Solvatochromic effects in the absorption and fluorescence spectra of indazole and its amino derivatives

Absorption and fluorescence spectra of Indazole (In) in five solvents and those of 5-amino, 6-amino, and 7-aminoindazoles (5-AI 6-AI, 7-Al) in thirteen solvents have been studied. Using the multiparametric approach of Taft et al., spectral characteristics of these molecules have been analysed on the basis of electrostatic effects, hydrogen bond donor ability and hydrogen bond accepting ability of the solvents. In the excited singlet state, all three effects are nearly equally prominent, whereas in the ground state 5-AI acts as a better hydrogen bond acceptor than the other amines. Stokes shifts and the difference between the radiative decay constants determined experimentally and using Strickler and Berg's equation indicate different geometries of the amines in the S₀ and S₁ states. A decrease in the non-radiative decay constants of 5-AI and 6-AI with an increase in the polarity of the solvents predict better planar geometry in the S₁ state in comparison to that in the S₀ state. Semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculations have been used to find the nature of transitions, total atomic charges at the basic centres and dipole moments of all the aromatic amines in the S₀ and S₁ states. Results so obtained are compared and discussed.     

乌拉地尔的荧光光谱研究及测定

建立了一种测定制剂中乌拉地尔的荧光分光光度法。用荧光分光光度法研究了不同溶剂和pH下乌拉地尔的荧光光谱性质。在pH5.0缓冲溶液中,在3.30×10-7～1.65×10-5mol/L浓度范围内,285nm紫外光的激发下,乌拉地尔在365nm处的荧光强度与浓度呈良好的线性关系。线性相关系数为0 9975,测定片剂和针剂的平均回收率分别为99.0%和99.8%,相对标准偏差小于3 0%。     

A rapid densitometric method for simultaneous quantification of gallic acid and ellagic acid in herbal raw materials using HPTLC

Gallic acid and ellagic acid are two widely occurring phenolic compounds of plant origin, to which many biological activities including anticancer and antiviral activity have been attributed. A simple HPTLC method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of gallic acid and ellagic acid. The method was validated for precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Instrumental precision was found to be 0.083 and 0.78, and the repeatability of the method was found to be 1.07 and 1.50 (% CV) for gallic acid and ellagic acid, respectively. The accuracy of the method was checked by a recovery study conducted at two different levels and the average percentage recovery was found to be 101.02% for gallic acid and 102.42% for ellagic acid. The above method was used for the quantification of gallic acid and ellagic acid content in seeds of Abrus precatorius Linn., whole plant of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn., and flowers of Nymphaea alba Linn. The proposed HPTLC method for the simultaneous quantification of gallic acid and ellagic acid was found to be simple, precise, specific, sensitive, and accurate and can be used for routine quality control of herbal raw materials and for the quantification of these compounds in plant materials.     

Extraction and analysis of ellagic acid from novel complex sources

Ellagic acid (EA) was quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) coupled with photodiode array detection (DAD) in five fine-powdered plants collected from the semiarid region of Mexico. Samples analysed included Jatropha dioica branches (Dragon’s blood), Euphorbia antisyphyllitica branches (Candelilla), Turnera diffusa Willd leaves (Damiana), Flourensia cernua leaves (hojasén) and Punica granatum husk (pomegranate) at two maturity stages (“turning” or intermediate and maturated fruit, considered as positive controls). The results demonstrated high EA concentrations in all tested samples which are novel sources of this natural antioxidant. The method developed for the EA analysis is fast and it showed an excellent linearity range, repeatability, intra-and inter-day precision and accuracy with respect to the methods reported for the EA analysis.     

Syntheses and spectral properties of longwave absorbing and fluorescing substrates for the direct and continuous kinetic assay of carboxylesterases,phosphatases, and sulfatases

Syntheses, absorption and fluorescence properties for a series of new enzyme substrates are described, which are derived from 7-hydroxycoumarins possessing electron-withdrawing substituents in position 3. The new substrates are advantageous over existing ones in that they exhibit longwave absorption and fluorescence maxima as well as largeStokes' shifts. In addition, theirpK _a values, which are usually between 6.0 and 7.0, allow the direct and continuous kinetic assay of hydrolases such as esterases, phosphatases, and sulfatases.

