红外焦平面阵列非线性校正曲线测量方法

针对红外焦平面阵列强度响应的非线性失真现象,本文提出了一种基于单波长激光器测定红外焦平面阵列非线性校正曲线的方法,设计出用于测量的实验装置,并通过实验研究获得了实测的非线性校正曲线。结果表明,该方法规避了红外焦平面阵列光谱响应不均匀性的影响,满足了装置器件在工程技术中通用性和实用性的需要,在简单易行的同时保证了较高的测量精度。     

辐射源定标红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法研究

针对红外成像系统工程应用的实际要求,对辐射源定标红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正的数学方法进行了研究,揭示了该实际工程问题属于函数插值或函数拟合的数学原理,并据此导出了三次样条插值、B样条最小二乘拟合及多项式最小二乘拟合等非均匀性校正算法.实验表明,该算法能有效适应红外焦平面阵列响应特性的大动态范围和非线性,校正准确度高,计算速度快.     

基于变积分时间的红外焦平面非均匀性校正算法研究

针对两点温度定标算法在应用过程中曝露的问题,提出了基于变积分时间的红外焦平面非均匀性校正算法.该算法先对图像进行非线性压缩,转换为线性图像,再利用红外焦平面阵列探测元的响应特性与积分时间之间的关系,采用改变积分时间的方法拟合红外焦平面探测器的平均响应特性曲线,进行两点校正,然后对结果进行取指数操作,即得到原图非均匀校正后的图像.分别利用两点温度定标法和变积分法对航拍红外图像进行校正效果验证,同时进行了不同校正算法的非均匀性适应性评价实验.实验结果表明新算法计算量小,校正准确度高,反应速度快,并在一定程度上解决了大动态范围下响应非线性对校正性能的影响,具有很好的工程应用价值.     

基于变积分时间的红外焦平面非均匀性校正算法研究

针对两点温度定标算法在应用过程中曝露的问题,提出了基于变积分时间的红外焦平面非均匀性校正算法.该算法先对图像进行非线性压缩,转换为线性图像,再利用红外焦平面阵列探测元的响应特性与积分时间之间的关系,采用改变积分时间的方法拟合红外焦平面探测器的平均响应特性曲线,进行两点校正,然后对结果进行取指数操作,即得到原图非均匀校正后的图像.分别利用两点温度定标法和变积分法对航拍红外图像进行校正效果验证,同时进行了不同校正算法的非均匀性适应性评价实验.实验结果表明新算法计算量小,校正准确度高,反应速度快,并在一定程度上解决了大动态范围下响应非线性对校正性能的影响,具有很好的工程应用价值.     

函数拟合红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正FPGA实现研究

结合红外焦平面阵列（Infrared Focal Plane Array,IRFPA）非均匀性校正的工程实际,设计了基于函数拟合的校正算法,采用大容量高速现场可编程门阵列（Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA）器件,实现了该非均匀性校正系统,它能有效适应红外焦平面阵列器件响应特性的大动态范围和非线性,具有体积小、运算速度快和校正准确度高等优点.     

基于贝叶斯估计的IRFPA自适应非均匀性校正

针对长时间工作后红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)响应特性发生漂移,图像质量下降的问题,分析了两点校正(TPC)后残留非均匀噪声的特性,在TPC的基础上提出了一种自适应非均匀性校正方法。将两点校正后的图像进行小波分解,利用贝叶斯阈值逐点进行信号方差和噪声方差的估计,计算出残留非均匀噪声并加以去除。实验结果表明,该算法可以有效去除残留非均匀噪声,避免因红外焦平面阵列响应特性漂移而导致的图像降质。     

红外焦平面探测器的读出电路

红外焦平面阵列是现代红外成像系统的关键元件 ,不论是混合式还是单片式红外焦平面阵列 ,都采用读出电路来实现信号的多路传输以减少阵列输出信号线的数目。论述了读出电路在焦平面信号传输中的作用 ;讨论了用于实现红外焦平面阵列读出电路的一些实施技术 ;提出了红外焦平面阵列读出电路今后的研究方向     

基于焦平面归一化响应特性的红外非均匀性校正

红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性噪音是制约红外成像质量的主要因素,非均匀性校正是红外焦平面器件应用的一个关键技术.本文提出了一种基于焦平面归一化响应特性且易于实现的非均匀性校正算法,并基于像元分布的卡方直方图提出一种新的图像非均匀性评估方法,即校正比例.该方法的校正输出考虑了每个像元的观测值与焦平面的响应信号的平均值,校正参量...     

