钢铁表面W—S簇合物彩色钝化膜的组成和结构

通过（ＮＨ４）２ＷＳ４溶液浸渍，在钢铁表面获得了具有良好装饰效果和耐蚀性能的彩色Ｗ－Ｓ簇合物膜．ＦＴ－ＩＲ、Ｆ－ＩＲ、ＦＴ－Ｒａｍａｎ、ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ分析结果表明，簇合物膜中存在Ｗ—Ｓ—Ｆｅ、端基Ｗ—Ｓ和端基Ｗ—Ｏ键，膜层由Ｗ、Ｓ、Ｆｅ、Ｏ元素组成，膜外层各元素价态分别为＋６、＋６（＋４）、＋３、－２，膜内层其价态则分别为＋６（＋４）、－２、＋２、－２．膜为多分子层结构，从ＡＥＳ深度分布曲线的组成恒定区求得了元素的相对原子分数和膜层厚度．反应时间越长，膜越厚．在２５０℃空气中加热２ｈ后膜层所含元素种类和价态不变，但各元素的分布和膜的结构发生了变化     

层间反应法制备CaGa2S4∶Ce电致发光器件

报道了用层间反应法制备ＣａＧａ２Ｓ４∶Ｃｅ薄膜，用电子束蒸发法交替沉积ＣａＳ∶Ｃｅ和Ｇａ２Ｓ３膜，然后经一定的处理，获得ＣａＧａ２Ｓ４∶Ｃｅ膜。Ｘ射线衍射、ＳＴＥＭ显微照片和ＥＤＸ等分析结果表明，产物为结晶度较好、符合ＣａＧａ２Ｓ４∶Ｃｅ化学计量比的发光薄膜，并得到了Ｃｅ３＋的蓝色发光谱。     

固相配位化学反应研究：LXVII.金属铜表面M—S（M=Mo,W）簇合物的组成

采用ＦＴＩＲ、ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ研究了金属铜表面Ｍ－Ｓ（Ｍ＝Ｍｏ，Ｗ）簇合物膜。结果表明，Ｍｏ（Ｗ）Ｓ＾２－４与铜表面的Ｃｕ２Ｏ反应，形成了Ｍｏ（Ｗ）－Ｓ－Ｃｕ键。簇合物膜由Ｍｏ（Ｗ），Ｓ，Ｃｕ，Ｏ元素组成，分别呈＋６、－２、＋１、－２价，膜为多分子层结构并保持，ＭｏＳ４或ＷＳ２单元，膜表面只有Ｃｕ，Ｏ而不存在Ｍｏ（Ｗ），Ｓ，膜层厚度与反应时间有关，时间越长，膜越厚，膜为多组分的复杂体系，其颜色是各组     

低信膜比条件下金膜电极电位溶出分析法研究

推导并验证了信号与金膜厚度的比值较小（即低信膜比）时金膜电极电位溶出分析法的过渡时间方程式和电位时间方程式。实验确定的理论式的应用条件为τ／ｌ２≤５８×１０１０ｓ／ｃｍ２，并发现当扩散路径约为扩散层厚度的３倍时，便可按半无限扩散条件处理扩散问题。从而解决了利用小信号进行金膜电极电位溶出基本问题，即信号与浓度的定量关系。     

层间反应法制备CaGa2S4：Ce电致发光器件

报道了用层间反应法制备了ＣａＧａ２Ｓ４：Ｃｅ薄膜，用电子束蒸发交替沉积ＣａＳ：Ｃｅ和Ｇａ２Ｓ３膜，然后经一定处理，获得了ＣａＧａ２Ｓ４；Ｃｅ膜。Ｘ射线衍射，ＳＴＥＭ显微归照片ＥＤＸ等分析结果表明，产物为结晶度较好，符合ＣａＧａ２Ｓ４；Ｃｅ化学计量比的发光薄膜，并得到了Ｃｅ＾３＋的蓝色发光谱。     

溶液组分对铝阳极氧化多孔膜界面电性能的影响

采用电渗法研究了电解质溶液组分对铝阳极氧化多孔膜层界面电性能的影响。结果表明，多孔膜分别经含Ｆ＾－，ＰＯ＾３－４，ＳｉＯ＾２－３或单宁酸溶液浸泡处理后，膜在０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ溶液中等电点由原来的ｐＨＩＥＰ＝９．２０分别移至ｐＨＩＥＰ＝３．４０，４．３０，３．３０display structure     

亚相酸度及金属离子对2—十六氨基甲酰基—8—羟基喹啉成…

合成了两亲配体２－十六氨基甲酰基－８－羟基喹啉（简称ＨＨＱ），研究了亚相酸度及金属离子对ＨＨＱ成膜性能的影响。金属离子的半径、电荷及核外价电子层结构不同的影响ＨＨＱＬａｎｇ－ｍｕｉｒ单分子层膜性能的本质原因，从含有Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋离子的亚相表面所制备的多层ＬＢ膜的吸收光谱中产生了一个新的吸收峰。     

