucht. Die isotherme Kalzinierung der binären Dihydrogenphosphat-Ausgangssubstanz wurde bei verschiedenen Temperaturen auch in einem Elektroofen durchgefährt. Erhaltene Reaktionsprodukte wurden mittels Chromatographie, IR-Spektroskopie, Röntgendiffraktionsanalyse und Elektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Die Zusammensetzung der Kalzinierungsprodukte wurde über Auslaugen bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde der Einfluß des partiellen Druckes von Wasser auf den Verlauf der Kondensationsreaktionen und die Bildung des Hauptproduktes {binäres Cyclotetraphosphat (Tetramethaphosphat) MnCaP4O12} untersucht.
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3.
The thermal dehydration of mixtures of Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O with silicic acid and glauconite was studied by thermal (under dynamic and quasi-isothermal-quasi-isobaric conditions), X-ray and Chromatographic analyses.It was found that the dehydration of Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O is accelerated in the mixtures. SiO2·nH2O and glauconite react with the intermediates of dehydration of Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, and silicophosphates and Al, K, Fe-phosphates are formed, respectively. The total degree of polymerization of calcium polyphosphates is lower in the mixtures than in Ca(PO3)2 itself.
Zusammenfassung Mittels röntgenographischer, chromatographischer und thermischer (unter dynamischen und quasi-isothermen-quasi-isobaren Bedingungen) Analyse wurde die thermische Dehydratation eines Gemisches aus Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, KieselsÄure und Glaukonit untersucht.Es wurde festgestellt, da\ die Dehydratation von Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O im Gemisch beschleunigt ablÄuft. SiO2·nH2O und Glaukonit reagieren mit den Zwischenprodukten der Dehydratation von Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O und formen Silikophosphate und Al,K,Fe-Phosphate. Der totale Polymerisationsgrad von Calciumpolyphosphat ist im Gemisch geringer als in Ca(PO3)2 selbst.
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4.
Five organic-inorganic hybrid gallium oxalate-phosphates, [Ga2(PO4)2(H2O)(C2O4)0.5](C3N2H12)0.5(H2O) (1), [Ga2(PO4)2(C2O4)0.5](C2N2H10)0.5(H2O) (2), [Ga2(PO4)2(C2O4)0.5](C3N2H12)0.5 (3), [Ga2(PO4)2(H2PO4)0.5(C2O4)0.5](C4N3H16)0.5 (H2O)1.5 (4) and [Ga2.5(PO4)2.5(H2O)1.5(C2O4)0.5](C4N3H15)0.5 (5), have been synthesized by using 1,3-diaminopropane, ethylenediamine and diethylene triamine as structure-directing agents under hydrothermal condition. The structures of 1-5 are based on Ga4(PO4)4(C2O4) building unit made up from Ga2O8(C2O4) oxalate-bridging dimer and alternating PO4 and GaO4 tetrahedral units. Compound 1 is layered structure where the building units link together in the same orientation. Corner sharing of these similar layers result in three-dimensional (3-D) structure 2. However, in compound 3, the building units arrange in a wave-like way to generate two types of eight member ring (8MR) channels. Both 4 and 5 contain the layers where the building units have an opposite orientation. Those layers are linked by H2PO4 group and Ga(PO4)(H2O)3 cluster, respectively, to form 3-D frameworks with 12MR large pore channels. Compounds 2-5 exhibit intersecting 3-D channels where the protoned amines are located.  相似文献   

