无线激光通信技术的军事应用

无线激光通信技术凭借其技术优势,在军事通信中有广泛的应用前景。本文介绍了无线激光通信技术的原理,并说明了其军事应用成果。     

基于FPGA的高速光幕同步系统设计与实现

常规光幕实现发射器和接收器双方信号的同步需要专用同步电缆来完成。针对这一缺点,提出了一种新的高速光幕同步方法,即在发射器的每个循环周期的第一通道发射光脉冲之前增加一个作为帧同步码的光脉冲段,接收端通过判断帧同步码的方式实现收发信号同步,这样便不再需要专用同步电缆,有效地节省了光幕同步系统成本。进一步地,采用新提出的高速光幕同步方法,基于FPGA技术,设计并实现了高速光幕同步系统的总体方案,硬件制作了可应用于高速运动物体的实时到位检测的高速光幕检测装置。实际工程应用表明,采用此方法的高速光幕检测装置,成本低,工作稳定可靠,捕捉与同步性能优良。     

适用于同步光码分多址通信系统的同步光码及其全光可调编/解码器

异步光码分多址通信系统,要求用户地址码具有好的循环自相关和互相关特性,因此,系统中的用户数受到很大的限制;而对同步光码分多址通信系统,只要求光地址码是非循环相关意义下的准正交,从而可实现较大的用户数,因此具有广阔的应用前景.实现同步光码分多址的关键之一是同步光码的设计和可调光编/解码器的实现.本文介绍了同步光码的构造方法,给出了同步光码的构造过程,分析了码的容量,提出了全光可调同步光码编/解码器的实现方法.     

一种新的长短光脉冲同步方案

单纵模长激光脉冲经分束后分别输入到两个波导调制器中,同时分别输入两个具有高同步准确度的电脉冲到调制器中.通过这种方式可以实现具有高同步准确度的长短光脉冲的输出.研究结果表明：该方案下长短脉冲的同步准确度可小于3.5 ps（rms）.     

水下无线光OOK信道误码率分析

现有的矢量辐射输运（VRT）理论无法分析有限孔径条件下水下无线光通信信道特征,因此VRT误码率计算结果并不能很好地与实际系统相符。在分析水下光OOK信号激光传输模型的基础上,根据水下有限孔径光信道的特征,对三类海水中可见光水下通信系统的误码率进行了仿真和评估。仿真结果表明,水下光OOK系统可靠视频传输距离上限分别为远洋108m,近海65m和海湾11m,该结果为水下实时高码率激光通信系统设计提供了参考。     

无线激光通信协议的设计

研究了无线激光通信（FSO）与传统激光通信的区别,编制了一套FSO物理层收发协议。采用现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）完成收发机与外部电路的数据通信,利用先入先出（FIFO）存储器完成收发协议与外部系统的接口。设计的物理层收发协议主要完成发送数据的编码、串行化以及接收数据的解串行化和解码。仿真实验结果表明：设计的收发协议可实现在40 Mbps通信速率下的稳定工作,证明了该收发协议设计的可行性。     

紫外探针光信号与加速器负载电流脉冲的精密同步技术

 作为探针光源的Nd∶YAG激光器在其外触发控制线路固有延迟减小至100 ns后,从脉冲加速器形成线的主开关处选取Q开关的触发输入信号,利用示波器将激光器Q开关触发信号、加速器主开关触发信号、激光信号以及负载电流信号进行时间关联,测量结果作为调节系统延迟时间的依据,实现了探针光脉冲与加速器负载电流脉冲之间的精密同步,同步精度达到9.6 ns。     

紫外探针光信号与加速器负载电流脉冲的精密同步技术

作为探针光源的Nd∶YAG激光器在其外触发控制线路固有延迟减小至100 ns后,从脉冲加速器形成线的主开关处选取Q开关的触发输入信号,利用示波器将激光器Q开关触发信号、加速器主开关触发信号、激光信号以及负载电流信号进行时间关联,测量结果作为调节系统延迟时间的依据,实现了探针光脉冲与加速器负载电流脉冲之间的精密同步,同步精度达到9.6 ns。     

