Kinetic Study of Catalytic Hydrogenation of Thiophene on a Palladium Sulfide Catalyst

The kinetics of thiophene hydrogenation on a palladium sulfide catalyst is studied at high hydrogen pressures. The reaction mainly occurs via the consecutive scheme: the reaction of thiophene with hydrogen results in the formation of tetrahydrothiophene, which partially decomposes under the action of hydrogen to yield butane and hydrogen sulfide. A kinetic model describing the reaction rates and the selectivity to tetrahydrothiophene at 0.2–3.0 MPa and 493–533 K is proposed. The rate constants and activation energies are determined. The effect of temperature and pressure on the maximal yield of tetrahydrothiophene is examined.     

原位液相催化加氢法合成N-乙基苯胺和N，N-二乙基苯胺

以硝基苯为原料,Pt/γ-Al2O3为催化剂,乙醇水溶液为溶剂和氢供体,采用原位液相加氢一步法合成了N-乙基苯胺和N,N-二乙基苯胺.采用低温N2吸附-脱附、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、X射线衍射、程序升温化学吸附和透射电子显微镜等对Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了表征,并考察了所制备催化剂的原位液相加氢性能.结果表明,在温度为503K、压力为5.0MPa、空速为3.2h-1、溶剂水含量为30%以及硝基苯浓度为8%的反应条件下,在Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂上原位液相加氢合成N-乙基苯胺及N,N-二乙基苯胺有较好的结果,硝基苯转化率达到100%,N-乙基苯胺和N,N-二乙基苯胺的总收率达到99.5%.讨论了硝基苯原位液相加氢合成N-乙基苯胺和N,N-二乙基苯胺的反应机理.     

碳纳米管负载Pt-Sn-B非晶态催化剂催化氯代硝基苯

 用浸渍-化学还原法制备了碳纳米管负载的Pt-Sn-B非晶态催化剂,并采用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、选区电子衍射、X射线能谱等表征手段研究了催化剂在碳纳米管表面的存在状态、组成及其非晶性质. 将此催化剂用于三种氯代硝基苯的液相催化加氢反应,结果表明该催化剂具有较好的加氢性能和较高的抑制脱卤性能. 在不添加脱卤抑制剂的情况下,三种氯代硝基苯的转化率均高于99.8%,脱卤率小于1.9%. 而将通用加氢催化剂用于相同的反应时,产物的脱卤率均高于8%. 碳纳米管的特殊结构与表面金属的非晶性质是影响氯代硝基苯加氢性能的主要因素. 讨论了碳纳米管与表面非晶态金属的作用规律及其与催化加氢性能的关系.     

甘氨酸—N,N—双亚甲基膦酸锆—钯催化剂的催化加氢性能

甘氨酸┐Ｎ，Ｎ┐双亚甲基膦酸锆┐钯催化剂的催化加氢性能傅相锴＊马学兵刘昌华何佑秋（西南师范大学化学化工学院重庆６３０７１５）关键词甘氨酸－Ｎ，Ｎ－双亚甲基膦酸锆，钯催化剂，催化加氢，催化活性１９９６－０３－２５收稿，１９９６－０６－１９修回国家自然科...     

树枝状钯纳米结构的控制合成及硝基苯加氢反应的催化活性

以氯钯酸为前驱体, 苯甲醇为还原剂和溶剂, 十六烷基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为稳定剂, 在微波辐射下制备了分散均匀、形貌均一的树枝状钯纳米结构. 产物用透射电子显微镜(TEM), X射线粉末衍射(XRD), X射线光电子能谱(XPS)进行了表征, 表明所制备的Pd纳米颗粒呈树枝状, 形貌单一, 分散均匀, 是由许多近似圆形的小颗粒自组装而成的二级结构. 对树枝状钯催化硝基苯加氢反应进行探究, 表明树枝状钯的催化活性比市售的钯碳催化剂的催化活性高.     