5.
The compounds TlLn(SO4)2·2H2OLn=La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Tl[Ln(SO4)2(H2O)3]·H2OLn=Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb have been isolated from aqueous solutions of the corresponding sulfates. The dihydrates are all isomorphous and crystallize monoclinic, space groupP21/n,Z=4. The compounds which belong to the second type are also isomorphous and crystallize in monoclinic space groupP 21/c withZ=4.The dehydration has been studied by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and isothermal weight change determination. The dihydrates dehydrate in a single step. For the tetrahydrates the reaction is more complex, however no intermediate phases could be isolated.The unit cell parameters, the dehydration temperatures and the dehydration enthalpies are correlated to the ionic radii ofLn 3+.
Synthese und Charakterisierung von TlLn(SO4)2·xH2O (Ln=La-Tb)
Zusammenfassung Die Verbindungen TlLn(SO4)2·2H2OLn=La, Ce, Pr, Nd und Tl[Ln(SO4)2(H2O)3]·H2OLn=Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb wurden aus wäßrigen Lösungen der entsprechenden Sulfate isoliert. Die Dihydrate sind alle isomorph und kristallisieren monoklin, RaumgruppeP 21/n,Z=4. Die Verbindungen des zweiten Typs sind auch isomorph und kristallisieren in der monoklinen RaumgruppeP 21/c mitZ=4.Die Dehydration wurde mit TG, DSC und dem isothermalen Gewichtsverlust untersucht. Die Entwässerung der Dihydrate verläuft in einer Stufe, die von Tetrahydraten aber in mehreren Stufen mit keiner isolierbaren Zwischenphase.Die Gitterkonstanten, die Dehydratations-Temperaturen und -Enthalpien wurden mit den Ionenradien vonLn 3+ korreliert.
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6.
Caesium manganese hexahydrate phosphate, CsMn(H2O)6(PO4), was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Its crystal structure was determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. The novel phase crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63mc and represents the first manganese member in the struvite morphotropic series, AM(H2O)6(TO4). Its crystal structure is built from Mn(H2O)6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra linked into a framework via hydrogen bonding. The large Cs atoms are encapsulated in the framework cuboctahedral cavities. It is shown that the size of the A+ ionic radius within the morphotropic series AM(H2O)6(XO4) results is certain types of crystal structures and affects the values of the unit‐cell parameters. Structural relationships with Na(H2O)Mg(H2O)6(PO4) and the mineral hazenite, KNa(H2O)2Mg2(H2O)12(PO4)2, are discussed.  相似文献   

7.
Zusammenfassung Es wird die Herstellung der Verbindungen Sr2(MnO4)OH und Sr2(MnO4)OH·2H2O beschrieben. Die Gitterkonstanten wurden aus den entsprechenden Pulverdiagrammen berechnet. Die Infrarotabsorptions-und die Reflexionsspektren im Sichtbaren sowie das magnetische und thermische Verhalten wurden untersucht und kurz besprochen.
Preparation and properties of the compounds Sr2(MnO4)OH and Sr2(MnO4)OH·2H2O
Methods for preparation of the anhydrous compound formulated as Sr2(MnO4)OH and of its dihydrate are described. Unit cell parameters, which are the same for both substances, have been calculated from X-ray powder diagramms. Infrared absorption and visible reflectance spectra as well as the magnetic and thermal properties are also reported and briefly discussed.


Mit 4 Abbildung  相似文献   

8.
Zusammenfassung Schwerlösliche Salze (z. B. viele Hydroxide, Sulfide, Phosphate) liegen in der Fällungsform als äußerst feindisperse, kolloide Anteile mit meist nicht stöchiometrischer Zusammensetzung vor. Das Löslichkeitsverhalten der Substanzen weicht unter diesen Bedingungen von dem der kristallisierten Formen ab. Die hierbei auftretenden Reaktionstypen und die bisher bekannten quantitativen Beziehungen werden an Ca5(PO4)3OH und Ca4H(PO4)3·2H2O diskutiert.
Precipitations of salts of low solubility (hydroxides, sulfides, phosphates) have primary the form of extremely fine colloidal dispersions, usually not of stoichiometric composition. The solubility behaviour of substances under these conditions is different from the behaviour of the crystalline phases. Thereby occurring types of reactions and already known quantitative relations are beeing discussed, using Ca5(PO4)3OH and Ca4H(PO4)3·2 H2O as examples.


Mit 18 Abbildungen

Unter Mitarbeit vonHelga Schmidt. Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg. Anschrift des Verfassers: Priv.-Doz. Dr.Heinrich Newesely, Forschungsgruppe für Mikromorphologie im Fritz-Haber-Institut (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft), 1 Berlin 33, Dahlem, Faradayweg 16.  相似文献   

9.
The dehydration of Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O was examined with simultaneous DTA and TG. This dehydration permitted clearly the apparation of the following phases: Ca(H2PO4)2·0.5H2O, Ca(H2PO4)2, Ca3(HP2O7)2, Ca2HP3O10 et Ca(PO3)2. The reaction of Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O and CaSO4 was also examined with the same technics. It was found that the decomposition of CaSO4 takes place for relatively low temperature (between 600°C and 800°C).  相似文献   