固相配位化学反应研究LXVII．金属铜表面M－S（M＝Mo，W）簇合物膜的组成

采用ＦＴＩＲ、ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ研究了金属铜表面Ｍ－Ｓ（Ｍ＝Ｍｏ，Ｗ）簇合物膜。结果表明，Ｍｏ（Ｗ）与铜表面的Ｃｕ＿２Ｏ反应，形成了Ｍｏ（Ｗ）－Ｓ－Ｃｕ键；簇合物膜由Ｍｏ（Ｗ）、Ｓ、Ｃｕ、Ｏ元素组成，分别呈＋６、－２、＋１、－２价，膜为多分子层结构并保持ＭｏＳ＿４，或ＷＳ＿２单元，膜表面只有Ｃｕ、Ｏ而不存在Ｍｏ（Ｗ）、Ｓ．膜层厚度与反应时间有关，时间越长，膜越厚。膜为多组分的复杂体系，其颜色是各组分统计分布的结果。     

硅基多孔氧化铝膜的AES多层结构分析和生长过程研究

将电子束蒸发在硅衬底（Ｐ型，〈１００〉晶向，０－５ Ω·ｃｍ） 上厚度４００ ｎｍ 、纯度９９－９９ ％的铝膜，浸入具有中等溶解能力的１５ ｗｔ％ Ｈ２ＳＯ４ 中，ＤＣ恒压６０ Ｖ、恒温０ ℃条件下，进行多孔型过度阳极氧化处理，从而在Ｓｉ 基上得到包含空隙层的多孔氧化铝膜．通过对样品ＴＥＭ 平面形貌、ＳＥＭ 横断面形貌观察以及ＡＥＳ深度剖析，研究了样品的多层结构，并初步讨论了由此揭示出的硅基多孔氧化铝膜的生长过程     

均一沉淀法云母片被覆TiO2

利用硫酸氧钛和的均一沉淀反应法，在天然矿物云母上被覆ＴｉＯ２薄膜，讨论了薄膜形成主影响膜层结构的工艺因素，分阶段控制反应温度和时间有利于控制析出粒子形态和膜最，可获得均匀致密切的膜，不同厚度的膜层因光学干涉效应显示出各种色彩。     

Biomineralization‐Inspired Preparation of Zinc Hydroxide Carbonate/Polymer Hybrids and Their Conversion into Zinc Oxide Thin‐Film Photocatalysts

The development of ZnO thin films has been achieved through the conversion of zinc hydroxide carbonate thin‐film crystals. Crystallization of this compound is induced by a biomineralization‐inspired method with polymer‐stabilized amorphous precursors. The crystals grow radially on polymer matrices, leading to the formation of zinc hydroxide carbonate/polymer thin‐film hybrids that fully cover the substrate. These hybrids are converted into ZnO and retain their thin‐film morphologies. The resultant ZnO thin films exhibit a preferential crystallographic orientation that is attributed to the alignment of zinc hydroxide carbonate crystals before conversion. In addition, a photocatalytic function of the ZnO thin films has been demonstrated by analyzing the oxidation reaction of 2‐propanol. The biomineralization‐inspired approach reported herein is a promising way to develop ZnO materials with controlled morphologies and structures for photocatalytic applications.     

电沉积法制备固态染料敏化太阳能电池

本文采用一步电化学沉积的方法在导电玻璃上先后沉积了ZnO/染料复合薄膜以及CuSCN薄层,实现仅以电沉积法制备结构为ZnO/染料/CuSCN的固态染料敏化太阳能电池,电池的光电转换效率达到0.1%.在电沉积CuSCN前,脱附电沉积制备的ZnO/染料复合薄膜中的染料以形成多孔ZnO薄膜,然后通过染料再吸附得到染料敏化ZnO纳晶多孔薄膜.在电沉积过程中,ZnO和CuSCN的晶体尺寸、晶体取向和膜层形貌都可以进行比较精准的控制.探讨了影响沉积薄膜形貌和光电转换效率的因素,如旋转圆盘电极的旋转速度、电沉积温度以及染料敏化剂的选择.本文报道的低温电沉积制备全固态太阳能电池的方法为制备柔性染料敏化太阳能电池提供了一种新的思路.     

纳米光亮镀锌层的结构研究

用正电子湮没技术、X射线衍射技术和透射电子显微镜研究了氯化钾酸性纳米光亮镀锌层的晶体结构.结果表明,该纳米光亮镀锌层是一种介于晶态与非晶态之间的镀层结构,镀层中存在的有机物夹杂和渗氢以及纳米锌微晶中大量的界面原子使镀层具有很高的缺陷浓度,而且有机物夹杂和渗氢主要分布在纳米微晶的界面组元中.     

新型半菁染料阳离子和含锌硫代富瓦烯配阴离子的电荷转移复合物光电响应性质的研究

对一种新型半菁发色基团的碘化物--(反式)-N-十八烷基-4-(2-(4-(2-二甲基氨基)苯基)乙烯基)喹啉碘化物和含锌硫代富瓦烯配阴离子形成的电荷转移复合物:二-[(反式)-N-十八烷基-4-(2-(4-(2-二甲基氨基)苯基)乙烯基)喹啉]合硫代富瓦烯锌酸盐的成膜性以及它们的LB膜修饰ITO电极上的光电响应性质进行比较研究,用含锌硫代富瓦烯配阴离子对这种半菁发色团阳离子进行组装后,能够改善其成膜性,使单位面积上的半菁发色团数目增加.同时,含锌硫代富瓦烯配阴离子的强吸电子能力还影响半菁发色团的电荷分布,使之有利于电荷分离,从而提高了光电流的量子产率.在无外界影响时,其光电转化的量子产率达0.9%,是碘化物的1.8倍.     

