具有高离子识别能力的镉离子表面印迹材料的制备及其离子识别机理的研究

采用氨基-过硫酸盐氧化还原引发体系, 先实现了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)在微米级硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合, 制得高接枝度的接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO₂. 然后使接枝大分子PHEMA的侧羟基与5-氯-8-羟基喹啉(CHQ)发生亲核取代反应, 将8-羟基喹啉(HQ)基团键合在接枝大分子侧链, 使接枝大分子PHEMA实现8-羟基喹啉功能化转变, 制得表面含有高密度HQ基团的功能接枝微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO₂, 考察研究了功能微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO₂对Cd²⁺离子的强螯合吸附作用. 在此基础上, 采用本课题组建立的新的分子表面印迹技术, 以Cd²⁺离子为模板离子, 二氯乙醚为交联剂, 对接枝在硅胶表面的功能大分子链HQ-PHEMA进行了离子印迹, 制备了Cd²⁺离子表面印迹材料IIP-HQP/SiO₂, 深入考察研究了其离子识别与结合特性. 实验结果表明, 该离子表面印迹材料对Cd²⁺离子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性, 相对于Cu²⁺和Pb²⁺两种对比离子, 印迹材料IIP-HQP/SiO₂对Cd²⁺离子的识别选择性系数分别高达25.52和22.91, 显示出超高的离子识别能力.     

基于离子交换和表面引发接枝聚合制备阴离子表面印迹材料及其识别特性研究

建立了一种新的离子表面印迹(IIP)方法. 使用偶联剂γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AMPS)对微米级硅胶微粒进行表面改性, 制得表面含有氨基的改性硅胶AMPS-SiO₂. 凭借离子交换作用, 阳离子单体甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)结合在模板离子磷酸根周围; 改性硅胶AMPS-SiO₂表面的氨基与溶液中的过硫酸盐构成氧化还原引发体系, 使DMC及交联剂N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)在硅胶微粒表面发生接枝交联聚合, 从而实现了磷酸根离子的表面印迹, 制得了阴离子表面印迹材料IIP-PDMC/SiO₂. 采用静态与动态两种方法, 考察研究了IIP-PDMC/SiO₂对PO₄^3-离子的识别特性与结合性能. 研究结果表明, 离子表面印迹材料IIP-PDMC/SiO₂对PO₄^3-离子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性, 相对于对比离子高锰酸根离子, IIP-PDMC/SiO₂对PO₄^3-离子的识别选择性系数为9.58.     

新型表面分子印迹法制备苦参碱印迹材料及其分子识别特性

通过γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介, 将功能大分子聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)偶合接枝到硅胶微粒表面, 形成了接枝微粒PMAA/SiO₂, 采用本课题组建立的新型分子表面印迹技术, 以生物碱苦参碱(来源于苦豆子)为模板分子, 乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)为交联剂, 对接枝在硅胶表面的PMAA大分子链进行了分子印迹, 制备了苦参碱表面分子印迹材料MIP-PMAA/SiO₂. 以另一种生物碱金雀花碱(亦来源于苦豆子)为对比物, 采用静态与动态两种方法研究了MIP-PMAA/SiO₂对苦参碱的结合性能与分子识别特性. 实验结果表明, 印迹材料MIP-PMAA/SiO₂对苦参碱具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性, 相对于金雀花碱(与苦参碱共存于苦豆子植物中, 且结构彼此相似), 识别选择性系数为8.14. 此外, 印迹材料MIP-PMAA/SiO₂也具有良好的解吸性能, 以含氯化钠的乙酸水溶液作为洗脱液, 17个床体积内解吸率达到99.77%.     

采用新型分子表面印迹技术构建手性空穴实现对氨基酸对映体识别拆分的研究

通过γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介, 在溶液聚合体系中, 采用“接出”(“graft from”)法将功能单体甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)接枝于硅胶微粒表面, 制得了功能接枝微粒PDMAEMA/SiO₂, 采用本课题组建立的新型分子表面印迹技术, 以天冬氨酸(Asp)的一种对映体L-Asp为模板分子, 二氯乙醚为交联剂, 对接枝在硅胶表面的大分子PDMAEMA实施了分子印迹, 制备了L-Asp分子表面印迹材料MIP-PDMAEMA/SiO₂. 以天冬氨酸的另一种对映体D-Asp为对比物, 采用静态与动态两种方法深入研究了MIP-PDMAEMA/SiO₂对L-Asp分子的识别性能, 重点探索了采用分子表面印迹材料对氨基酸对映体进行拆分的可行性. 实验结果表明, 印迹材料MIP-PDMAEMA/SiO₂对模板分子L-Asp具有良好的识别选择性与结合亲和性, 相对于D-Asp, 识别选择性系数为3.24, 显示出良好的拆分性能. 此外, 印迹材料MIP-PDMAEMA/SiO₂也具有良好的解吸性能, 以稀NaOH水溶液作为洗脱液, 13个床体积内解吸率即可达到99.73%.     

