基质固相分散-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蔬菜中残留的苯甲酰脲类和双酰肼类杀虫剂

建立了基质固相分散技术结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定蔬菜中苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂(除虫脲、灭幼脲、杀铃脲、氟苯脲、氟虫脲、氟啶脲、氟铃脲)和双酰肼类杀虫剂(甲氧虫酰肼、虫酰肼)的方法。蔬菜样品经中性氧化铝和石墨化炭黑研磨,乙酸乙酯淋洗,洗脱液浓缩定容后,经超高效液相色谱分离,分别在正、负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下用电喷雾电离串联质谱测定,外标法定量。结果表明,9种杀虫剂在1～100 μg/L质量浓度范围内有良好的线性关系(R2≥0.99);在1、5、10、100 μg/kg 4个加标水平上的回收率为78.5%～112.8%;相对标准偏差为2.3%～10.2%,检出限为0.5～1.0 μg/kg。该方法操作简便快速,样品和溶剂用量少,检出限低,可满足蔬菜中苯甲酰脲类和双酰肼类杀虫剂同时检测的要求。     

Analysis of dexamethasone and prednisolone residues in bovine milk using matrix solid phase dispersion-liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

Dexamethasone and prednisolone are synthetic glucocorticoids, commonly used in veterinary practice for the treatment of illnesses such as respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. They are also used illicitly as growth promoters, which practice is banned in the European Union and the therapeutic use is restricted by establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) 0.3-2 μg kg^− 1 for dexamethasone and 4-10 μg kg^− 1 for prednisolone depending on the tissue type.Matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD)-liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method was developed for the residue analyses of dexamethasone and prednisolone, validated according to European Directive requirements and tested on bovine milk derived from treated animals. MSPD offers extraction, clean-up and concentration in one step, making sample preparation easier and faster. Validation results and results of milk samples derived from treated animals proved, that the presented method can be applied to the determination of dexamethasone and prednisolone residues in cow's milk samples with a detection limit of 0.075 μg kg^− 1 for dexamethasone and 0.50 μg kg^− 1 for prednisolone.     

Analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables by matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and different gas chromatography element-selective detectors

Summary A comparison between different element selective detectors for the determination of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticide residues, from fruit and vegetables, was performed by capillary GC with electron capture detector (ECD), nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD), flame photometric detector (FPD) in the sulphur and phosphorus modes, and mass spectrometry detector (MSD) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Pesticides were extracted from the different foodstuffs by Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion (MSPD). Recoveries of 41–108 % with relative standard deviation of 2–14 % in the concentration range 0.5–10 μg L⁻¹ were obtained in oranges, lemons, grapefruit, pears, plums, lettuces and tomatoes. The results demonstrated that the extracts of all the samples can be analyzed by the detectors used since no interfering co-extracted compounds were detected.     

Ion pair assisted micro matrix solid phase dispersion extraction of alkaloids from medical plant

A novel micro matrix solid phase dispersion method was successfully used for the extraction of quaternary alkaloids in Phellodendri chinensis cortex. The elution of target compounds was accomplished with sodium hexanesulfonate as the eluent solvent. A neutral ion pair was formed between ion-pairing reagent and positively charged alkaloids in this process, which was beneficial for selectively extraction of polar alkaloids. Several parameters were optimized and the optimal conditions were listed as follows: silica gel as the sorbent, silica to sample mass ratio of 1:1, the grinding time of 1 min. The exhaustive elution of targets was achieved by 200 µL methanol/water (9:1) containing 150 mM sodium hexane sulfonate at pH 4.5. The method validation covered linearity, recovery, precision of intraday and interday, limits of detection, limits of quantitation, and repeatability. This established method was rapid, simple, environmentally friendly, and highly sensitive.     

