MBE生长ZnO薄膜的结构和光学特性的研究

用等离子体源辅助分子束外延(P-MBE)方法在蓝宝石(0001)面上生长出了高质量的ZnO薄膜,并对其结构和发光特性进行了研究。在XRD中只观察到ZnO薄膜的(0002)衍射峰,其半高宽(FWHM)值为0.18°;而在共振Raman散射光谱中观测到1LO(579 cm-1 )和2LO(1 152 cm-1 )两个峰位,这些结果表明ZnO薄膜具有单一c轴取向和高质量的纤维锌矿晶体结构。在吸收光谱中观测到自由激子吸收和激子-LO声子吸收峰,这表明在ZnO薄膜中激子稳定的存在于室温,并且两峰之间能量间隔为71.2 meV,与文献上报道的ZnO纵向光学声子能量(71 meV)相符。室温下在光致发光光谱(PL)中仅观测到位于376 nm处的自由激子发光峰,而没有观测到与缺陷相关的深能级发射峰,表明ZnO薄膜具有较高的质量和低的缺陷密度。     

温度对鱼鳞胶原蛋白二级结构的影响

从草鱼鱼鳞中提取酶溶性胶原蛋白(PSC),通过SDS-PAGE电泳分析为典型Ⅰ型胶原蛋白且达到电泳纯。在此基础上利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和圆二色谱(CD)研究了温度对鱼鳞胶原蛋白二级结构的影响。FTIR分析表明：鱼鳞胶原蛋白具有典型的胶原蛋白特征吸收带,酰胺Ⅰ、酰胺Ⅱ和酰胺Ⅲ带的特征吸收频率分别出现在1658,1552和1238cm-1处。随温度升高,酰胺A和酰胺B峰位向低波数移动,1658cm-1处吸收峰裂解成多个吸收峰;1552cm-1处的吸收峰在35℃微略红移,随后发生明显蓝移;1238cm-1处吸收峰随温度升高向低波数移动。在拉曼光谱中,胶原蛋白的酰胺Ⅰ、酰胺Ⅱ和酰胺Ⅲ带的特征吸收频率分别出现在1669,1557和1245cm-1处,都较红外光谱的波数高;此外,921和855cm-1处脯氨酸的特征谱峰在拉曼光谱中体现出来。圆二色谱分析表明,胶原蛋白溶液在221.6和204.4nm分别有一正、负峰,具有典型胶原蛋白三螺旋结构的特征圆二色谱峰型。胶原蛋白冻干品的FTIR光谱和Raman谱线大都在35～60℃时发生波数和强度改变,而胶原蛋白乙酸溶液的CD谱线在20～35℃之间发生剧烈改变。由此可以判断胶原蛋白在固态和溶液状态下,变性温度存在一定差异,胶原蛋白冻干品比其乙酸溶液更稳定。     

胃炎和胃溃疡组织细胞的显微拉曼光谱研究

利用共焦显微拉曼光谱研究了胃炎组织和胃溃疡组织的粘膜细胞。结果表明,与胃炎组织细胞比较,溃疡组织细胞中胞嘧啶的振动峰781 cm-1相对较弱,而腺嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶793,823cm-1处的峰强有所增加; 对应于α螺旋结构蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅲ带的1654和1230～1270cm-1的强度均相对减小,色氨酸特征峰1332cm-1和苯丙氨酸特征峰1003cm-1强度有所降低,同时与色氨酸残基微环境变化密切相关的1554频移到1556cm-1,且强度有所增加;脂类的特征谱线1073 cm-1向高波数频移到了1078cm-1, 对应于CH₂扭转振动的1303cm-1与来自于CH面内变形振动的1268cm-1强度比值减小。上述变化表明两种疾病组织细胞中的核酸,蛋白质和脂类在成分、结构和构型上都存在明显差异;研究发现利用C—H弯曲振动的谱线1449cm-1和蛋白质酰胺Ⅲ带的谱线1660cm-1的强度比值A₁₄₄₉/A₁₆₆₀区分两种疾病具有较好的准确性。     

Polarized raman study of single-wall semiconducting carbon nanotubes

Polarized Raman spectra were obtained from a rope of aligned semiconducting single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) in the vicinity of the D band and the G band. Based on group theory analysis and related theoretical predictions, the G-band profile was deconvolved into four intrinsic SWNT components with the following symmetry assignments: 1549 cm(-1) [E2(E(2g))], 1567 cm(-1) [A(A(1g))+E1(E(1g))], 1590 cm(-1) [A(A(1g))+E1(E(1g))] and 1607 cm(-1) [E2(E(2g))]. The frequency shifts of the tangential G modes from the 2D graphitelike E(2g(2)) frequency are discussed in terms of the nanotube geometry.     