硅胶表面铜(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚乙烯亚胺的制备及结合特性研究

通过γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介,将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)偶合接枝到硅胶微粒表面,形成了化学键联的复合材料PEI/SiO2;以Cu2+为模板离子,以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,通过配位键作用,对化学键合在硅胶表面的PEI大分子链进行了离子印迹,制备了复合型Cu2+印迹材料IIP-PEI/SiO2;采用静态与动态两种方法研究了IIP-PEI/SiO2对Cu2+的结合特性,并考察了主要印迹条件Cu2+浓度及环氧氯丙烷用量对印迹材料吸附性能的影响.结果表明,Cu2+印迹材料IIP-PEI/SiO2对Cu2+具有强的记忆识别能力,主要表现在两个方面,(1)对Cu2+的结合量大,IIP-PEI/SiO2对Cu2+的吸附容量比印迹前复合材料PEI/SiO2提高了近2倍;(2)对Cu2+的选择性高,相对于Cd2+,IIP-PEI/SiO2对Cu2+的选择性系数为83.79,相对于Zn2+,IIP-PEI/SiO2对Cu2+的选择性系数为80.21.另外印迹材料IIP-PEI/SiO2具有优良的洗脱与再生性能.     

表面引发接枝聚合法制备抗蚜威分子表面印迹材料及其分子识别与结合特性研究

基于表面引发接枝聚合,设计与建立了一种新的分子表面印迹(MIP)方法.先使用偶联剂γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AMPS)对微米级硅胶微粒进行表面改性,制得改性硅胶AMPS-SiO2;在酸性水溶液体系中,凭借强静电相互作用,阴离子单体对苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSSS)被结合在模板分子抗蚜威周围;改性硅胶AMPS-SiO2表面的氨基与溶液中的过硫酸盐构成氧化还原引发体系,在硅胶微粒表面产生自由基,引发结合在模板分子周围的SSS及交联剂甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)在硅胶微粒表面发生接枝交联聚合,从而实现了抗蚜威分子的表面印迹,制得了抗蚜威分子表面印迹材料MIP-PSSS/SiO2.以残杀威为对比物,采用静态与动态两种方法,考察研究了分子表面印迹材料MIP-PSSS/SiO2对抗蚜威的分子识别特性与结合性能.研究结果表明,印迹材料MIP-PSSS/SiO2对抗蚜威分子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性,相对于残杀威分子,MIP-PSSS/SiO2对抗蚜威分子的识别选择性系数为9.373,显示出高的分子识别选择性.     

表面印迹法制备钴(Ⅱ)离子印迹硅胶及性能

采用表面印迹技术, 以Co(Ⅱ)离子作为印迹离子, 二乙烯三胺基丙基三甲氧基硅烷为功能分子, 硅胶为支撑物, 环氧氯丙烷为交联剂, 在硅胶表面制备Co(Ⅱ)离子印迹硅胶材料, 利用红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和热重分析仪等进行了表征, 采用平衡吸附法研究了印迹硅胶材料的吸附性能和选择识别能力. 结果表明, 印迹硅胶材料和非印迹硅胶材料的最大吸附量分别为35.2和6.5 mg/g; 印迹硅胶材料对Co(Ⅱ)离子的吸附行为符合Langmuir模型; 20 min即可达到吸附平衡; 当pH=3.9~7.8时, 印迹硅胶材料保持了较好的吸附容量; 印迹硅胶材料对Co(Ⅱ)离子具有较强的选择性识别能力; 重复使用时性能稳定.     

咖啡因替代物(茶碱)分子表面印迹材料的制备及其分子识别特性研究

采用巯基-过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)氧化还原引发体系,先实现了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)在微米级硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合,制得接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2.使接枝大分子PGMA的环氧基团与5-氨基水杨酸(ASA)发生开环反应,将水杨酸基团键合在接枝大分子侧链,制得功能接枝微粒SA-PGMA/SiO2,并对其化学结构与表面电性能进行了表征.考察研究了功能微粒SA-PGMA/SiO2与咖啡因替代物茶碱分子之间的相互作用力.研究表明,微粒SA-PGMA/SiO2与茶碱分子之间存在有强的次价键力(静电和氢键相互作用).在此基础上,采用本课题组建立的新型分子表面印迹技术,以咖啡因替代物茶碱为模板分子,乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)为交联剂,对接枝在硅胶表面的功能大分子链SA-PGMA进行了交联印迹,制备了茶碱分子表面印迹材料MIP-SAP/SiO2,深入考察研究了其分子识别特性.实验结果表明,相对于两种对照物甘油茶碱和苦参碱,印迹材料MIP-SAP/SiO2对茶碱分子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性,相对于甘油茶碱,印迹材料对茶碱的识别选择性系数为7.72.     