Multi-residue analysis of pesticide residues in mangoes using solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography and UV-Vis detection

A sensitive and efficient solid‐phase microextraction method, based on liquid chromatography and UV–Vis detection, was developed and validated as an alternative method for sample screening prior to LC‐MS analysis. It enables the simultaneous determination of ten pesticides in mango fruits. The fiber used was polydimethylsiloxane while optimum SPME conditions employed have been developed and optimized in a previous work. The desorption process was performed in static mode, using acetonitrile as a solvent. The results indicate that the DI‐SPME/HPLC/UV–Vis procedure resulted in good linear range, accuracy, precision and sensibility and is adequate for analyzing pesticide residues in mango fruits. The limits of detection (0.6–3.3 μg/kg) and quantification (2.0–10.0 μg/kg) were achieved with values lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by Brazilian legislation for all pesticides in this study. The average recovery rates obtained for each pesticide ranged from 71.6 to 104.3% at three fortification levels, with the relative standard deviation ranging from 4.3 to 18.6%. The proposed method was applied for the determination of the aforementioned compounds in commercial mango samples and residues of azoxystrobin, fenthion, permethrin, abamectin and bifenthrin were detected in the mango samples, although below the MRLs established by Brazilian legislation.     

Miniaturized matrix solid phase dispersion procedure and solid phase microextraction for the analysis of organochlorinated pesticides and polybrominated diphenylethers in biota samples by gas chromatography electron capture detection

This work has developed a miniaturized method based on matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) using C18 as dispersant and acetonitrile–water as eluting solvent for the analysis of legislated organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in biota samples by GC with electron capture (GC-ECD). The method has compared Florisil^®-acidic Silica and C18 as dispersant for samples as well as different solvents. Recovery studies showed that the combination of C18–Florisil^® was better when using low amount of samples (0.1 g) and with low volumes of acetonitrile–water (2.6 mL). The use of SPME for extracting the analytes from the solvent mixture before the injection resulted in detection limits between 0.3 and 7.0 μg kg⁻¹ (expressed as wet mass). The miniaturized procedure was easier, faster, less time consuming than the conventional procedure and reduces the amounts of sample, dispersant and solvent volume by approximately 10 times. The proposed procedure was applied to analyse several biota samples from different parts of the Comunidad Valenciana.     

基质固相分散-HPLC双柱测定辣椒油中苏丹红

建立辣椒油中苏丹红Ⅰ～Ⅳ残留分析的高效液相色谱法.样品通过基质固相分散(MSPD)快速萃取净化,Novapak C18(3.9×250 mm,5 μm)进行分离,用双波长紫外/可见检测器进行检测,波长为478和520 nm,对于阳性样品通过双柱进行确认.回收率在80.8%～91.9%,相对标准偏差为2.1%～6.0%,最低检测限为0.5 ng.     

Radionuclide analysis using solid phase extraction disks

The use of solid phase extraction (SPE) disks was studied for the quantification of selected radionuclides in aqueous solutions. The extraction of four radionuclides using six types (two commerical, four test materials) of 3M Empore^TM RAD disks was studied. The radionuclides studied were: technetium-99 (two types of disks), cesium-137 (two types), strontium-90 (one type), plutonium-238 (one type). Extractions were tested from DI water, river water and seawater. Extraction efficiency, kinetics (flow rate past the disk), capacity, and potential interferences were studied as well as quantification methods.     

磁性亲水亲脂平衡萃取材料辅助基质固相分散萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定中药材中76种农药残留

建立灵敏、可靠的中药材中农药多残留的检测方法对保证中药材的质量和安全十分重要.制备了磁性亲水亲脂平衡萃取材料Fe3 O4@PLS,将其应用于农药多残留的磁性基质固相分散萃取中,并结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测了金银花、菊花和三七块根(干)3种中药材中76种农药残留量.研究通过扫描电子显微镜(S...     

Quantitative analysis of sesquiterpenes and comparison of three Curcuma wenyujin herbal medicines by micro matrix solid phase dispersion coupled with MEEKC