Process aspects of electroless deposition for nickel–zinc–phosphorous alloys

Electroless deposition of Ni–Zn–P thin film was considered as a barrier film on a galvanic Zn or Ni–Zn sacrificial layer in a multicomponent corrosion protective coating on steel. The incorporation of zinc on the chemical composition of electroless Ni–Zn–P coating was studied. The effect of operating conditions such as temperature, pH value and concentration of zinc sulphate was investigated. Some physical characteristics such as morphology, structure, corrosion properties of Ni–Zn–P coatings were assessed in parallel with those of Ni–P. Inclusion of Zn to Ni–P is accompanied by the transformation of the coating structure from amorphous to crystalline. The effect of adding nonionic surfactant to the plating solution on the composition and surface morphologies was also investigated. The results indicate that nonionic surfactant has no effect on the Zn % in the deposit layer, but it affects the surface morphology and improves the corrosion resistance of Ni–Zn–P layers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Textile electrodes as substrates for the electrodeposition of porous ZnO

Metal-coated polyamide threads and filaments were chosen as substrate electrodes to deposit highly porous ZnO films for photovoltaic application. The films were electrodeposited at 70 degrees C from oxygen-saturated aqueous zinc salt solutions containing EosinY as a structure directing agent. The current density during deposition was increased compared with planar electrodes by enhanced diffusion at the filaments operating as cylindrical microelectrodes. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed an influence of geometrical constraints within the textiles and the hydrodynamic flow rate in the deposition solution on the film morphology. Photoelectrochemical characterization of sensitized films revealed the feasibility of the presented approach and indicated further steps needed for electrode optimization.     

Surface activation influencing the microstructure of Zn(Ca) phosphate coatings

Zinc and zinc calcium phosphate coatings on steel were formed by dipping in commercial baths. A surface activation with titanium phosphate influences not only the film morphology but also the composition of the conversion films. Qualitative phase analysis of the polycrystalline deposits reveals a typical phosphophyllite crystal growth apart from hopeite and scholzite respectively. The growth rate depends on the free surface of the steel; the contact area to the solution controls the rate of iron pickling.     

Zinc-cobalt alloy: electrodeposition and characterization

Zinc-cobalt alloy electrodeposits offer enhanced corrosion protection to steel, compared to zinc deposits. A near neutral zinc-cobalt alloy sulfate bath was developed. In the absence of β-naphthol and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), only a light grey and non-uniform deposit was obtained. Addition of boric acid yielded a grey and uniform deposit. To obtain the grey uniform alloy deposit, the optimum bath composition was: 0.5 M ZnSO₄, 0.5 M CoSO₄, 40 g/L H₃BO₃, 0.865 g/L SLS and 0.345 g/L β-naphthol. The current efficiency for alloy deposition was 50% in the current density range 0.5–2.5 A/dm². X-ray fluorescence studies on the alloy deposit formed on steel revealed 58–75% zinc on the surface. Anodic stripping voltammetric studies were carried out on zinc-cobalt alloy films formed on glassy carbon to identify the phases formed in the alloy. Zn-Co alloy film dissolution peaks suggested the existence of β, β₁ and γ phases of the alloy. Electronic Publication     

Raman study of oriented ZnO thin films deposited by sol-gel method

ZnO films with preferred orientation along the (0 0 2) plane were successfully deposited by the sol-gel method using Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O as starting material and inorganic precursor. A homogeneous and stable solution was prepared by dissolving the zinc acetate in a solution of ethanol and monoethanolamine. Thin films are obtained by spin-coating on glass substrates. ZnO films were obtained by preheating the spin-coated films at 300 degrees C for 10 min after each coating and postheating upto 550 degrees C for 2h. The as-deposited films are transformed into mono-oriented ZnO upon thermal treatment. The films consist of spongy particles aggregates with an uniform size and homogenous surface. The films aim to be used in optoelectronic devices. Raman spectroscopy from ZnO films and deposit solutions has been investigated. New Raman results of the deposit solution suggest that Zn-O bond forms first in solution and that these entities play the role of germs initiating the crystallization mechanisms during films annealing. Raman spectra of the annealed films show the presence of a compressive stress within the film structure.     

Porous copper zinc tin sulfide thin film as photocathode for double junction photoelectrochemical solar cells

Porous copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) thin film was prepared via a solvothermal approach. Compared with conventional dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), double junction photoelectrochemical cells using dye-sensitized n-type TiO(2) (DS-TiO(2)) as the photoanode and porous p-type CZTS film as the photocathode shows an increased short circuit current, external quantum efficiency and power conversion efficiency.