生物碱分子表面印迹聚合物材料的设计与制备及其分子识别特性

采用巯基/偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)表面引发体系,实现了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)在微米级硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合,制得接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2;然后使接枝大分子PGMA的环氧基团与间二氨基苯磺酸钠(SAS)分子中的对位氨基发生开环反应,将苯磺酸钠基团键合在接枝大分子侧链,制得苯磺酸盐功能化的接枝微粒SAS-PGMA/SiO2。 在对功能微粒SAS-PGMA/SiO2与苦参碱分子间的相互作用进行考察研究的基础上,以戊二醛为交联剂,实施了苦参碱分子的表面印迹,制备了苦参碱分子表面印迹材料MIP-SASP/SiO2。 实验结果表明,在近中性溶液中,功能接枝微粒SAS-PGMA/SiO2与苦参碱分子间存在静电相互作用,以此为基础所设计与制备的表面印迹材料MIP-SASP/SiO2对苦参碱分子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性。 相对于对照物金雀化碱而言,该印迹材料对苦参碱的识别选择性系数为10.7。     

硅胶表面抗蚜威分子印迹聚甲基丙烯酸的制备及识别特性

通过γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介作用,将功能大分子聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)逐步接枝到硅胶微粒表面,形成了表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸的硅胶微粒(PMAA/SiO2);以抗蚜威为模板分子、乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)为交联剂,通过氢键和静电作用,对接枝到硅胶表面的PMAA进行分子印迹,制备了抗蚜威分子表面印迹材料硅胶表面分子印迹聚甲基丙烯酸MIP-PMAA/SiO2;采用静态与动态两种方法研究了 MIP-PMAA/SiO2 对抗蚜威的结合特性,并考察了主要印迹条件 pH、混合溶剂中乙醇含量以及交联剂用量对印迹材料结合选择性能的影响.结果表明:表面印迹材料 MIP-PMAA/SiO2对抗蚜威具有特异的结合选择性,相对于参比物残杀威,印迹前 PMAA/SiO2对抗蚜威的吸附选择系数为 1.52,而表面印迹材料 MIP-PMAA/SiO2 对抗蚜威的吸附选择系数提高到 12.2.另外该印迹材料具有优良的洗脱与再生性能.     

All-solid-state Cr(III)-selective potentiometric sensor based on Cr(III)-imprinted polymer nanomaterial/MWCNTs/carbon nanocomposite electrode

A novel potentiometric sensor, based on carbon paste electrode (CPE), modified with ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), is introduced for detection of chromium (III). The IIP nanomaterial was synthesised and characterised by using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared. The modification of the CPE with the IIP (as a ionophore) resulted in an all-solid-state Cr(III)-selective sensor. However, the presence of appropriate amount of MWCNTs in the electrode composition was found to be necessary to observe Nernstian response. The optimised electrode composition was 76.7% graphite, 14.3% binder, 5% IIP, and 4% CNT. The proposed sensor exhibited Nernstian slope of 20.2 ± 0.2 mV decade^?1 in the working concentration range of 1.0 × 10^?6?1.0 × 10^?1 mol L^?1 (52 µg L^?1–5.2 g L^?1), with a detection limit of 5.9 × 10^?7 mol L^?1 (30.68 µg L^?1) and a fast response time of less than 40 s. It displayed a stable potential response in the pH range of 2–5. It exhibited also high selectivity over some interfering ions. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of Cr(III) in real samples (sea, river water and soil).     

离子印迹材料的发展及在识别吸附重金属中的应用

金属离子的识别和选择性研究仍是当前水体金属离子污染分析中一大挑战。离子印迹材料具有制备简单、结构稳定、识别性强、吸附速率快、吸附容量大和易回收等特点,在离子分离、富集和传感识别等领域受到广泛的关注。在过去的研究中,有两方面重点内容始终贯穿离子印迹材料的发展历程。一是印迹材料的制备过程的优化,二是识别性能以及识别机理的研究。本文按照时间轴的顺序对离子印迹材料的发展进行综述,并重点归纳了制备过程和识别机理的研究进展。另外对现阶段离子印迹材料在识别吸附重金属中的应用进行了总结和展望。     