一种基于S曲线模型的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性自适应校正算法

针对红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)中探测元的非线性响应以及响应特性的漂移引起的校正误差,提出了一种基于S曲线模型的场景自适应校正算法.该算法利用对数运算将IRFPA的输出信号线性化.并运用自适应滤波技术对线性信号实施非均匀性校正,并采用指数变换还原出实际的校正输出信号.基于人造黑体图像和实景红外视频的仿真实验结果表明.该算法在校正精度和大动态范围信号响应特性方面均优于传统的场景自适应校正算法.     

基于焦平面归一化响应特性的红外非均匀性校正

红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性噪音是制约红外成像质量的主要因素,非均匀性校正是红外焦平面器件应用的一个关键技术.本文提出了一种基于焦平面归一化响应特性且易于实现的非均匀性校正算法,并基于像元分布的卡方直方图提出一种新的图像非均匀性评估方法,即校正比例.该方法的校正输出考虑了每个像元的观测值与焦平面的响应信号的平均值,校正参量通过将像元的输出与其理想校正结果之间的偏差用焦平面响应的平均值建立联系而计算得到.提出的校正比例兼顾考虑了焦平面响应的时间与空间特性,比现有的图像非均匀性评估方法更能合理衡量焦平面的非均匀性程度.多种非均匀性校正的评价数据以及实验结果表明,该算法的校正效果优于两点校正法与原值拟合二阶校正法,并对于响应异常的像元具有较强的校正能力.此外其校正准确度高,所需参量少,易于实时处理,具有较强的实用价值.     

Improvement in adaptive nonuniformity correction method with nonlinear model for infrared focal plane arrays

The scene adaptive nonuniformity correction (NUC) technique is commonly used to decrease the fixed pattern noise (FPN) in infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA). However, the correction precision of existing scene adaptive NUC methods is reduced by the nonlinear response of IRFPA detectors seriously. In this paper, an improved scene adaptive NUC method that employs “S”-curve model to approximate the detector response is presented. The performance of the proposed method is tested with real infrared video sequence, and the experimental results validate that our method can promote the correction precision considerably.     

基于反中值滤波的红外焦平面自适应非均匀性校正方法

分析了红外焦平面阵列非均匀性的噪声特性，提出了一种用反中值滤波为核心的红外焦平面自适应校正的方法。针对实际的图像进行了实验，实验证明该方法在校正效果、收敛速度、对静止目标保持能力及可硬件化等方面都有较好的表现。     

Data processing technique applied to the calibration of a high performance FPA infrared camera

The present work deals with the calibration of a focal plane array infrared camera whose detector is a matrix of 320×244 PtSi sensors active in the range 3.6–5 μm. The calibration curve has been obtained by measuring the energy emitted by a blackbody, consisting in a copper cylindric cavity with isothermal walls. The results, obtained in the temperature range 10–70 °C, enable us to investigate the nature of the noise which affects the measurements. The aim is to suggest a data processing and a calibration technique in order to enhance the image quality and the instrument response as well. The effects of random uncertainties have been reduced by using Wiener filtration, which enables us to improve the signal to noise ratio. The problem caused by the nonuniform response of the detector array has been handled by using a different calibration curve for each sensor. The effectiveness of this procedure has been checked by comparing the frequency histograms of the raw and the processed signal. The investigation enables us to highlight some peculiar features of the new focal plane array technology employed in the new generation infrared cameras.     