GaN直纳米线的光学性能

对 Ga N直纳米线的拉曼光谱及光致发光光谱进行了研究。拉曼光谱表明 ,与计算值相比 ,E2 ( high)声子频率在 560 cm- 1有 -9cm- 1的移动 ,这种声子频率显示出向低能带频移及带变宽的特征 ,是由于纳米尺寸效应所引起的结果。体系的光致发光光谱在 3 44 .8nm附近的近带隙发光 ,与文献报道的 Ga N体材料的数值3 65nm相比有一蓝移 ,这是由于量子限制效应造成的     

Widely tunable ring-cavity tellurite fiber Raman laser

We report a widely tunable ring-cavity tellurite fiber Raman laser covering the S+C+L+U band. A tunable range (1495-1600 nm, limited by the tunable optical bandpass filter) over 100 nm is obtained by using a single-mode tellurite fiber with high Raman gain coefficients (55 W(-1)km(-1)) and large Raman shift (~22.3 THz) as the gain medium. Furthermore, the free-running 1665 nm Raman fiber laser is achieved from the ring cavity by removing the tunable optical bandpass filter, which shows that such a tellurite fiber has potential for constructing a widely tunable fiber Raman laser covering the S+C+L+U band. A high optical signal-to-noise ratio of over 60 dB for almost all of the tunable range is also demonstrated.     

Variable electron-phonon coupling in isolated metallic carbon nanotubes observed by Raman scattering

We report the existence of broad and weakly asymmetric features in the high-energy (G) Raman modes of freely suspended metallic carbon nanotubes of defined chiral index. A significant variation in peak width (from 12 cm(-1) to 110 cm(-1)) is observed as a function of the nanotube's chiral structure. When the nanotubes are electrostatically gated, the peak widths decrease. The broadness of the Raman features is understood as the consequence of coupling of the phonon to electron-hole pairs, the strength of which varies with the nanotube chiral index and the position of the Fermi energy.     

非共振条件下单壁碳纳米管拉曼散射强度的计算

利用非共振情况下的键极化模型理论，对单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱强度进行了研究.考察了碳纳米管结构、入射光和散射光的偏振方向以及管轴的取向对散射光强度的影响.计算结果表明，光的偏振方向对拉曼散射强度影响较大，而手性对拉曼光谱的影响较小.针对碳管样品的实际情况，给出了无规取向碳管的拉曼散射光谱. 关键词： 碳纳米管 拉曼散射 声子 键极化     

Raman scattering study of delafossite magnetoelectric multiferroic compounds: CuFeO2 and CuCrO2

Ultrasonic velocity measurements on the magnetoelectric multiferroic compound CuFeO(2) reveal that the antiferromagnetic transition observed at T(N1) = 14 K might be induced by an R3m --> pseudoproper ferroelastic transition. In that case, the group theory states that the order parameter associated with the structural transition must belong to a two-dimensional irreducible representation E(g) (x(2) - y(2), xy). Since this type of transition can be driven by a Raman E(g) mode, we performed Raman scattering measurements on CuFeO(2) between 5 and 290 K. Considering that the isostructural multiferroic compound CuCrO(2) might show similar structural deformations at the antiferromagnetic transition T(N1) = 24.3 K, Raman measurements have also been performed for comparison. At ambient temperature, the Raman modes in CuFeO(2) are observed at ω(E(g)) = 352 cm(-1) and ω(A(1g)) = 692 cm(-1), while these modes are detected at ω(E(g)) = 457 cm(-1) and ω(A(1g)) = 709 cm(-1) in CuCrO(2). The analysis of the temperature dependence of the modes in both compounds shows that the frequencies of all modes increase with decreasing temperature. This typical behavior is attributed to anharmonic phonon-phonon interactions. These results clearly indicate that none of the Raman active modes observed in CuFeO(2) and CuCrO(2) drive the pseudoproper ferroelastic transitions observed at the Néel temperature T(N1). Finally, a broad band at about 550 cm(-1) observed in the magnetoelectric phase of CuCrO(2) below T(N2) could be associated with magnons.     