载体对钯催化剂催化苯酚加氢制环己酮性能的影响

分别以MgO,-γAl2O3和镁铝水滑石(HT)为载体,PdCl2为活性金属前驱体,采用等体积浸渍法制得Pd质量分数为0.5%的Pd/MgO,Pd/Al2O3和Pd/HT催化剂,考察了它们对苯酚加氢制环己酮的催化活性和选择性.采用X射线衍射、N2吸附、H2程序升温脱附、CO2程序升温脱附和X射线光电子能谱等手段对这些催化剂进行了表征,并与催化活性和选择性关联.实验结果表明,载体的平均孔径越大,催化剂的表面Pd含量越高,催化剂表面的碱中心越多,则越有利于氢和苯酚在催化剂表面的吸附,从而提高苯酚的转化率和环己酮选择性.在反应温度为130℃,H2与苯酚摩尔比为4,LHSV为0.19 h-1的条件下,0.5%Pd/HT催化剂上苯酚的转化率可达90%,环己酮的选择性可达97%以上.     

Preparation of Dendritic Carbosilane-supported Palladium Catalyst and Its Catalytic Activity in Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds

A great deal of interest has been shown in the field of dendrimer during the past decade1-10.Among the main potential applications of dendrimer,catalysis stands as one of the most promising applications,because dendrimers offer a unique opportunity to combine the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis11.It is possible to change the structure,size,and solubility of dendrimers and metallodendrimers at will12.It has been demonstrated that this metallodendritic catalyst is possible …     

浆态床用CuO/ZrO2催化剂的完全液相法合成及其对CO加氢的催化性能

 利用完全液相法制备了CuO/ZrO2浆状催化剂,通过X射线衍射、氮气吸附和程序升温还原等方法对催化剂的结构和织构性质进行了研究,并考察了CuO/ZrO2催化剂上CO加氢反应的性能. 结果表明,本方法制备的CuO/ZrO2浆状催化剂具有与传统方法制备的固体催化剂相似的相结构; 利用共沸蒸馏法进行表面处理后, CuO/ZrO2催化剂分散均匀且易于还原; CuO/ZrO2浆状催化剂用于CO加氢反应时,不需另外添加甲醇脱水剂就可以直接合成二甲醚,在473 K时CuO/ZrO2对二甲醚的选择性达到92.1%, 并且在15 d的反应中催化剂呈现出良好的稳定性.     

氧化镁负载三聚氰胺缩甲醛高分子钯配合物催化剂催化加氢制备葡辛胺的研究

以氧化镁负载三聚氰胺缩甲醛高分子钯配合物为催化剂, 对葡萄糖与正辛胺催化加氢制备葡辛胺进行了研究. 结果表明在以60 mL乙醇为溶剂, 三乙胺为添加剂(1.0 mL), 于60 ℃的反应温度, 1.5 MPa反应氢压, 0.7 g催化剂用量下反应6 h, 37.2 mmol葡萄糖与31 mmol正辛胺催化加氢可得产率为57.6%的葡辛胺. 相对于雷内镍催化剂, 该催化剂制备简单,制备过程无污染、对环境友好,产物纯度高,并具有适当的可重复使用,因此氧化镁负载三聚氰胺缩甲醛高分子钯配合物是葡辛胺制备的良好催化剂.     

Hydrogenation of Ketones on Dispersed Chiral-Modified Palladium Nanoparticles

Hydrogenation of acetophenone and esters of ketoacids with molecular hydrogen in the presence of the Pd(acac)₂–(–)-cinchonidine–H₂ catalytic system has been studied. The dependence of the molar ratio of (–)-cinchonidine/Pd on size and shape of palladium nanoparticles, formed in the system, also on reaction rate and enantioselectivity has been established. The nature of the regularities observed for the Pd(acac)₂–(–)-cinchonidine–H₂ catalytic system was discussed.     

Catalysts Based on Fiberglass Supports: V. Absorption and Catalytic Properties of Palladium Catalysts Based on a Leached Silica-Fiberglass Support in the Selective Hydrogenation of an Ethylene–Acetylene Mixture

The absorption and catalytic properties of palladium catalysts (0.01% Pd) based on leached soda–silica fiberglass supports were studied in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene as the constituent of an ethylene–acetylene mixture. It was found that fiberglass catalysts exhibited much higher selectivity than traditional supported Pd catalysts. It was suggested that the high selectivity in the reaction of acetylene hydrogenation resulted from the selective absorption (diffusion) of acetylene in the bulk of fiberglass, where Pd microparticles are localized.     