基于FPGA的FSO准同步数字复接器的实现

为了实现多路信号在同一大气信道中的传输,提出一种适用于自由空间光通信(FSO)系统的准同步数字复接方案.该方案利用数字复接扩大传输容量,通过加入滤波模块和采用择多判决的方法,提高系统的抗干扰能力.整个系统采用自顶向下模块化的方法进行设计,所有功能模块均用VHDL语言进行描述,并用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)芯片EP1C3T100C6对整个系统进行硬件实现.以三路准同步数字信号的复接分接为例,给出了软件仿真和硬件实验结果.结果表明系统可以准确、可靠地实现三路准同步信号的复接分接.     

A vision chip with column-level amplification of optical data signals for indoor optical wireless local area networks

We present a vision chip architecture with column-level photo-amplification of optical data signals for optical wireless local area networks (LANs) to reduce the pixel area. Based on the architecture, we have fabricated a prototype vision chip in a standard 0.8 μm bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (BiCMOS) technology. The device offers position detection of other optical transceivers in the LAN and 4-ch concurrent high-speed optical data acquisition. A data rate of 400 Mbps was demonstrated. The pixel size was 125 μm square, which can be shrunk to smaller than around 60 μm square in 0.35 μm or more advanced BiCMOS or CMOS technologies.     

Analysis of inter-satellite free-space optical link performance considering different system parameters

The welcome and adaptation of optical wireless technology by the modern era has brought forward the concept of an inter-satellite free-space optical communication system. In the present work, I study the combined effect of selection of different operating wavelengths and detector types along with the pointing errors at the transmitter and receiver side on the performance of an inter-satellite free-space optical link. The link performance has been optimized by measuring and analyzing the bit error rate and quality-factor of received signal under different scenarios. Performance of the inter-satellite link has also been investigated considering different modulation formats and data rates for LEO and MEO distances.     

Analysis of telescope array receivers for deep-space inter-planetary optical communication link between Earth and Mars

Optical communication technology shows promising prospects to fulfill the large bandwidth communication requirements of future deep-space exploration missions that are launched by NASA and various other international space agencies. At Earth, a telescope with a large aperture diameter is required to capture very weak optical signals that are transmitted from distant planets and to support large bandwidth communication link. A single large telescope has the limitations of cost, single point failure in case of malfunction, difficulty in manufacturing high quality optics, maintenance, and trouble in providing communication operations when transmitting spacecraft is close to the Sun. An array of relatively smaller-sized telescopes electrically connected to form an aggregate aperture area equivalent to a single large telescope is a viable alternative to a monolithic gigantic aperture. In this paper, we present the design concept and analysis of telescope array receivers for an optical communication link between Earth and Mars. Pulse-position modulation (PPM) is used at the transmitter end and photon-counting detectors along with the direct-detection technique are employed at each telescope element in the array. We also present the optimization of various system parameters, such as detector size (i.e., receiver field of view), PPM slot width, and the PPM order M, to mitigate the atmospheric turbulence and background noise effects, and to maximize the communication system performance. The performance of different array architectures is evaluated through analytical techniques and Monte-Carlo simulations for a broad range of operational scenarios, such as, Earth-Mars conjunction, Earth-Mars opposition, and different background and turbulence conditions. It is shown that the performance of the telescope array-based receiver is equivalent to a single large telescope; and as compared to current RF technology, telescope array-based optical receivers can provide several orders of magnitude greater data rates for deep-space communication with Mars.     