黄藤细胞壁微纤丝取向偏振光拉曼光谱研究

采用532 nm共聚焦显微拉曼光谱技术原位状态下研究了黄藤藤茎纤维及导管细胞壁中纤维素微纤丝空间取向差异。在高数值孔径（NA=1.25）物镜测试条件下,C-H伸缩振动（2 771~3 000 cm-1）特征峰峰面积拉曼成像成功的区分出细胞角隅、复合胞间层以及次生壁。进一步发现纤维细胞次生壁呈宽窄交替的同心层状结构,而导管次生壁无明显的分层结构。采用平行于细胞径向壁的拉曼偏振激光进行光谱成像发现纤维细胞次生壁窄层纤维素C-O-C（1 097 cm-1）拉曼信号强度明显高于宽层,即窄层中微纤丝取向更加平行于入射激光偏振方向,与细胞轴夹角更大,而导管次生壁中微纤丝取向较为均一。细胞壁不同形态区域拉曼光谱分析发现纤维素C-O-C特征峰以及CH和CH₂特征峰的拉曼信号强度与入射激光的偏振方向存在明显的相关性。当入射偏振激光的电矢量方向从平行变化到垂直于微纤丝方向时,其糖苷键C-O-C非对称伸缩振动信号减弱,而CH和CH₂的取向在与入射偏振激光的电矢量方向垂直时,其拉曼信号强度相较于平行状态略微降低,表明纤维素特征峰中的糖苷键C-O-C的非对称伸缩振动比CH和CH₂伸缩振动对拉曼偏振光的方向改变更为敏感。比较纤维细胞宽层与窄层的拉曼光谱发现径向次生壁窄层1 097 cm-1处拉曼信号强度明显高于弦向次生壁窄层,而径向次生壁宽层的2 897 cm-1处拉曼信号强度低于弦向次生壁宽层。拉曼特征峰比值（I_{1 095}/I_{2 897}）可用来定性研究细胞壁微纤丝角,结果发现这一比值在导管次生壁、纤维细胞窄层和纤维细胞宽层中分别为1.32~1.10,0.92~0.55和0.42~0.33,表明导管次生壁具有最大的微纤丝角,纤维细胞窄层次之,宽层最小。该研究为解析藤材细胞壁骨架空间结构、化学成分分布以及微力学特性提供了新型的分析手段和重要的理论指导。     

氧化铜纳米粒子的制备及其SERS特性

采用激光刻蚀法在水溶液中制备了氧化铜纳米粒子,刻蚀完成后将氧化铜胶体沉积在铝片上形成一层氧化铜岛膜.所得纳米粒子的紫外—可见吸收峰在280 nm处,表明所得为氧化铜.原子力显微镜观察表明所制得的纳米粒子具有椭圆状结构,长轴约为30～50 nm,厚度约为8 nm.扫描电镜图片显示氧化铜粒子沉积在铝基底后形成了大小在0.5...     

人乳腺癌组织的显微拉曼光谱研究

研究了人类正常与癌变乳腺组织的显微拉曼光谱特性。与正常乳腺组织相比,癌变组织的核酸骨架磷酸离子vs(PO^-2)特征谱线由1082移到1097cm^-1、强度加强,位于817cm^-1的RNA主链vs(O-P-O)的谱线强度增加;蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅲ两个特征谱带从1657,1273cm^-1分别位移到1662和1264cm^-1,其中1264cm^-1谱线的宽度和强度均增加,某些氨基酸残基的C—O谱线向高波数位移,色氨酸特征峰1368cm^-1在癌变组织中几乎观察不到;脂类特征谱线减少。上述谱线变化表明,癌变组织中核酸的相对含量增加、主链结构发生变化;蛋白质结构同时呈现α-螺旋、无规卷曲、卢．折叠以及β-回折4种构象特征,其分子间的氢键近乎断裂,蛋白质变得松散和无序,色氨酸残基的吲哚环呈现“暴露式”;脂类含量减少。研究表明,显微拉曼光谱可以为乳腺癌变的生化机理研究以及活体诊断提供有力的实验依据。     

