电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定不锈钢食具容器中12种重金属元素的迁移量

经清洗的不锈钢食具容器中加入乙酸(4+96)溶液至规定体积,煮沸30min,冷却,补充乙酸溶液至原体积,在室温浸泡24h,所得溶液用于原子发射光谱法测定其中的12种元素的含量。选择强度相对较高且干扰较少的谱线作为所测定元素的分析线,对3项仪器工作参数进行了优化,结果表明:发生器射频功率1 250W;载气流量0.6L·min-1;观测高度16mm。12种元素的质量浓度均在0.05~1.0mg·L-1范围内与其谱线强度之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3s)在0.001~0.013mg·L-1之间。对方法的回收率进行了试验,测得回收率在98.2%~104%之间,对浸出液平行测定10次,测定值的相对标准偏差均小于3.0%。     

轴向观测电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定天然纺织纤维中24种元素

应用轴向观测电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了天然纺织纤维中24种元素的含量。称取样品0.5g,用硝酸8mL在程序升温(150℃~200℃)的条件下微波消解40min,所得溶液用7mol·L-1硝酸溶液定容至25mL后分析。选用棉纤维标准物质IAEA-V-9按上述方法处理作为质控样品。所选择的仪器工作条件:①雾化气流量0.8L·min-1;②射频功率1 250W;③手动进样读数时间60s。结果表明:24种元素的检出限(3s)在0.3~59.7μg·L-1之间。各元素在10.0mg·L-1范围内呈线性。样品经微波消解未引起被测元素的损失。用此方法分析了IAEA-V-9标准物质,所测14种元素的测定值(n=11)与认定值之间的相对误差在-38.8%~49.6%之间。     

有机直接进样-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法直接测定醇系食品模拟物中特定元素的迁移量

采用有机直接进样-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法直接测定醇系食品模拟物中特定元素钡、钴、铜、铁、锰、锌和锂的迁移量。有机进样系统的射频功率为1 350 W,雾化气流量为0.30L·min-1,冷却气流量为13L·min-1,辅助气流量为1.0L·min-1。7种元素在一定的质量浓度范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)在0.6~7.8μg·L-1之间。加标回收率在98.2%~107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)小于2.0%。     

电导抑制-梯度淋洗离子色谱法同时测定啤酒中多种有机酸和阴离子

建立了电导抑制-梯度淋洗离子色谱法测定啤酒中26种有机酸和阴离子的方法,通过对色谱柱、流速、p H值、淋洗液浓度等实验影响因素的研究,探索出了适合26种组分测定的多级梯度淋洗条件。结果表明,当流速为1.00 m L·min-1,p H值在5.3~6.5时,26种组分在0.01~1.00 mg·L-1浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(0.99)。除了苯甲酸外,25种组分检出限(S/N=3)在0.00008~0.0785 mg·L-1之间;在0.10、0.20、1.00mg·L-1三个添加浓度水平下,回收率为80.47%~113.77%,RSD在0.46%~9.87%范围内。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物中的12种重金属元素含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物中12种重金属元素的含量。用石英滤膜收集大气颗粒物中的12种重金属元素,分别采用电热板和微波消解法处理样膜。电热板消解时,12种重金属元素的检出限在0.001~0.07 mg·L~(-1)之间,测定下限在0.004~0.28mg·L~(-1)之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.78%~5.8%之间。微波消解时,12种重金属元素的检出限在0.001~0.05mg·L~(-1)之间,测定下限在0.004~0.20mg·L~(-1)之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.46%~4.5%之间。应用该方法分析了标准样品,所得测定值与认定值相符。     

原子荧光光谱法测定新疆薰衣草中的铅、砷和汞

采用原子荧光光谱法对新疆不同产地薰衣草样品中的铅、砷和汞3种重金属元素的含量进行了测定。结果表明,测定薰衣草中的铅、砷和汞元素的线性范围分别在0.1~20μg·L-1、0.5~50μg·L-1和0.1~10μg·L-1之间,检出限分别为0.05μg·L-1、0.03μg·L-1和0.05μg·L-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤3.03%(n=6),各元素的加标回收率在97.0%~103.0%之间。该方法快速、简便、数据准确可靠。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定酒中16种邻苯二甲酸酯

应用气相色谱-质谱法测定酒中16种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,所得提取液用DB-5MS UI色谱柱分离,在全扫描/选择离子监测共用模式下测定。16种邻苯二甲酸酯的质量浓度均在0.5~10.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.01~0.10mg·L-1之间。日间加标回收率在83.7%~114%之间,日间相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.4%~9.8%之间;日内加标回收率在81.9%~113%之间,日内相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.5%~6.7%之间。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水中12种农药

提出了固相萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水中12种农药残留量的方法。取水样250mL过固相萃取柱,用乙酸乙酯、正己烷各5mL洗脱,经无水硫酸钠脱水,采用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器检测。溴氢菊酯的线性范围为0.05~0.5mg·L-1,其他农药的线性范围均在0.01~0.1mg·L-1。溴氰菊酯的检出限为24.2ng·L-1,其他农药的检出限均低于10ng·L-1。12种农药的加标回收率在70.0%~110%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于10%。     

碘量法测废水中硫化物的改进

对碘量法测定废水中硫化物的标准方法(HJ/T 60-2000)中所述条件做进一步优化试验,提出了如下改进:1选择水浴温度为65℃;2吹氮的气体流量及时间:第1次为80 mL·min-1和20min,第2次为300 mL·min-1和10 min,第3次为400 mL·min-1和6 min;3以1mol·L-1乙酸锌溶液为吸收液,当样品中硫化物的质量浓度≤1.5mg·L-1时,选择吸收液的加入量为3mL;4方法适用于硫化物质量浓度在0.4~3mg·L-1范围内的废水样品的分析;当实际质量浓度超过1.5mg·L-1时,应减少取样量,使实际测定的试液中硫化钠的质量浓度保持在1.5mg·L-1以内。按上述优化的条件,在实样的基础上作加标回收试验,测得回收率在94.4%~94.9%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.3%~3.4%之间。     

单滴微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中8种抗菌剂

取剪成小片(5mm×5mm)的样品(1.00g),于模拟汗液50mL中,在50℃振荡浸泡2h,冷却至室温,调节其酸度为pH 8.0。用微量进样器移取氯苯萃取剂2.0μL,将进样器针尖置于浸泡液液面下方1cm左右处并形成微液滴;在25℃和200r·min-1的搅拌速率下萃取30min。回收全部萃取液并用甲醇稀释至50μL作为样品溶液。按所选仪器工作条件进行气相色谱-质谱分析。8种抗菌剂的质量浓度均在1.0~40mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.08~0.24 mg·L-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在83.6%~98.9%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.7%~9.1%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.