Infrared super-resolution imaging method based on retina micro-motion

With the wide application of infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA), military, aerospace, public security and other applications have higher and higher requirements on the spatial resolution of infrared images. However, traditional super-resolution imaging methods have increasingly unable to meet this requirement in technology. In this paper, we adopt the achievement that the human retina micro-motion is the important reason why the human has the hyperacuity ability. Based on the achievement, we bring forward an infrared super-resolution imaging method based on retina micro-motion. In the method, we use the piezoelectric ceramic equipment to control the infrared detector moving variably within a plane parallel to the focal plane. The motion direction is toward each other into a direction of 90°. In the four directions of the movement, we get four sub-images and generate a high spatial resolution infrared image by image interpolation method. In the process of the shifting movement of the detector, we set the threshold of the detector response and record the response time difference when adjacent pixel responses are up to the threshold. By the method, we get the object’s edges, enhance them in the high resolution infrared image and get the super-resolution infrared image. The experimental results show that our proposed super-resolution imaging methods can improve the spatial resolution of the infrared image effectively. The method will offer a new idea for the super-resolution reconstruction of infrared images.     

红外光学系统焦距测量装置校准规范说明

红外光学系统焦距测量装置是红外光学系统焦距校准和检测的技术手段之一。红外光学系统焦距测量装置校准规范不仅应用于计量部门，保证计量部门日常校准工作的准确性、一致性和可溯源性，同时为红外光学系统焦距测量装置生产部门提供了技术依据，满足红外光学系统焦距测量装置用户在申请各种认证过程中对红外光学系统焦距测量系统的要求。简要介绍红外光学系统焦距测量装置校准规范的主要构成和主要参数校准方法及不确定度评定。     

硅化铂肖特基势垒红外焦平面列阵及其发展

介绍PtSi肖特基势垒红外焦平面列阵的工作原理,分析探测器的最佳化结构,评述国内外肖特基势垒红外焦平面列阵的发展。     

Monolithic integration technique for microlens arrays with infrared focal plane arrays

Based on scalar diffraction theory, 8-phase-level 256×290 element diffractive microlens arrays with lenslet dimension of 50×33 μm² have been fabricated on the back side of PtSi infrared focal plane arrays. The design and fabrication process are discussed. The measurement results indicate that the imaging quality has been greatly improved and the ratio of the signal-to-noise of the infrared focal plane array integration with microlens array is increased by a factor of 2.5.     

Nonuniformity correction algorithm with nonlinear model for infrared focal plane arrays

For the detector in infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA) with a large dynamic range of response, a nonlinear model of response curve of the detector in IRFPA is introduced in this paper. With the model, the Kalman-filter nonuniformity correction (NUC) algorithm with linear model, developed by Torres and Hayat, is extended. In the extended algorithm, the raw image is translated into a linearized one firstly by directly employing a logarithm-based transformation. Then the linearized image is corrected by the Kalman-filter NUC algorithm with linear model, and the corrected linearized image is obtained. Finally the uniformity image of the original one is achieved by fulfilling an exponent transformation to the corrected linearized image. The presented algorithm not only inherits the advantage of the original algorithm that resolves the problem of the temporal drift in the gain and the bias in each detector by updating NUC parameters with information of the current scene, but also reduce the influence of the detector nonlinear response to the NUC performance, so it is suitable for IRFPA under large response-range. The NUC ability of the presented algorithm is demonstrated by experiments with real infrared image sequences.     

航天CCD相机焦面位置地面标定方法研究

为了在地面试验阶段准确标定出航天CCD相机在轨成像时的像面位置,提出了一种基于自准直干涉测量原理和调制传递函数测量原理的航天CCD相机焦面位置的地面标定方法。介绍了该方法的原理和实施过程,并以口径1 m、焦距20 m的平行光管标定口径600 mm、焦距6 m的航天CCD相机为例,分析并计算了新标定方法和已有标定方法的标定精度。结果表明:新标定方法的标定精度优于0.006 mm,是已有标定方法标定精度的5倍至10倍,能够满足现阶段所有航天CCD相机的焦面位置的标定精度要求。