CS2中对苯醌n-π*单-三态跃迁的可见吸收光谱及其共振拉曼光谱

测量了对苯醌(p-benzoquinone,PBQ)在CS2中的可见吸收光谱,论证了该实验中发现的507 nm带来源于PBQ的n-π*单-三态跃迁.基于液芯光纤内共振拉曼散射可以提高拉曼光谱强度109倍这一技术,在10-3～10-6 mol·L-1的浓度范围首次探测到514.5 nm激光激发该跃迁而产生的共振拉曼光谱(1 439cm-1).分析认为该谱线来源于PBQ的n-π*单-三态跃迁的羰基伸缩振动(v c-o).实验发现,随着PBQ溶液浓度的降低,该谱线的拉曼频移发生蓝移.文章的研究结果将有助于理解PBQ电子结构与其光物理特性的相互关系,便于获得更丰富的分子结构信息.     

Chirality distribution and transition energies of carbon nanotubes

From resonant Raman scattering on isolated nanotubes we obtained the optical transition energies, the radial breathing mode frequency, and the Raman intensity of both metallic and semiconducting tubes. We unambiguously assigned the chiral index (n(1),n(2)) of approximately 50 nanotubes based solely on a third-neighbor tight-binding Kataura plot and find omega(RBM)=(214.4+/-2) cm(-1) nm/d+(18.7+/-2) cm(-1). In contrast to luminescence experiments we observe all chiralities including zigzag tubes. The Raman intensities have a systematic chiral-angle dependence confirming recent ab initio calculations.     

鼻咽癌患者指甲的红外光谱研究

利用傅里叶红外光谱研究了20例正常人和3例鼻咽癌患者手指甲的红外光谱,结果表明：癌指甲样品与正常指甲样品的红外光谱在峰形、峰强度、峰频率等方面均存在明显差异;它们的最大区别是：酰氨Ⅱ带峰形的变化,δ_s(CH₃)峰的消失,以及874.0 cm-1附近有无吸收峰。还着重研究了磷酸二酯基团的对称和反对称伸缩振动;以及C—O基团伸缩振动峰的变化。并从蛋白质、核酸氢键的角度以及膜脂碳氢链排列及构像变化角度等方面分析了发生变化的原因。磷酸二酯基团的对称伸缩振动峰呈现有规律的变化, 即癌样品由1 080.0位移到1 077.6 cm-1, 反对称伸缩振动由1 239.4位移到1 238.4 cm-1, 表明指甲核酸分子内磷酸二酯键骨架的结构发生了改变。另外, 膜脂分子中的CH₂弯曲振动 δ(CH₂)的波数也有些改变, 即癌样品由1 453.1位移到1 453.7 cm-1。而且,峰的强度也有所增强, 说明癌患者指甲的膜脂中亚甲基链的无序状态较正常人的大。     

Ultrabroadband background-free coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy based on a compact Er:fiber laser system

We demonstrate a scheme for efficient coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy free of nonresonant background. Our method is based on a compact Er:fiber laser source. Impulsive excitation of molecular resonances is achieved by an 11 fs pulse at 1210 nm. Broadband excitation gives access to molecular resonances from 0 cm(-1) up to 4000 cm(-1). Time-delayed narrowband probing at 775 nm enables sensitive and high-speed spectral detection of the CARS signal free of nonresonant background with a resolution of 10 cm(-1).     

