甲烷部分氧化制合成气Ⅱ．镍系催化剂的反应性能

主要用第四周期金属元素的氧化物与Ａｌ２Ｏ３的复合氧化物催化剂上甲烷氧化的结果证实了催化剂设计中的预测：（１）催化剂首先应能解离活化甲烷，（２）催化剂要能较快地活化Ｏ２分子．只有同时满足这两个条件，催化剂才可能有较好的甲烷部分氧化活性．第四周期元素中只有镍具有这样的性质．Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｒ，Ｌａ，Ｃａ，Ｚｎ等氧化物的添加可明显提高Ｎｉ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的甲烷部分氧化性能，其中Ｃｕ的助催化性能最好．催化剂ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＮｉＯ－ＭｎＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＮｉＯ－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的反应活性和选择性顺序，与金属Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｒ上ＣＯ和Ｈ２脱附的顺序是一致的     

添加Ag对Cu／γ－Al_2O_3催化剂

运用ＢＥＴ、ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＲ及苯和丙酮氧化活性测定等方法研究了Ｃｕ／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３和Ｃｕ－Ａｇ／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂的还原性能和对有机物的催化活性。结果表明：不同金属负载量的Ｃｕ／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂的还原性能有明显差异，反映出催化剂表面存在着不同种类的铜物种。Ａｇ的添加使催化剂的ＴＰＲ峰位发生明显位移，提高了催化剂对有机物的催化氧化活性。同时还发现，热处理温度对催化剂中铜物种的存在形式、催化还原特性及催化活性有明显影响．Ａｇ在一定程度上提高了催化剂的热稳定性。     

NaCl和B2O3在修饰FeOχ催化剂中的协同作用

应用连续催化反应，ＸＰＳ，ＸＲＤ，Ｈ２－ＴＰＲ，Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ和Ｉｎ－ｓｉｔｕ Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱等方法表征了一系列组成不同的ＮａＣｌ／Ｂ２Ｏ３／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３催化剂。结果表明ＮａＣｌ与Ｂ２Ｏ３在修饰ＦｅＯｘ催化剂上存在明显的协同作用，Ｂ２Ｏ３调变了ＦｅＯｘ的还原能力，ＮａＣｌ修饰了Ｂ２Ｏ３／ＦｅＯｘ使之具有很高的还原速度与晶格氧气化速度。催化剂的催化性能同这种协同作用密切相关。     

添加Ag对Cu／γ—Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

运用ＢＥＴ、ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＲ及苯和丙酮氧化活性测定等方面研究了Ｃｕ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｃｕ－Ａｇ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的还原性能和有机物的催化活性，结果表明，不同金属负载量的Ｃｕ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的还原性能有明显差异，反映出催化剂表面存在着不同种类的铜物种，Ａｇ的添加使催化剂的ＴＰＲ峰位发生明显位移，提高了催化剂对有机物的催人活性，同时发现，热处理温度牟催伦剂中铜物种的存在形式、催化还原特性及催化     

含氟Y—Ba—Cu—O高温超导体稳定性与结构的研究

应用ＢａＦ２，ＣｕＦ２和ＹＦ３分别部分代换ＢａＯ，ＣｕＯ和Ｙ２Ｏ３制得了一系列带有氟元素的Ｙ－Ｂａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ高温超导体样品，其中ＢａＦ２代换ＢａＯ的摩尔量可达４５％，样品的零电阻温度为８２．５－９３．５Ｋ。应用ＸＲＤ，ＤＴＡ，ＩＲ和化学方法研究了样品的结构和稳定性。     

Ba—La2O3催化剂的表面碱性,活性氧种对甲烷氧化偶联的影响

利用ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ技术考察了Ｂａ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３系催化剂的表面碱性，实验发现，催化剂表面仅有单一的强碱位或中碱位时，其催化性能均较差。只有表面的中碱位与强碱位以适当量共同存在的样品（６％Ｂａ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３），才能获得好的催化活性和Ｃ２选择性。此碱性特征可能有利于表面活性位的产生。同时利用ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ等技术分别对体相结构和表面氧物种进行了研究。结果表明，Ｂａ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３系催化剂表面存在Ｏ２＾２－离子，但     

La—Ba—Cu复合氧化物在催化消除NO反应中催化性能的研究

合成了具有钙钛石结构的复合氧化物ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７、ＬａＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７、ＬａＢａＣｕ２Ｏ５、Ｌａ２ＢａＣｕ３Ｏ７和Ｌａ４ＢａＣｕ５Ｏ１２。考察了它们对ＮＯ分解和ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应的催化性能。结合化学分析、ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＤ和ＴＰＲ对催化剂的表征结构，探讨了该系列复合氧化物对ＮＯ分解和ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应的催化机理。     

SURFACE STUDIES ON A YBa_2Cu_3O_(6～7) CATALYST FOR CO_2 HYDROGENATION TO METHANOL

研究了ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ６～７超导催化剂上ＣＯ２的加氢反应。应用ＴＰＤ、ＴＰＲ、ＳＥＭ和原位ＦＴＩＲ等技术对催化剂进行表征发现，ＣＯ２极易吸附到ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ６～７催化剂的氧空位上。反应过的催化剂易被还原。反应的中间物种是醛基和甲酸根。根据ＦＴＩＲ结果提出甲醇是ＣＯ２和Ｈ２反应的直接产物，ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２→ＣＨ３ＯＨ＋Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２→ＣＯ＋Ｈ２Ｏ是体系中存在的平行反应     

以活性碳纤维为载体的催化剂对NO的催化还原作用：二.镍系催化剂

前文报导了活性碳纤维（ＡＣＦ）载体催化剂Ｃｕ（ＮＯ３）２－ＡＣＦ在较低温度下就可催化ＮＨ３还原ＮＯ成为Ｎ２，但这种催化剂活性在高温时有随时间而明显下降的缺点。为了进一步探索新型高效长寿命催化剂，本工作研究了另一组催化剂体系－镍系ＡＣＦ载体催化剂外ＮＯ的催化还原作用，探讨了催化剂的结构以及各种影响催化效果的因素，实验结果再次表明ＡＣＦ在催化剂中起到活性载体的作用。Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２－ＶＡＣＦ催化剂在较高温度时对ＮＯ具有良好催化还原效果，在２５０～４００℃之间，其ＮＯ较化率比相同温度下的Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２－ＳｉＯ２对ＮＯ转化率高３０～４０％。Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２－ＶＡＣＦ催化剂的催化组分主要是单质镍，它的寿命比Ｃｕ（ＮＯ３）２－ＡＣＦ有明显的改善。催化剂负载量及催化剂用量增加或ＡＣＦ比表面积减少，ＮＯ转化率增加；载气流量及ＮＯ流量增加或ＮＨ３流量减少，ＮＯ转化率降低。     

含氟Y－Ba－Cu－O高温超导体稳定性与结构的研究

应用ＢａＦ２、ＣｕＦ２和ＹＦ３分别部分代换ＢａＯ、ＣｕＯ和Ｙ２Ｏ３制得了一系列带有氟元素的Ｙ－Ｂａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ高温超导体样品，其中ＢａＦ２代换ＢａＯ的摩尔量可达４５％，样品的零电阻温度为８２．５～９３．５Ｋ。应用ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ、ＩＲ和化学方法研究了样品的结构和稳定性。初步实验结果表明，氟元素只有少量进入超导相，但含氟的Ｙ－Ｂａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ超导体在水蒸气和二氧化碳中的稳定性则大大提高。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.