10.
New continuous substitutional solid solutions Mg1−x Ni x (H2PO4)2 · 2H2O, Mn1−x Ni x (H2PO4)2 · 2H2O, Co1−x Ni x (H2PO4)2 · 2H2O, and Zn1−x Ni x (H2PO4)2 · 2H2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.00) crystallizing in monoclinic space group P21/n have been synthesized. Their end-member is Ni(H2PO4)2 · 2H2O. Ni(H2PO4)2 · 2H2O is isostructural to magnesium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, and cadmium dihydrogenphosphates. The chemical composition and the unit cell parameters have been determined for the solid solutions. Their IR spectra have been measured. Original Russian Text ? V.N. Viter, P.G. Nagornyi, 2007, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2007, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 19–25.  相似文献   

11.
Crystals of PbCu3(OH)(NO3)(SeO3)3·1/2H2O [a=7.761(3)Å,b=9.478(4)Å,c=9.514(4)Å, =66.94(2)°, =69.83(2)°, =81.83(2)°, space group P ,Z=2] and Pb2Cu3O2(NO3)2(SeO3)2 [a=5.884(2)Å,b=12.186(3)Å,c=19.371(4)Å, space group Cmc21,Z=4] were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Their crystal structures were refined with three-dimensional X-ray data toR w=0.033 resp. 0.055. In PbCu3(OH)(NO3)(SeO3)3·1/2H2O the Cu atoms are [4+1] and [4+2] coordinated and via SeO3 groups a three-dimensional atomic arrangement is built up. In Pb2Cu3O2(NO3)2(SeO3)2 there are sheets, which are connected only via Pb-O bonds ranging from 2.98 Å to 3.16 Å.
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12.
Reaction of MnSO4 · H2O, 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy), suberic acid and Na2CO3 in CH3OH/H2O yielded a mixture of [Mn2(H2O)4(bpy)2(C8H12O4)2] · 2 H2O ( 1 ) and [Mn(H2O)2‐ (bpy)(C8H12O4)2/2] · H2O ( 2 ). In both complexes, the Mn atoms are octahedrally coordinated by two N atoms of one bpy ligand and four O atoms of two trans positioned H2O molecules and two suberato ligands (d(Mn–O) = 2.107–2.328 Å; d(Mn–N) = 2.250–2.330 Å). The bis‐monodentate suberato ligands bridge Mn atoms to form dinuclear [Mn2(H2O)4(bpy)2(C8H12O4)2] complex molecules in 1 and 1D [Mn(H2O)2(bpy)(C8H12O4)2/2] chains in 2 . Via the intermolecular hydrogen bondings and π‐π stacking interactions, the dinuclear molecules in 1 are assembled into 2D networks parallel to (100), between which the crystal H2O molecules are sandwiched. The polymeric chains in 2 are linked together by interchain hydrogen bonding and π‐π stacking interactions into 3D networks with the crystal H2O molecules located in tunnels along [010]. Crystal data for 1 : P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.092(1) Å, b = 11.916(2) Å, c = 17.296(2) Å, β = 93.41(1)° and Z = 2. Crystal data for 2 : P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.176(2) Å, b = 9.688(1) Å, c = 37.842(6) Å, β = 90.06(1)° and Z = 8.  相似文献   