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Synthesen und spektrale Eigenschaften langwellig absorbierender und fluoreszierender Substrate für die direkte und kontinuierliche kinetische Bestimmung von Carboxylesterasen, Phosphatasen und Sulfatasen

Zusammenfassung Die Synthesen und Absorptions- sowie Fluoreszenzspektren einer Reihe neuer Enzymsubstrate werden beschrieben, welche von 7-Hydroxycumarinen mit elektronenziehenden Substituenten in 3-Stellung abgeleitet sind. Die neuen Substrate bieten gegenüber bisherigen den Vorteil langwelliger Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzmaxima sowie großerStokes-Verschiebungen. Die niedrigenpK _s -Werte, welche zwischen 6 und 7 liegen, erlauben weiters eine direkte und kontinuierliche kinetische Bestimmung von Hydrolasen vom Typ der Esterasen, Phosphatasen und Sulfatasen.

     

Studies on the Spectra of 4,5‐Dibromofluorescein with Proteins and its Analytical Application

4,5‐Dibromofluorescein(R) binding to proteins causes a decrease in the fluorescence maximum of R at 530 nm; the intensity of fluorescence quenching is directly proportional to protein content, Based on this, a new fast and simple fluorescence quenching method for the determination of proteins was developed. Under experimental conditions, the linear range of this assay is 0?15 mg/L and the detection limit is 40 μg/L. The method has been applied to the analysis of human serum samples and gave values close to those obtained by the Coomassie brilliant blue G‐250 (CBB G‐250) method, which indicated that the method is not only high in sensitivity but also reliable.     

Use of Gemini surfactant in a one-step ellagic acid assay by resonance light scattering technique

Ellagic acid (EA) reacted with Gemini zwitterionic surfactant, phosphodiesters quaternary ammonium salt (PQAS), and formed fine particles which produced strong enhancement in intensity of resonance light scattering (RLS). The effects of several factors on the RLS signal, such as pH, ionic strength, PQAS concentration and so on, were optimized. The relationship between enhanced RLS intensity and EA concentration was constructed. A novel and rapid method for the determination of EA was built. The linear range of this method was 0.016-4.0 μg mL⁻¹ and the detection limit was 13.9 ng mL⁻¹. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method was applied to determine EA in body fluids with the results of quantitative recoveries between 98.4-101.4% in human serum samples and 99.1-102% in human urine samples. This method characterized by low limit detection is very sensitive and the cost is low, and constitutes a fast one-step procedure which requires only measuring the RLS intensities. The mechanism of the reaction was also studied. This investigation could contribute to the research on the delivery and release of bioactive molecules by Gemini surfactants.     

四碘荧光素钠的电化学聚合及其聚合物的荧光光谱

本文研究四碘荧光素钠的电化学聚合以及聚合物的紫外 可见光谱和荧光光谱 .电解所用的溶液由 0 0 3mol·dm- 3四碘荧光素钠 ,0 0 5mol·dm- 3硼砂和 0 5mol·dm- 3KCl组成 ,pH值为8 5 0 .在 - 0 2 0～ 1 1 0V(vs.SCE)电位范围内 ,使用反复电势扫描合成了红色聚四碘荧光素钠膜 ,聚合物膜的生成及性质受电解条件影响 .聚合物的紫外 可见光谱在 32 6nm和 370nm处有两个较大的吸收峰 ,这和单体的吸收峰不同 .聚合物的二甲亚砜溶液和二甲替甲酰胺溶液均有很强的荧光强度 ,在二甲替甲酰胺中聚合物的荧光强度非常稳定 .根据实验结果我们提出了相应的聚合机理 .     

Simultaneous analysis of ellagic acid and coenzyme Q(10) by derivative spectroscopy and HPLC

Antioxidants are gaining tremendous interest as chemopreventive as well as chemotherapeutic agents. Ellagic acid (EA) is a plant derived compound with very poor solubility in water and very low octanol/water partition coefficient and coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) is a highly lipophilic compound, which is synthesized in the body and can be derived from food supplements as well. The new insights in the combination therapy are promising a better future in many challenging diseases. Synergism is among the key advantages of combination therapy apart from decreased intensity of unwanted effects of a compound, increased patient compliance and reduction in cost of therapy. EA and CoQ₁₀ supplementation in combination will be beneficial in strengthening the weakened antioxidant defense system in many diseases related to oxidative stress. Here we report first derivative UV spectroscopic and HPLC methods for the simultaneous analysis of these two agents in pharmaceutical preparations. Results obtained indicate that the derivative spectroscopy is as efficient as HPLC method in quantitative analysis. Retention of ellagic acid can be increased using PEG bonded column which is poorly retained on C₁₈ column. PEG column can be used for rapid simultaneous analysis of EA and CoQ₁₀, which are having diverse physicochemical properties.     

