A coaxial HOM coupler for a superconducting RF cavity and its low-power measurement results

A resonant buildup of beam-induced fields in a superconducting radio frequency (RF) cavity may make a beam unstable or a superconducting RF cavity quench. Higher-order mode (HOM) couplers are used for damping higher-order modes to avoid such a resonant buildup. A coaxial HOM coupler based on the TTF (TESLA Test Facility) HOM coupler has been designed for the superconducting RF cavities at the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) in order to overcome notch frequency shift and feed-through tip melting issues. In order to confirm the HOM coupler design and finalize its structural dimensions, two prototype HOM couplers have been fabricated and tested. Low-power testing and measurement of the HOM couplers has shown that the HOM coupler has good filter properties and can fully meet the damping requirements of the PEFP low-beta superconducting RF linac.     

Measuring the performance of the coaxial HOM coupler on a 2-cell TESLA-shape copper cavity

Coaxial High Order Mode （HOM） couplers have been fabricated at Peking University and their RF performance has been measured on a test device consisting of a coaxial transmission line and a 2-cell TESLA-shape copper cavity. The test results on the 2-cell TESLA-shape copper cavity with HOM couplers indicate that the coupler can cut off the fundamental mode TM010 and absorb HOMs effectively after a careful adjustment. The optimal angle of the HOM coupler with the beam tube is found. The initial test results of HOM couplers are presented in this paper.     

Measuring the performance of the coaxial HOM coupler on a 2-cell TESLA-shape copper cavity

Coaxial High Order Mode (HOM) couplers have been fabricated at Peking University and their RF performance has been measured on a test device consisting of a coaxial transmission line and a 2-cellTESLA-shape copper cavity. The test results on the 2-cell TESLA-shape copper cavity with HOM couplers indicate that the coupler can cut off the fundamental mode TM010 and absorb HOMs effectively after a careful adjustment. The optimal angle of the HOM coupler with the beam tube is found. The initial test results of HOM couplers are presented in this paper.     

Study and design of RF coupler for Chinese ADS HWR superconducting cavity

An RF power coupler is a key component of the superconducting accelerating system in Chinese ADS proton linac injector I, which is used to transmit 15 kW RF power from the power source to the superconducting HWR cavity. According to the requirement of working frequency, power level, transmission capability and cooling condition, the physics design of coupler has been finished, which includes RF structure optimization, thermal simulation, thermal stress analysis and so on. Based on this design, the prototype of HWR coupler has been fabricated, and it has successfully passed the high power test.     

Study and design of RF coupler for Chinese ADS HWR superconducting cavity

An RF power coupler is a key component of the superconducting accelerating system in Chinese ADS proton linac injector I, which is used to transmit 15 kW RF power from the power source to the superconducting HWR cavity. According to the requirement of working frequency, power level, transmission capability and cooling condition, the physics design of coupler has been finished, which includes RF structure optimization, thermal simulation, thermal stress analysis and so on. Based on this design, the prototype of HWR coupler has been fabricated, and it has successfully passed the high power test.     

Stop band characteristics of a TESLA cavity coaxial-type HOM coupler

A TTF-type coaxial higher order modes (HOM) coupler has been used in a TESLA 9 cell cavity. It is impossible to measure the stop band characteristics of the HOM coupler with the cavity. A measurement device for the coaxial transmission line type for the HOM coupler has been designed at Peking University. Experimentally it was shown that the average voltage standing wave ratio of the coaxial transmission line is smaller than 1.08. The experimental results of the stop band characteristics of the TTF-type HOM coupler have been fitted for the simulation. This paper describes the design of the measurement device and discusses the experimental and simulation results of stop band characteristics of the HOM coupler.     

Stop band characteristics of a TESLA cavity coaxial-type HOM coupler

A TTF-type coaxial higher order modes (HOM) coupler has been used in a TESLA 9 cell cavity. It is impossible to measure the stop band characteristics of the HOM coupler with the cavity. A measurement device for the coaxial transmission line type for the HOM coupler has been designed at Peking University. Experimentally it was shown that the average voltage standing wave ratio of the coaxial transmission line is smaller than 1.08. The experimental results of the stop band characteristics of the TTF-type HOM coupler have been fitted for the simulation. This paper describes the design of the measurement device and discusses the experimental and simulation results of stop band characteristics of the HOM coupler.     