A simple, efficient and environmental friendly method was proposed for determining five sesquiterpenoids of Curcuma wenyujin by MSPD extraction coupled with MEEKC separation. Molecular sieve was applied as a solid support for extraction of sesquiterpenoids for the first time. Various parameters affecting extraction and separation efficiency were investigated. The optimized conditions involved dispersing sample (200 mg) with 200 mg of TS‐1 for 150 s and using 1000 μL of methanol to elute five target analytes. Finally, they were well separated by using a running buffer containing 1.3% SDS, 5.0% 1‐butanol, 0.5% ethyl acetate and 10% acetonitrile in 10 mM borate buffer at pH 9.0. Consequently, the developed method was fully validated and successfully applied to determine the five sesquiterpenoids including curdine, curcumenol, germacrone, furanodiene and β‐elemene in Curcuma wenyujin origin's Chinese herbal medicines. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed based on the contents of target compounds for distinguishing steamed and non‐steamed drugs. The present study provided a promising method for fast investigation and discrimination of chemical difference in steam & non‐steamed Chinese medicines from Curcuma wenyujin origin.     

p-Nitro-N-propylaniline/silica: synthesis, characterization, and its application in matrix solid phase dispersion for multiresidue analysis of pesticides in carrots

A new material for matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) was synthesized -- p-nitro-N-propylaniline/silica (pNNPASi) by grafting reactions, characterized by elemental analysis and N(2)-adsorption-desorption isotherms, and tested for multiclass multiresidue analysis of pesticides in wet and freeze-dried carrots. Results obtained applying this new solid phase sorbent to MSPD extraction of ten pesticides (trichlorphon, trifluralin, dicloran, chlorothalonil, prometryn, linuron, captan, procymidone, prochloraz, and deltametrin) in wet carrots showed better results than the ones obtained for freeze-dried samples. Recoveries were in the range of 48-106% and precisions varied from 6 to 20% when wet samples were employed. Comparison between pNNPASi sorbent and C(18) showed better performance of pNNPASi for eight out of ten pesticides tested. The LOQs show that the developed method can be used to detect the pesticides investigated in carrots at concentrations below the maximum residue levels (MRL) established by EU, USEPA, and National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Linuron, captan, prochloraz, and deltamethrin were found in at least one of the two commercial samples studied in concentrations above the LOQ of this method. Concentrations of the last three pesticides were above the European MRL in one of the commercial samples.     

柱后紫外光解荧光衍生液相色谱法测定蔬菜中残留的15种苯脲除草剂

建立了蔬菜中15种苯脲除草剂残留的固相萃取-在线柱后紫外光分解和衍生化的高效液相色谱荧光检测分析方法。样品用乙腈提取,弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,目标化合物由反相C18柱分离,经柱后紫外光分解和衍生化后进行荧光检测。对样品的前处理条件、液相色谱分离、柱后紫外光分解和衍生条件等进行了详细的研究。15种苯脲除草剂的高效液相色谱分离在乙腈-水梯度洗脱下完成,目标物的保留时间为9～31 min,线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9986~1.0000;在洋葱、菠菜、黄瓜等样品中3个加标水平的平均回收率(n=3)为75.3%～121.6%,相对标准偏差为0.4%-11.6%;15种苯脲除草剂在蔬菜中的检出限为0.005～0.05 mg/kg。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、选择性好,符合多种农药残留分析的要求。     

Multi-residue analysis of tranquillizers in meat: confirmatory assays using mass spectrometry.

A rapid and sensitive multi-residue method was developed to attempt to confirm the presence of the beta-blocker carazolol and the tranquillizers acepromazine, azaperone, chlorpromazine, propionylpromazine and xylazine in pig muscle tissues. The procedure involves determination by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The liquid chromatographic separation was performed on a Symmetry C18 column with gradient elution. A mixture of aqueous buffer, containing 0.01% m/v trifluoroacetic acid (pH 3.5), and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 ml min-1 was used as the mobile phase. The abundant parent ions [M+ H+] produced by positive electrospray ionisation were selected for collisional dissociation with argon. Fragment ions were recorded with daughter ion scan and multiple reaction monitoring. The analytes were identified unambiguously by assessing retention times and diagnostic ions in meat samples spiked from 50 micrograms kg-1 [maximum residue limit (MRL) for azaperone and azaperol] to 5 micrograms kg-1 (MRL for carazolol).     