13.
Zusammenfassung Die Oxide der Lanthanide und des Yttriums lösen sich beim Erhitzen in methanol. Ammoniumacetatlösungen. Aus den Lösungen konnten Verbindungen vom TypLn(OAc)3·3 NH4 OAc· ·1 H2O (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho) bzw. Ln(OAc)3 1 NH4OAc 1 H2O (Ln=Er, Yb, Y) isoliert werden.Die höheren Oxide PrO1,83 und TbO1,75 lösen sich nur unvollständig unter Valenzdisproportionierung. Der Löserückstand besteht aus PrO2 bzw. TbO2.
The oxides of the lanthanides and yttrium are dissolved in the heat by methanolic ammonium acetate solutions. From the obtained solutions compounds of the typeLn(OAc)3·3 NH4 OAc· ·1 H2O (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho) andLn(OAc)3·1 NH4OAc·1 H2O (Ln=Er, Yb, Y), respectively, could be isolated.The higher oxides PrO1,83 and TbO1,75 react incompletely and disproportionation of valence is observed. The residues consist of PrO2 and TbO2, respectively. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A3615112 00028
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14.
The conditions of thermal decomposition of thep-aminosalicylates of Y, La and the lanthanides from Ce(III) to Lu have been studied. On heating, the hydrated complexes of La and the light lanthanides decompose to the oxides with the intermediate formation of Ln2[H2N·C6H3(O)COO]3. Only the complex of La decomposes to La2O3 through La2[H2N·C6H3(O)COO]3 and La2O2CO3. The anhydrous complexes of the heavy lanthanides decompose directly to the oxides, whereas the anhydrous complex of Y decomposes to Y2O3 via Y2[H2N·C6H3(O)COO]3 formation. During heating, the hydrated complexes lose crystallization water and decompose simultaneously, and the endothermic effect of dehydration is masked by the strong exothermic effect of burning of the organic ligand.
Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Bedingungen für die thermische Zersetzung derp-Aminosalicylate von Y, La und der Lanthanoide von Ce(III) bis Lu untersucht. Beim Erhitzen zersetzen sich die hydratierten Komplexe von La und der leichteren Lanthanoide unter Bildung des Zwischenproduktes Ln2[H2NC6H3(O)COO]3 in ihre Oxide. Nur der Komplex mit La zersetzt sich zu La2O3 über die Zwischenstufen La2[H2NC6H3(O)COO]3 und La2O2CO3. Die wasserfreien Komplexe der schweren Lanthanoide zersetzen sich direkt in die Oxide, wÄhrend sich der wasserfreie Komplex von Y über die Bildung von y2[H2NC6H3(O)COO]3 in y2O3 zersetzt. Beim Erhitzen verlieren die hydratierten Komplexe ihr Kristallwasser und zersetzen sich gleichzeitig, der endotherme Effekt der Dehydratation wird durch den starken exothermen Effekt der Verbrennung der organischen Liganden überdeckt.
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15.
The Mx Hy (A O4)z acid salts (M = Cs, Rb, K, Na, Li, NH4; A = S, Se, As, P) exhibit ferroelectric properties. The solid acids have low conductivity values and are of interest with regard to their thermal properties and proton conductivity. The crystal structure of caesium dihydrogen orthophosphate monohydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate, Cs3(H1.5PO4)2·2H2O, has been solved. The compound crystallizes in the space group Pbca and forms a structure with strong hydrogen bonds connecting phosphate tetrahedra that agrees well with the IR spectra. The dehydration of Cs3(H1.5PO4)2·2H2O with the loss of two water molecules occurs at 348–433 K. Anhydrous Cs3(H1.5PO4)2 is stable up to 548 K and is then converted completely into caesium pyrophosphate (Cs4P2O7) and CsPO3. Anhydrous Cs3(H1.5PO4)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C 2 space group, with the unit‐cell parameters a = 11.1693 (4), b = 6.4682 (2), c = 7.7442 (3) Å and β = 71.822 (2)°. The conductivities of both compounds have been measured. In contrast to crystal hydrate Cs3(H1.5PO4)2·2H2O, the dehydrated form has rather low conductivity values of ∼6 × 10−6–10−8 S cm−1 at 373–493 K, with an activation energy of 0.91 eV.  相似文献   

16.
Two new compounds, (H2en)3(H2enMe)4(H3O){CuI[MoV 6O12(OH)3(HPO4)(PO4)3]2}?·?6H2O (1) and (H2enMe)4{CuICuII[MoV 6O12(OH)3(PO4)(HPO4)2(H2PO4)]2}?·?3H2O (2), were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGA, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystallographic analysis reveals that 1 is constructed from cluster anions {CuI[MoV 6O12(OH)3(HPO4)(PO4)3]2}15?, protonated organic amines, and water molecules. Each cluster is bridged through hydrogen bonds to form a 3-D supermolecular structure. For 2, {CuI[MoV 6O12(OH)3(PO4)(HPO4)2(H2PO4)]2}11? are connected by CuII cations to form an infinite chain. The formation of 1 and 2 reveals that organoamines influence the structures of the crystals.  相似文献   