LOM and HOM damping study in a superconducting deflecting cavity for ALS at LBNL

Superconducting deflecting cavities can be used in synchrotron light source to generate subpico-second X-ray pulses while the impedance of the lower order modes (LOM) and higher order modes (HOM) in the cavity should be kept below an accepted level to avoid beam instability. These modes can be damped by adding waveguide on beam pipe. Detailed simulation of Q in CST Microwave     

Design of a capacitive main power coupler for RF superconducting accelerators

An updated main coupler has been designed for the superconducting accelerator of Free Electron Laser (FEL) project under construction in Peking University. A capacitive structure is chosen for the main coupler. Numerical investigation using CST Microwave Studio demonstrates the cold window part. The other nonstandard structures such as holding rods and antenna are also optimized. The coupler uses a 95% purity Al₂O₃ ceramic cold window. The VSWR (Vottage Standing Wave Ratio) is 1.02 at 1.3GHz and the frequency bandwidth is 45MHz with VSWR<1.1. The electric field intensity is 8.5×10^－2kV/mm around the window with 20kW Continuous Wave (CW) transmitted power. The Q_ext is designed variable from 5×10⁶ to 1×10⁷.     

LOM and HOM damping study in a superconducting deflecting cavity for ALS at LBNL

Superconducting deflecting cavities can be used in synchrotron light source to generate subpicosecond X-ray pulses while the impedance of the lower order modes (LOM) and higher order modes (HOM) in the cavity should be kept below an accepted level to avoid beam instability. These modes can be damped by adding waveguide on beam pipe. Detailed simulation of Q in CST Microwave Studio is introduced and experiment results on an aluminum model cavity with damping waveguide are reported to make a comparison.     

Design of a capacitive main power coupler for RF superconducting accelerators

An updated main coupler has been designed for the superconducting accelerator of Free Electron Laser (FEL) project under construction in Peking University. A capacitive structure is chosen for the main coupler. Numerical investigation using CST Microwave Studio demonstrates the cold window part. The other nonstandard structures such as holding rods and antenna are also optimized. The coupler uses a 95% purity Al2O3 ceramic cold window. The VSWR (Vottage Standing Wave Ratio) is 1.02 at 1.3 GHz and the frequency bandwidth is 45 MHz with VSWR<1.1. The electric field intensity is 8.5×10m-2 kV/mm around the window with 20 kW Continuous Wave (CW) transmitted power. The Qext is designed variable from 5×106 to 1×107.     

Design and simulation of a new type of 500 MHz single-cell superconducting RF cavity

This paper illustrates the design and simulation of a unique 500 MHz single-cell superconducting radio frequency cavity with a fluted beam pipe and a coaxial-type fundamental power coupler. The simulation results show that the cavity has a high r/Q value, a low peak surface field and a large beam aperture, so it can be a candidate cavity for high current accelerators. With the help of a fluted beam tube, almost all the higher order modes can propagate out of the cavity, especially the first two dipole modes, TE₁₁₁ and TM₁₁₀, and the first higher monopole mode, TM₀₁₁. The external quality factor of the coaxial fundamental power coupler is optimized to 1.2×10⁵, which will be useful when it is applied in the light source storage ring.     

散裂中子源漂移管直线加速器功率耦合器的冷测及分析(英)

功率耦合器是中国散裂中子源(CSNS)漂移管直线段(DTL)的关键部件之一,其耦合系数通常通过调节耦合孔尺寸得到,为了确保耦合系数达到设计值,制造了一个冷模进行耦合度的调节。在冷模测量过程中,发现了仅通过改变耦合孔尺寸耦合系数达不到目标值的问题,因此提出了一种与测量结果对比有良好仿真精度的新模型用于分析,并使用该仿真模型分析了PEFP使用的理论及影响耦合度的主要参数。最终耦合度被调节至目标值,正式件的冷测结果也表明其与仿真结果基本相同。     