固相萃取法与基质固相分散法在橙子中有机磷农药残留分析中的应用

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)同时测定橙子中痕量辛硫磷、二嗪农有机磷农药残留量的方法。样品经甲醇超声提取、C18固相萃取柱净化后,采用液相色谱柱分离,以乙腈-水(体积比为85∶15)为流动相等度洗脱,于254 nm下紫外检测。结果表明:在0.1～10.0 mg/L和0.4～10.0 mg/L范围内,辛硫磷、二嗪农的质量浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;样品的加标平均回收率为87.3%～102.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.9%～4.9%。将该分析结果与用基质固相分散法(MSPD)处理样品所得的结果相比较,发现SPE对二嗪农的提取效果较好,而MSPD对辛硫磷的提取效果较好,但两种方法都能较好地净化样品,均能满足残留量的分析要求。     

基质固相分散-气相色谱-离子阱串联质谱法分析牛奶中有机磷农药

将改进的基质固相分散法与GC-MS/MS分析方法结合应用于牛奶中13种有机磷农药残留的同时分析。优化各样品前处理参数后,样品与分散剂中性氧化铝研磨后,采用乙腈超声提取。过滤浓缩后以灭线磷为内标物,采用GC-MS/MS进行定性与定量分析。从样品前处理到分析约需1 h,当样品的加标水平为50、200μg/kg时,平均加标回收率为70.4%~117.6%,相对标准偏差为0.8%~19%;除倍硫磷和毒死蜱的检测限分别为5.60和9.35μg/kg外,其它11种有机磷农药的检测限均在0.37~3.77μg/kg之间;线性范围为25~500μg/kg,相关系数均大于0.9949。     

Applications of matrix solid-phase dispersion in food analysis

Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), a patented process for the simultaneous disruption and extraction of solid and semi-solid samples, was first reported in 1989. Since that time, MSPD has found application in numerous fields, but has proven to be particularly applicable for the analysis of drugs, pollutants, pesticides and other components in foods. The present article provides a review of these and related applications and discusses both the practical and theoretical aspects for the use of MSPD in sample processing.     

Fast solid phase extraction of polychlorobiphenyls and chlorinated pesticide residues from mussels using sep-pak cartridges

Summary A rapid method for the determination of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in mussels (Mytilus sp.) is reported. The mussel sample is homogenized and extracted with acetonitrile. The organic solution is concentrated and successively diluted with distilled water solution (12 g L⁻¹ NaCl). The organic compounds from water solution are adsorbed onto a NH₂ Sep-Pak cartridge. The clean-up step, in which the polychlorobiphenyls and chiorinated pesticides are separated in different eluates, is achieved by passing 25 mL of a 40% methanol aqueous solution through the NH₂ Sep-Pak and the C₁₈ Sep-Pak cartridges connected in series. The polychloroblphenyls are desorbed from the NH₂ Sep-Pak cartridge whilst the chlorinated peslicides are recovered from the C₁₈ Sep-Pak cartridge. In the separation of polychlorobiphenyls from the chlorinated pesticides tested in this work, only aldrin, hepatachlor and 4,4′-DDD are partially adsorbed with the polychlorobiphenyls onto the NH₂ Sep-Pak cartridge. The average recovery is ≥95.0% with a relative standard deviation ≤5.0%. The limits of detection for different pesticides and polychlorobiphenyl congeners are 0.01 and 0.008 μg Kg⁻¹. The final determination is carried out by capillary gas chromatography with ECD.     

Environmental analysis of organic compounds in water using solid phase micro extraction

Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) involves exposing a fused silica fiber coated with stationary phase to a contaminated water sample. The organic analytes become partitioned between the stationary phase and the water and when equilibrium is reached the fiber is removed from the solution and the analytes are thermally desorbed in the injector of a gas chromatograph. The fiber is contained in a syringe to facilitate handling. Factors which affect linear range, limit of detection, and total analysis time are discussed with regard to the development of a method for analysis of volatile compounds in environmental water samples. The sensitivity of the method was determined by the thickness of the film of stationary phase; the equilibration time, however, increased with the film thickness, although it can be minimized by use of a cross-shaped stirrer bar. Increasing the thickness of stationary phase in the analytical column enables the cryofocusing temperature to be increased from ?40 to ?15°C. With an ion trap mass spectrometer, detection limits required by the US Environmental Protection Agency are met for all compounds except chloromethane and chloroethane. The method has been applied to environmental water samples.