Broadband tunable Raman soliton self-frequency shift to mid-infrared band in a highly birefringent microstructure fiber

Raman soliton self-frequency shifted to mid-infrared band(λ 2 μm) has been achieved in an air-silica microstructure fiber(MF). The MF used in our experiment has an elliptical core with diameters of 1.08 and 2.48 μm for fast and slow axis. Numerical simulation shows that each fundamental orthogonal polarization mode has two wide-spaced λZDW and theλZDW pairs located at 701/2110 nm and 755/2498 nm along the fast and slow axis, respectively. Using 810-nm Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser as pump, when the output power varies from 0.3 to 0.5 W, the furthest red-shift Raman solitons in both fast and slow axis shift from near-infrared band to mid-infrared band, reaching as far as 2030 and 2261 nm. Also, midinfrared Raman solitons can always be generated for pump wavelength longer than 790 nm if output pump power reaches0.5 W. Specifically, with pump power at 0.5 W, the mid-infrared soliton in slow axis shifts from 2001 to 2261 nm when the pump changes from 790 nm to 810 nm. This means only a 20 nm change of pump results in 260 nm tunability of a mid-infrared soliton.     

人血单个红细胞的共振拉曼光谱研究

给出了人血单个红细胞在不同激发光源下的共振拉曼光谱。从实验谱中得到 ,构象不灵敏的苯丙氨酸的单取代基环的伸缩振动谱线 10 0 2cm-1和吡咯环的CN呼吸振动谱带中 16 2 0cm-1的谱线 ,对 782nm激发光源共振较强 ,呈现出强度大而半高宽小的尖锐谱线 ;而在 5 14nm激发光源下 ,该两条谱线较弱。其他谱线 ,高波数段 (大于 135 0cm-1) ,在 5 14nm激发光源下 ,谱线强度大且清晰 ;低波数段 (小于 135 0cm-1) ,对应 782nm激发光源的拉曼谱线强而明显。同时还给出了同一激光光源下 ,取血后不同时间单个红细胞的拉曼光谱。发现对 782nm激发光源 ,除 16 0 1cm-1谱线强度减小外 ,其他无明显变化 ;而对 5 14nm激发光源 :一是有许多条谱线强度减小 ,二是许多条谱线向低波数移动了 4～ 10cm-1波数左右。这些实验结果 ,可以为研究单个红细胞的结构、功能及进一步研究病变细胞的变异提供有力的实验基础。     

药用植物真伪品的FT-Raman光谱法鉴别研究

首次采用近红外傅里叶变换拉曼光谱法 (NIR Raman)无损快速鉴别了药用植物肉桂、天麻及其伪(混淆 )品。结果表明 :药用植物肉桂、天麻及其伪 (混淆 )品在拉曼光谱图上有明显的差别。如肉桂在 1 60 0和 1 3 0 0cm- 1有较特征的基频振动峰 ,而肉桂的混淆品阴香 1 3 3 0cm- 1的峰较弱 ,相反的是 1 62 4和 1 5 97cm- 1的基频振动峰较强。天麻在 2 91 4cm- 1的C H振动峰与羊角天麻的 2 93 4cm- 1位移了 2 0个波数 ,另外羊角天麻在 1 60 5cm- 1有较强的拉曼基频振动峰 ,而药用天麻此处未见振动峰。凭借这些谱峰的差异可进行药材的真伪鉴别。该方法具有快速、准确、操作简单、不破坏样品 ,可直接进行鉴别的特点。     

Characterization of carbon nanotube filters and other carbonaceous materials by Raman spectroscopy—II: study on dispersion and disorder parameters

Recently, we have reported on the characterization of various carbonaceous materials including multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) filters, which have specific molecular filtering capabilities and good mechanical strength and can be produced in bulk as highly aligned arrays of bundles of CNTs. We have extended our studies using Fourier transform‐Raman spectroscopy with 1064 nm excitation wavelength and a rotating sample holder in the region 1000–2800 cm⁻¹, in addition to 532 and 785 nm, which were used for Raman excitation in our previous study. Raman spectra were analyzed for band positions and line shape with special emphasis on the D‐, G‐ and G′‐ bands. For the single‐walled species, Carbotrap and graphite spectra were also recorded with 488 nm excitation. A dispersion study has been made from the Raman data available with the different excitation wavelengths. Slight band shifts and band broadening could be observed under the two sample conditions, one with the stationary sample and the other with sample rotation. The spectral changes are related to the excessive heating caused in a stationary sample by laser irradiation. Based on our findings in this study combined with our earlier study, we can state that only a careful line shape analysis and study of intensity pattern of the D‐ and G‐Raman bands under well‐defined measurement conditions lends itself as a good measure of degree of alignment in the MWCNT bundles. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.