固定频率后同轴谐振腔尺寸与TMn10模式阶数的可调性

研究了高频段微波同轴谐振腔高阶横磁模式TMn10的系列相关参数,发现对于确定的工作频率,可以根据器件功率的大小与工作环境的不同而比较自由地选择谐振腔的横截面尺寸及TMn10模式的阶数,即在较高频率下,可以采取较大横截面的腔体以便提升功率。根据计算所得的模式图,调节腔体尺寸和选择工作模式阶数,使工作模式与其相邻的模式有较大的模式间隔以增加带宽,并且获得较大的特性阻抗。编程理论计算的大量结果与用高频电磁场软件ISFEL 3D仿真的结果吻合较好。     

固定频率后同轴谐振腔尺寸与TM_(n10)模式阶数的可调性

研究了高频段微波同轴谐振腔高阶横磁模式TMn10的系列相关参数,发现对于确定的工作频率,可以根据器件功率的大小与工作环境的不同而比较自由地选择谐振腔的横截面尺寸及TMn10模式的阶数,即在较高频率下,可以采取较大横截面的腔体以便提升功率。根据计算所得的模式图,调节腔体尺寸和选择工作模式阶数,使工作模式与其相邻的模式有较大的模式间隔以增加带宽,并且获得较大的特性阻抗。编程理论计算的大量结果与用高频电磁场软件ISFEL 3D仿真的结果吻合较好。     

Design and experiments for the waveguide to coaxial cable adapter of a cavity beam position monitor

The waveguide to coaxial cable adapter is very important to the cavity beam position monitor(CBPM)because it determines how much of the energy in the cavity could be coupled outside.In this paper,the waveguide to coaxial cable adapter of a CBPM is designed and experiments are conducted.The curve shapes of experiments and simulations are very similar and the difference in reflection is less than 0.1.This progress provides a reliable method for designing the adapter.     

Design and experiments for the waveguide to coaxial cable adapter of a cavity beam position monitor

The waveguide to coaxial cable adapter is very important to the cavity beam position monitor (CBPM) because it determines how much of the energy in the cavity could be coupled outside. In this paper, the waveguide to coaxial cable adapter of a CBPM is designed and experiments are conducted. The curve shapes of experiments and simulations are very similar and the difference in reflection is less than 0.1. This progress provides a reliable method for designing the adapter.     

Simulation and experiments for the Q_(ext) of a cavity beam position monitor

The external Q (Q_(ext)) of the dipole mode is a key parameter of the Cavity Beam Position Monitor (CBPM).It determines the amplitude and length of the dipole mode signal.In this paper,Q_(ext) of a CBPM whose waveguides were open to the air was simulated and measured,and the results agreed with each other.Then four waveguide-to-coaxial cable adpaters were adjusted and assembled to the CBPM,and Q_(ext) remained unchanged.This progress provides a reliable method to evaluate Q_(ext) in the physics design without simulating the structurally complex adapters.     

同轴电缆头和转接头HPM击穿现象初步分析

介绍了同轴电缆头和转接头的HPM击穿实验研究方法,给出了几种电缆头和转接头微波击穿功率随微波频率、脉冲宽度、重复频率和脉冲持续时间变化规律的实验研究结果。结果表明:微波击穿发生在同轴电缆头连接处,是电缆接头沿面滑闪,且击穿功率随同轴电缆及转接头尺寸的减小而降低;击穿功率也随微波脉冲宽度（30 ns～1 μs）的增大而减小,并且在100 ns附近有一拐点;在低重复频率（1～1000 Hz）下,重频对击穿功率的影响不大;微波频率在2.856～9.37 GHz变化时,微波频率对击穿功率的影响不明显;微波脉冲宽度较窄时（几十ns以下）,击穿功率随持续时间变化不大,脉冲宽度较宽时（百ns以上）,击穿阈值随持续时间的增大而下降。     

Design of a higher harmonic cavity for the SSRF storage ring

Higher harmonic cavity used in the third generation synchrotron light source increases the Touschek lifetime.The higher harmonic cavity of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)is a 1.5 GHz passive superconducting cavity.Its higher order modes(HOM)are extracted by a ferrite HOM damper out of the cryostat.Multi-cell cavity is chosen concerning the voltage.The harmonic cavity dynamics,beam dynamics with passive harmonic cavity and the design of single cell cavity are included in this paper.