Synthesis, characterization and fluorescence properties of novel pyridine dicarboxylic acid derivatives and corresponding Tb(III) complexes

Two novel ligands containing two pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid conjugative units, 4-(2-(2,6-dicarbox-ypyridin-4-yl)vinyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (L(1)) and 4-(4-(2-(2,6-dicarboxypyridin-4-yl)vinyl)styryl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (L(2)) and their complexes with Tb(III) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and NMR. The ligand synthetic route was optimized and the yield of ligands reached over 78% as a result of the Wittig-Horner reaction used. The fluorescent intensities of these complexes with corresponding complexes with single pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid unit was compared. The result has shown that the ligands with two pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid units are the excellent sensitizers to lanthanide fluorescence. Also, we investigated the fluorescence properties of these complexes in different solution and in different pH value. Due to their excellent green-emmiter, they would be a potential candidate material for applications in organic light-emitting devices and medical diagnosis.     

Turn-on fluorescence sensor for mono- and di-phosphonic acid derivatives using anthracene-based diamidine and its detection of amidinium-phosphonate and amidinium formation

The fluorescence detection of di-phosphonic acid and mono-phosphonic acid derivatives using the anthracene-based diamidine 1 has been investigated. The diamidine 1 forms 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with the di-phosphonic acid and mono-phosphonic acid derivatives, respectively, and showed a blue fluorescence (λ_em = 432–442 nm) in a DMSO solution. The formation of amidinium-phosphonate (complex formation) and dissociated amidinum (λ_em = 468 nm as a broad band) were distinguished by the difference in the fluorescence wavelength, and confirmed by DOSY NMR spectroscopy and TD-DFT calculations. The formation of a 1:2 complex with diamidine 1 and methylphosphonic acid having additional intermolecular hydrogen-bonding between the methylphosphonic acids is proposed.     

Photophysics of Indocarbocyanine Dyes in Organic Solvents

The absorption and fluorescence properties of a series of 18 indocarbocyanine dyes in organic solvents have been determined. The wavelengths of the absorption and fluorescence maxima, the fluorescence lifetimes and the fluorescence quantum yields relative to the benzo-15-crown-5-substituted phthalocyanine have been measured. The results are discussed in relation to the molecular structures or the dye studied.     

Synthesis and fluorescence properties of 2-aryl-3-hydroxyquinolones, a new class of dyes displaying dual fluorescence

A series of 2-aryl-3-hydroxyquinolones (3HQs) with different electron donating aryl substituents at the position 2 were synthesized. Their absorption and fluorescence properties were studied in solvents of medium and high polarity. Almost all the synthesized 3HQs display dual fluorescence in the tested solvents, in line with an excited state intramolecular proton transfer reaction. For N-methyl substituted compounds, the intensity ratio of the two emission bands was found to be exquisitely sensitive to solvent polarity, with a two orders of magnitude change from toluene to dimethylsulfoxide. Consequently, these compounds appear as prospective polarity fluorescent labels for proteins and nucleic acids.     

Anomalous fluorescence spectra of benz[a]azulene derivatives

The electronic and fluorescence spectra of banz[a]azulene derivatives have been measured. the fluorescence from the second excited singlet state have been observed for these compounds. The fluorescence quantum yields (φ_f) is sensitive to the energy difference between the first excited singlet (S₁) and the second excited singlet state (S₂).     

荧光光谱法测定氨基酸的新方法

在醋酸 醋酸钠缓冲介质中 ,氨基酸能猝灭壳聚糖 茚三酮体系的荧光。基于此 ,建立了一种新的荧光光谱测定氨基酸的方法 ,探讨了其反应机理及测定条件。方法的线性范围为 0mol·L- 1 ～ 1 2× 1 0 - 4 mol·L- 1 ,已应用于测定果汁饮料     

Preparation of ellagic acid molecularly imprinted polymeric microspheres based on distillation–precipitation polymerization for the efficient purification of a crude extract