17.
The reaction of CuCl2 · 2 H2O, 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), suberic acid and Na2CO3 in a CH3CN–H2O solution yielded blue needle‐like crystals of [Cu2(phen)2(C8H12O4)2] · 3 H2O. The crystal structure (monoclinic, P21/n, a = 10.756(2) Å, b = 9.790(2) Å, c = 18.593(4) Å, β = 91.15(3)°, Z = 2, R = 0.043, wR2 = 0.1238) consists of suberato‐bridged [Cu2(phen)2(C8H12O4)4/2] layers and hydrogen bonded H2O molecules. The Cu atoms are coordinated by two N atoms from one bidentate chelating phen ligand and three carboxyl O atoms from different suberato ligands to form distorted [CuN2O3] square‐pyramids with one carboxyl O atom at the apical position (d(Cu–N) = 2.017(2), 2.043(3) Å, basal d(Cu–O) = 1.936(2), 1.951(2) Å and axial d(Cu–O) = 2.389(2) Å). Two [CuN2O3] square‐pyramids are condensed via a common O–O edge to a centrosymmetric [Cu2N4O4] dimer with the Cu…Cu distance of 3.406(1) Å indicating no interaction between Cu atoms. The resultant [Cu2N4O4] dimers are interlinked by the tridentate suberato ligands to form [Cu2(phen)2(C8H12O4)4/2] layers parallel to (101). These are assembled via π‐π stacking interactions into 3D network with H2O molecules in the tunnels extending in the [010] direction.  相似文献   

18.
Summary The paper presents data on the solubility of La, Ce, Pr, Nd sulfates in the polycomponent system La2(SO4)3·8H2O-Ce2(SO4)3·8H2O-Pr2(SO4)3·8H2O-Nd2(SO4)3· 8H2O-H2SO4-H2O (at 25°C and 64°C) as well as in the same polycomponent system but in the presence of CaSO4·2H2O. The solubility of the sulfates — ocathydrates of Pr at 25°C and 64°C and of La and Ce at 64°C in tricomponent systemLn 2(SO4)3·8H2O-H2SO4-H2O are also reported.
Löslichkeit einiger Lanthanidsulfate in Mehrkomponenten-Systemen mit H2SO4
Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit präsentiert Daten für die Löslichkeit von La-, Ce-, Pr- und Nd-Sulfaten in den Vielkomponenten-Systemen La2(SO4)3·8H2O-Ce2(SO4)3·8H2O-Pr2(SO4)3·8H2O-Nd2(SO4)3· 8H2O-H2SO4-H2O (bei 25°C und 64°C) sowie in den gleichen Systemen, jedoch in Anwesenheit von CaSO4·2H2O. Über die Löslichkeit von Sulfatoctahydraten von Pr bei 25°C und 64°C und von La und Ce bei 64°C in den Dreikomponenten-SystemenLn 2(SO4)3·8H2O-H2SO4-H2O wird auch berichtet.
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19.
The values of the kinetic parametersE andA were determined by Kissinger's method on the basis of the DTA, DTG and DSC curves of particular stages of the thermal decomposition of [Co(NH3)6]2(C2O4)3· 4H2O in air and argon atmospheres. It is shown that the use of Kissinger's method for different kinds of experimental curves (DTA, DSC, DTG) leads to close results.
Zusammenfassung Für verschiedene Schritte der thermischen Zersetzung von [Co(NH3)6]2(C2O4)3· 4H2O in Luft bzw. Argon wurden nach dem Kissinger-Verfahren auf der Basis von DTA-, DTG- und DSC-Kurven Werte für die kinetischen ParameterE undA ermittelt. Es wurde gezeigt, daß das Kissinger-Verfahren für die verschiedenen Arten von experimentellen Kurven (DTA, DSC, DTG) genaue Ergebnisse liefert.
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20.
In the title compound, disodium cobalt tetrakis­(dihydrogen­phosphate) tetrahydrate, the CoII ion lies on an inversion centre and is octahedrally surrounded by two water molecules and four H2PO4 groups to give a cobalt complex anion of the form [Co(H2PO4)4(OH2)]2?. The three‐dimensional framework results from hydrogen bonding between the anions. The relationship with the structures of Co(H2PO4)2·2H2O and K2CoP4O12·5H2O is discussed.  相似文献   

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