Influence of the Deposition Parameters on the Characteristics of Aerosol-Gel Deposited Thin Films

The aerosol-gel process is a thin film deposition process based on the sol-gel polymerisation of a liquid film deposited from an ultrasonically sprayed aerosol. This process offers an attractive alternative for the deposition of sol-gel thin films. The effects of the aerosol deposition route on the film characteristics have been investigated with regard to sol-gel chemistry. TEOS solutions have been studied by viscosimetry and FTIR spectroscopy using an ATR device. Silica xerogel coatings have been studied by transmission FTIR and optical microscopy. Film morphology and uniformity depend closely on the aerosol deposition conditions. The film growth is controlled by a droplet coalescence surface phenomenon.     

Efficient Coupling of Solar Energy to Catalytic Hydrogenation by Using Well‐Designed Palladium Nanostructures

A Ru³⁺‐mediated synthesis for the unique Pd concave nanostructures, which can directly harvest UV‐to‐visible light for styrene hydrogenation, is described. The catalytic efficiency under 100 mW cm^?2 full‐spectrum irradiation at room temperature turns out to be comparable to that of thermally (70 °C) driven reactions. The yields obtained with other Pd nanocrystals, such as nanocubes and octahedrons, are lower. The nanostructures reported here have sufficient plasmonic cross‐sections for light harvesting in a broad spectral range owing to the reduced shape symmetry, which increases the solution temperature for the reaction by the photothermal effect. They possess a large quantity of atoms at corners and edges where local heat is more efficiently generated, thus providing active sites for the reaction. Taken together, these factors drastically enhance the hydrogenation reaction by light illumination.     

Bimetallic Pd/Sn-based Nanoparticles and their Catalytic Properties in the Semihydrogenation of Diphenylacetylene

Multimetallic nanoparticles often enhance the catalytic performance of their monometallic counterparts by increasing reaction rates, catalyst selectivity, and/or stability. A prerequisite for understanding structure- and composition-associated properties, however, is the careful design of multimetallic nanoparticles with various structures and compositions. Here, bimetallic Pd/Sn-based nanoparticles are prepared with a tunable composition and structure exploiting ionic liquids (ILs) as reaction medium (i. e., methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide). The nanoparticles are obtained in a one-pot synthetic procedure by reducing the metal salt precursors with triethylborohydride in the IL. The results show that the reaction parameters, in particular the nature and ratio of the Pd²⁺/Sn²⁺ precursors as well as the reaction temperature, influence NP formation and composition. X-ray diffraction with Rietveld analysis and transmission electron microscopy are employed to determine NP size and phase composition. Under optimized reaction conditions Pd₂Sn or PdSn nanocrystals are formed as single-phase products after introducing an additional annealing step at 200 °C. Nanocrystals with intermetallic composition reveal enhanced catalytic properties in the semihydrogenation of diphenylacetylene which was used as a model reaction.     

Catalytic Hydrogenation of Halothiazoles

The hydrogenation of halothiazoles is described. The best results were obtained utilizing 10% palladium on carbon as catalyst at four atmospheres of pressure with the bromide derivatives.     

不对称催化氢化反应进展

对各种含不饱和双键C＝Z（Z＝C,N,O）的潜手性底物催化的发展状况进行了较为详细的总结,对近几年来在该领域出现的新的配体（或催化剂）的性能特点进行了评述。     

Catalytic Hydrogenation over Palladium Complex of Molecular Complex of Poly(4-vinylpyridine) with Acetic Acid

The palladium complex of the molecular complex of poly(4-vinylpyridine)with acetic acid (PVP/HAc-Pd) was prepared.Its catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene was found much higher than that of the corresponding palladium complex of poly(4-vinylpyridine).In the presence of a strong inorganic alkali.especially potassium hydroxide.the catalytic activity is greatly improved.The suitable hydrogenation condition for PVP/HAc-Pd is to use 0.1mol/L ethanol solution of potassium hydroxide as the hydrogenation medium and the hydrogenation is carried out at 45 ℃。