Molecularly imprinted polymeric microspheres with a high recognition ability toward the template molecule, ellagic acid, were synthesized based on distillation–precipitation polymerization. The as‐obtained polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Static, dynamic, and selective binding tests were adopted to study the binding properties and the molecular recognition ability of the prepared polymers for ellagic acid. The results indicated that the maximum static adsorption capacity of the prepared polymers toward ellagic acid was 37.07 mg/g and the adsorption equilibrium time was about 100 min when the concentration of ellagic acid was 40 mg/mL. Molecularly imprinted polymeric microspheres were also highly selective toward ellagic acid compared with its analogue quercetin. It was found that the content of ellagic acid in the pomegranate peel extract was enhanced from 23 to 86% after such molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction process. This work provides an efficient way for effective separation and enrichment of ellagic acid from complex matrix, which is especially valuable in industrial production.     

N-甲基丙烯酰-N′-嘧啶基哌嗪及其聚合物的荧光光谱研究

我们曾报道过N-丙烯酰-N′-苯基哌嗪(APP)的合成、聚合、荧光性质及其单独或与过氧化物构成氧化还原体系以引发烯类单体聚合的研究。由于APP是分子中含有给电子生色基团和缺电子双键的丙烯酸类衍生物,其荧光表现有结构自猝灭现象并且聚合物的荧光也能被其它缺电子烯类单体如丙烯腈所淬灭。对于分子中含有多个氮原子的芳杂环叔胺丙烯酸类单体的研究,文献报道较少。本文合成了新的功能性单体N-甲基丙烯酰-N′-嘧啶基哌嗪(MPMP),并观察了单体及其聚合物溶液的荧光光谱。     

Analysis of salicylic acid based on the fluorescence enhancement of the As(III)-salicylic acid system

A new, simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of salicylic acid (λ_ex = 315 nm, λ_em = 408 nm) using As(III) as a sensitizing reagent has been investigated by measuring the increase of fluorescence intensity of salicylic acid due to the complexation of As(III)-salicylic acid in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 10⁻³ M. Under optimum conditions, a significant relationship was obtained between the fluorescence intensity and salicylic acid concentration. A linear calibration curve was obtained in the range 13.8-13812 μg l⁻¹ with product-moment correlation coefficient (R) 0.99985 and detection limit 4.2 μg l⁻¹. The R.S.D. is 2.35% (n = 5).The method was applied successfully to the determination of salicylic acid in human serum.     

Cryogenic studies, site selectivity and discrete fluorescence in salicylic acid dimer

Cryogenic effects (10–293 K) on the photophysics of salicylic acid (SA) dimer have been using steady state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. SA dimer shows two emissions at approximately 390 nm (dimer, D) and approximately 430 nm (tautomer, T), formed by cyclic double proton transfer plus fast excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), at low temperatures; a vibrational structure also develops which is due to C = O and OH stretches. On red edge excitation (REE), only the dimer-type (UV) emission is observed, which shifts with excitation energy resembling emission due to site selectivity. Due to the asymmetry of the double potential energy curves of D and T, all dimers can be trapped in the D minimum. The UV emission of the dimer is accompanied by the Stokes' shifted tautomer emission on excitation at 1050 cm⁻¹ higher than the (0,0) band of D, which is interpreted as the barrier height of the double potential energy curves of D and T. Time-resolved studies at various temperatures have helped to clarify the photophysics of crystalline SA.     

Spectroscopic properties of dipicolinic acid and its dianion

If robust spectroscopic techniques are to be developed for the detection and identification of pathogens, one must understand the relevant spectroscopic properties of the target molecules. In this paper, we employ density functional theory (DFT) to study the structural, electronic, vibrational, optical, and magnetic properties of dipicolinic acid (DPA) and its dianion DPA⁻². Our full geometrical optimization and Mulliken charge analysis show that DFT does not lead to the significant discrepancies between charges on symmetric carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that are found in less accurate calculations based on the complete active space MCSCF method. Our calculated vibrational frequencies, Raman spectra, and infrared spectra for ground-state DPA and DPA⁻² are in good agreement with experiment, and this is also true of the four calculated ¹³C NMR spectral lines (for α, β, γ, and carboxyl sites). Our time-dependent DFT study of the optical excitation and absorption of both DPA and DPA⁻² provides the first interpretation of the observed near ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence spectra. Finally, we discuss for the first time the effect of a solvent on the spectral properties of DPA.