Influence of binary/ternary complex of imprint ion on the preconcentration of uranium(VI) using ion imprinted polymer materials

Ion imprinted polymer (IIP) materials were prepared for uranyl ion (imprint ion) by forming binary (5,7-dichloroquinoline-8-ol (DCQ) or 4-vinylpyridine (VP)) or ternary (5,7-dichloroquinoline-8-ol and 4-vinylpyridine) complexes in 2-methoxy ethanol (porogen) and copolymerizing in the presence of styrene and divinyl benzene as functional and crosslinking monomers, respectively and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. IIP particles were obtained by leaching the imprint ion in these polymer materials with 50% (v/v) hydrochloric acid, filtering, drying in an oven at 50 °C and grinding. Control polymer particles were also prepared under identical conditions. The above synthesized polymer particles were characterized by IR, CHN, X-ray diffraction, and pore size analyses. These leached polymer particles can now pick up uranyl ions from dilute aqueous solutions. The IIP particles obtained with ternary complex of uranyl ion alone gave quantitative enrichment of traces of uranyl ions from dilute aqueous solutions. The optimal pH for quantitative enrichment is 4.5-7.5 and eluted completely with 10 ml of 1.0 M HCl. The retention capacity of uranyl IIP particles was found to be 34.05 mg of uranyl ion per gram of polymer. Further, the percent extraction, distribution ratio, and selectivity coefficients of uranium and other selected inorganic ions were also evaluated. Five replicate determinations of 25 μg of uranium present in 1.0 l of aqueous solution gave a mean absorbance of 0.036 with a relative standard deviation of 2.50%. The detection limit corresponding to three times the standard deviation of the blank was found to be 5 μg l⁻¹.     

Ion imprinted polymer particles: synthesis, characterization and dysprosium ion uptake properties suitable for analytical applications

Dysprosium(III) ion imprinted polymer particles were prepared by the copolymerization of styrene monomers and a crosslinking agent divinylbenzene in the presence of dysprosium(III)-5,7-dichloroquinoline-8-ol-4-vinyl pyridine ternary complex wherein dysprosium(III) ion is the imprint ion and is used to form the imprinted polymer. The dysprosium(III) ion was removed from polymer particles by leaching with 1:1 HCl which leaves a cavity in the polymer particles. The polymer particles both prior to and after leaching have been characterized by IR, TGA, DTA and XRD studies. The leached particles selectively preconcentrated dysprosium ion from dilute aqueous solutions as determined spectrophotometrically using Arsenazo-I as reagent. The optimum pH value for quantitative enrichment is 6-9 and desorption can be achieved by using 25 ml of 1 mol/l of HCl. The retention capacity of the polymer particles was found to be 40.15 mg/g, which is much higher than MIPs prepared by other imprinting techniques. The dysprosium ion imprinting polymer gave 40 times higher distribution ratio for dysprosium ion compared to blank polymer. More significantly the selectivity coefficients of dysprosium compared to other lanthanides results in enhancement by 60-180-fold. The separation factors with respect to other selected lanthanides were also compared with liquid-liquid extractive separation using di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as extractant. The selectivity of dysprosium ion imprinting polymer (IIP) particles for dysprosium over yttrium is much higher and comparable in case of Nd and Lu when compared to conventional extractant such as D2EHPA in liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Five replicate determinations of 50 μg of dysprosium present in 250 ml of sample gave a mean absorbance of 0.150 with a relative standard deviation of 2.42%. The detection limit corresponding to three times the standard deviation of the blank was found to be 2 μg/250 ml.     

Study on the adsorption of lanthanum ion imprinted on SBA-15/Y

The lanthanum ion imprinted polymer (La-IIP/SBA-15/Y) was successfully synthesized by the surface ion imprinting method. Using La-IIP/SBA-15/Y as the adsorbent to adsorb lanthanum ions, the overall empirical conditions were optimized, and the best exploratory conditions were finally found. The pH of the solution was 2; the adsorption equilibrium was reached in 60 min and the saturated adsorption capacity was 562.95 mg/g La-IIP/SBA-15/Y adsorbed gadolinium ions in the study of its adsorption process and found that it conforms to the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model, and the adsorption reaction is a spontaneous reaction, and it also conforms to the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The selectivity of the adsorbent was explored experimentally, and the results showed that La-IIP/SBA-15/Y has good selectivity, and experimental elution and regeneration performance. The best elution effect is 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid. La-IIP/SBA-15/Y has good stability and can be reused.     

