罗氟司特的合成方法研究进展

罗氟司特是一种第二代磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂,是首个用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的新型药物,具有药效高、服用安全等优点和广阔的市场前景。本文综述了近年来国内外报道的罗氟司特的合成方法研究进展,并讨论了各方法的优缺点以期对其工业化生产提供依据。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中14种氟喹诺酮类抗生素的残留量

采用超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中的14种氟喹诺酮类抗生素的残留量。饮用水样品经Oasis HLB(200mg/6mL)固相萃取柱富集。柱上的浓集物用甲醇洗脱,洗脱液以Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液和0.1%(体积分数)甲酸乙腈溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子模式进行质谱检测。14种氟喹诺酮类抗生素均在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.04~1.8ng·L~(-1)之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在69.2%~85.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在4.5%~11%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定间甲氧基苯硫酚

提出了用反相高效液相色谱法测定间甲氧基苯硫酚,样品用乙腈作溶液,以EclipseXDB-C8色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)为分离柱,乙腈-水体积比60比40混合溶液作流动相,测定波长为254nm,外标法定量测定了间甲氧基苯硫酚及杂质间甲氧基苯酚和间甲氧基苯硫酚二硫化物的含量。三者的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.51,0.48,0.50mg·mL-1,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.03%～1.77%之间,回收率在98.1%～100.5%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定吉非替尼中4种基因毒性杂质（英文）

建立了一种同时测定吉非替尼中4种基因毒性杂质3-氯-4-氟苯胺、3,4-二氟苯胺、3-氟-4-氯苯胺和3,4-二氯苯胺的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)方法。用Inertsil ODS-3柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 3μm)为色谱柱,以0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相,在电喷雾正离子模式下进行测定。该方法在特异性、线性、精密度、准确性、稳定性和耐用性方面得到了验证。4种基因毒性杂质在0.6～96.0μg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系。检测限和定量限分别为0.2～2.0μg/L和0.6～6.0μg/L。所有杂质的回收率为91.0%～98.5%。检测后,在批号16052301和R16052501-1样品中仅检测到3-氯-4-氟苯胺,但低于杂质限度(6 mg/L)。该方法简便可靠,可用于吉非替尼中4种基因毒性杂质的测定,并为质量控制提供参考。     

高效液相色谱法测定依巴斯汀片中相关杂质组分的含量

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定依巴斯汀片中相关杂质的含量。利用苯基键合硅胶xtimate phenylhexyl色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)分离,以磷酸盐缓冲溶液-乙腈(60+40)混合溶液为流动相A,磷酸盐缓冲溶液-乙腈(70+30)混合溶液为流动相B,流量为1.0mL·min-1。结果表明:4种杂质的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积之间呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.16～0.33mg·L~(-1)之间。以依巴斯汀片样品为基质,按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在96.0%～104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.83%～4.2%之间。     

痕量氟罗沙星和司帕沙星的荧光薄层色谱法测定

建立了硅胶G板上分离氟罗沙星(FLX)和司帕沙星(SPLX)并同时测定其在体液中含量的方法 ;用0.27mol·L -1、pH=7的EDTA溶液修饰硅胶G板 ,避免了试样与金属离子的络合作用 ;使用乙醇 -乙酸乙酯 -1,2_二氯乙烷 -10 %(φ)氨水(体积比4∶3∶2∶1)为展开剂 ,FLX和SPLX的Rf值分别为0.40和0.59 ;板上的荧光斑点 ,使用CS_9000双波长薄层色谱扫描仪以285nm为激发波长扫描 ,同板标准工作曲线法定量 ;线性范围分别为0.5～85ng(FLX)和0.5～100ng(SPLX) ,回收率为96 %～102 % ,相对标准偏差≤5.2 % ;该法用于血样与尿样测定 ,具有操作简单 ,灵敏、准确的特点     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物的含量

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物的含量。鸡蛋样品经乙腈提取,离心后上清液用氮气吹至近干,残渣用水溶解后,经HLB固相萃取柱净化。以Shim-pack XR-ODS C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的4mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液和甲醇的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾负离子源和多反应监测模式检测。氟虫腈及其3种代谢物的质量分数均在1~50μg·kg~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均为0.3μg·kg~(-1)。在1,5,20μg·kg~(-1)等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率为89.9%~96.1%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.6%~3.3%。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品中2-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)-丙酸钠

提出了高效液相色谱法测定食品中2-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)-丙酸钠的方法。食品样品的饱和氯化钠溶液以乙腈提取,提取液用正己烷净化,所得经净化的乙腈液层用Agilent TC-C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为分离柱,以0.05%(体积分数)磷酸溶液与甲醇以体积比50比50组成的混合液为流动相进行分离,在检测波长224nm处进行测定。2-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)-丙酸钠质量浓度在0.20~5.00mg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法检出限(3S/N)为0.3mg·kg-1。以空白食品样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在91.3%~107%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.7%~8.2%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中氟啶脲

提出了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中氟啶脲残留量。样品中氟啶脲经乙腈提取,弗罗里硅土柱净化后,以甲醇-水(90+10)混合溶液为流动相,经Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离。在负离子模式下,用多反应监测技术测定。氟啶脲的峰面积与其质量浓度在1~50μg.L-1范围内呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.01 mg.kg-1。在3个标准加入水平下进行了回收率和精密度试验,加标回收率在91.7%~97.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于5%。     

氟罗沙星胶囊中氟罗沙星含量的 HPLC法测定

以 C18柱为分离柱 ，三乙胺·磷酸溶液－乙腈 (体积比 82∶ 18)为流动相 ，检测波长为 286 nm的液相色谱法测定氟罗沙星胶囊中的氟罗沙星含量 ，在 0.005～ 2.5 μ g 范围内进样量与主峰面积线性关系良好 (r=0.999 9)，最小检测量 0.005 μ g，检出限 0.000 2 μ g，平均回收率为 100.2％ ，重复进样相对标准偏差 0.50％。     

Development and validation of a RP-HPLC method for Roflumilast and its degradation products

Roflumilast is a phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor that is administered orally as a long-term, in the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Launched in 2010 for the European market, it currently does not have an official monograph. Here, a reproducible gradient RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the separation and determination of Roflumilast in the presence of its six major degradation products. Separation was performed on a C₁₈ analytical column (250?×?4.6?mm, 5?µm) with a mobile phase-A of ACN and a phase-B of ammonium acetate buffer (5?mM, pH 4.2) containing triethylamine (0.5% v/v). The most effective RP-HPLC gradient program was determined to be 0/80, 35/10, 36/80, 40/80 (time in minutes/% mobile phase-B). The flow rate was 1.0?ml/min and the column temperature was 25°C. The success of separation of the degradation products with different chemical characteristics was obtained by extending the time of the gradient, changing the proportion of the mobile phases and increasing the velocity of the flow. Two detectors were evaluated for the identification of degradation products and Roflumilast: a diode-arrary detector and a charged aerosol detector. The inability of the charged aerosol detector to dectect one of the six degradation products indicated that the method developed with RP-HPLC and the diode-array detector was more suitable for Roflumilast analysis. The method was validated according to specificity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision and robustness.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.