Hierarchically imprinted organic-inorganic hybrid sorbent for selective separation of mercury ion from aqueous solution

A new type of hierarchically organic-inorganic hybrid sorbent was prepared by a double-imprinting approach for the selective separation of Hg(II) from aqueous solution. In the imprinting process, both mercury ions and surfactant micelles (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) were used as templates, N-[3-(trimethoxy-silyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (TPED) as functional monomer, and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as cross-linking agent. The mercury ions and surfactant were removed from sorbent via acid leaching and ethanol extraction, respectively. The adsorption property and selective recognition ability of the sorbents were studied by equilibrium-adsorption method. Results showed that in the presence of Cu(II) or Cd(II) the biggest selectivity coefficient of the imprinted sorbents for Hg(II) was over 100, which is much higher than those of non-imprinted sorbents. The largest relative selectivity coefficient (k′) of the ion-imprinted functionalized sorbent between Hg(II) and Cu(II) was over 300, and between Hg(II) and Cd(II) over 200. The uptake capacities and the selectivity coefficients of the hierarchically imprinted sorbent were much higher than those of the sorbent prepared without CTAB template. Furthermore, the new imprinted sorbent possessed a fast kinetics for the removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution with the saturation time less than 5 min, and could be used repeatedly. This sorbent has been successfully applied to the separation and determination of the trace Hg(II) in real water samples and those spiked with standards. This new sorbent can be used as an effective solid-phase extraction material for the selective preconcentration and separation of Hg(II) in environmental samples.     

硅基分子印迹技术制备铜离子选择电极

以3-（2-氧基乙基氨基）丽基三甲氧基硅烷作为功能分子,铜离子为模板,将分子印迹技术与溶胶凝胶技术相结合,制备了铜离子选择电极,探讨了电极的响应机理．该电极对铜离子有较好的能斯特响应特性,其线性响应范围为5．00×10^-2～3．98×10^-6mol·L^-1,斜率为31．5mV／pC（-logc）,检出限为1．00×10^-6mol·L^-1．同时该电极显示了较好的选择性,重现性和稳定性．     

反相悬浮聚合法制备硫氰酸根阴离子印迹微球及其离子识别性质

利用反相悬浮聚合法, 成功制备了微米级硫氰酸根(SCN^-)阴离子印迹微球。 以溶有分散剂Span-60的环已烷为分散介质, 以溶有模板阴离子SCN^-、阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)及交联剂N, N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)的水溶液为分散相, 构成反相悬浮聚合体系, 在水相液滴中使DAC发生交联聚合, 成功制备了粒径约为200 μm的离子印迹微球(IIPMs)。 以同为一价阴离子的NO₃^-和I^-为对比离子, 深入考察研究了该离子印迹微球的离子识别与结合特性。 研究结果表明, 凭借强静电相互作用, 在水相液滴中, 阳离子单体DAC与模板阴离子SCN^-紧密相结合, 故在DAC交联聚合的同时, 实现了阴离子SCN^-的印迹。 所制备的阴离子印迹微球IIPMs对模板阴离子SCN^-具有很高的结合能力(结合容量为3.3 mmol/g(192 mg/g))和特异的识别选择性。 该印迹微球可选择性地识别与结合离子混合溶液中的SCN^-离子, 相对于NO₃^-和I^-阴离子, IIPMs对SCN^-阴离子的选择性系数分别为3.24和6.78。 该印迹微球还具有优良的重复使用性能。     

双重印迹法制备汞离子印迹聚合物及其性能研究

采用双重印迹法,以N-3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基乙二胺为功能单体,四乙氧基硅烷为交联剂,表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)和Hg2+为模板,合成出Hg2+印迹聚合物.聚合物中的表面活性剂和Hg2+分别由乙醇萃取和HCl洗涤除去,利用平衡吸附法研究了聚合物的吸附性能和选择识别能力,且探讨了实验条件对印迹聚合物吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在竞争离子Cu2+(或Cd2+) 存在下,印迹聚合物具有较高的吸附能力和选择识别能力,最大相对选择系数k′>200,且可以循环使用.     

Carbon nanotube-based ion imprinted polymer as electrochemical sensor and sorbent for Zn(II) ion from paint industry wastewater

A novel technique was presented to embed Zn(II) ion imprinted and nonimprinted polymers using various approaches for its sensing and sorption. Ion imprinted and nonimprinted polymers were fabricated by layering on MWCNTs or by bulk imprinting and characterized. Here Zn(II) ion was template, acrylic acid as monomer and N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinker. The electrochemical performance of electrode modified with imprinted and nonimprinted polymers were scrutinized and optimized with cyclic voltammetry (CV). The limit of detection for Zn(II) ion was found to be 1.32?×?10^?4?µM by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The applicability of the system was checked with paint industry wastewater.