大气闪烁对无线光CDMA通信系统性能的影响

将光CDMA技术应用到无线光通信中。提出了基于脉冲位置调制的二维大气无线光CDMA通信系统，并分析了该通信系统的性能。考虑多用户干扰、APD噪声以及热噪声等干扰因素的影响，采用数值分析的方法，详细分析了大气湍流引起的大气闪烁对二维无线光CDMA通信系统误码率的影响。结果表明，大气闪烁是影响二维无线光CDMA系统误码率性能的一个重要因素；当大气闪烁的对数方差较小(如σ2s=0.1)时，该系统可以实现高速率通信；当大气闪烁的对数方差较大(σ2s≥0.2)时，在有限的光功率条件下，该系统难以实现通信，需要采用信道编码技术来提高系统的误码率性能。     

Beam reception and data transmission performance analysis of optical taper used in a mobile wireless optical communication

Mobile wireless optical communication system was demonstrated experimentally by using a special solid coupling optical taper. The performance of special solid coupling optical taper and the data transmission performance with 240 Mbit/s were investigated on the rectilinear orbit between the mobile terminal and the fixed terminal. The experimental results shown that the scheme used in the mobile wireless optical communication system is reliable and quite simple, which could be widely used in future.     

A Kalman filter based synchronization scheme for telescope array receivers in deep-space optical communication links

In this paper, the impact of random synchronization errors on the performance of ground-based telescope array receivers for an inter-planetary optical deep-space communication (ODSC) link is investigated. An adaptive method based on Kalman filters is developed for the synchronization and combination of different telescope signals in the array. An end-to-end simulation platform for ODSC link between Earth and planet Mars is implemented that incorporates pulse-position modulation (PPM), direct-detection array receivers, and photon-counting detectors. The effects of atmospheric turbulence and background noise are also modeled. The performance of array receivers is evaluated in terms of probability of symbol error and achievable data rates. The simulation results show that the Kalman filter-based synchronization scheme keeps the synchronization induced power losses to less than 1 dB. The analysis also shows that in the worst-case operational scenario and presence of random synchronization errors, an array consisting of hundred, 1 m telescopes performs almost similar to a single 10 m telescope. Hence, the degradation in the combined signal due to synchronization errors places a minor limitation on the number of telescopes in a telescope array receiver consisting of up to 100 telescope elements.     

Optical wireless sensor networks using tunable optical filters

A novel decision gathering scheme for optical wireless sensor networks (OWSNs) is proposed and thoroughly analyzed in this article. The proposed technique relies on a tunable optical filter (TOF) that is mounted on each sensor node. Specifically, the received laser signal from a central unit at any particular node is modulated through the TOF, where it is either rejected or passed in accordance to the sensed result. The output of the TOF is passed to a corner cube reflector (CCR) that reflects the optical signal either back to the central unit or to another node in the OWSN. Three different setups are considered to implement the proposed scheme and the pros and cons of each setup are thoroughly discussed. It is revealed that the energy requirement of each sensor node is minimized as energy is only consumed in the process of sensing and adjusting the TOF. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed through a mathematical framework to derive the average decision error rate (DER) for all setups. Moreover, simulation results analyze the impact of key system parameters including atmospheric turbulence, transmit power, link distance, filter efficiency and detection threshold.     

Modeling of 2.5 Gbps-intersatellite link (ISL) in inter-satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC) system

Free-space optics (FSO) has the combined features of most dominated telecommunication technologies: wireless and fiber optics. Many of the aspects of FSO are related to fiber optics with an important difference of transmission medium which is air/free space rather than the glass of the fiber-optic cable. Inter-satellite optical wireless communication systems (IsOWC), one of the important applications of FSO/WSO technology, will be deployed in space in the near future as such systems provide a high bandwidth, small size, light weight, low power and low cost alternative to present microwave satellite systems. In this paper, we have designed a model of IsOWC system using OPTI-SYSTEM™ simulator to establish an inter-satellite link (ISL) between two satellites estranged by a distance of 1000 km at data rate of 2.5 Gbps which is not reported in previous investigated works.     

光无线接入收发合一的光学系统设计

提出了一种用于光无线接入的光学系统设计方案。该系统采用偏振分光镜可实现收发合一 ,从而简化了设计 ,减小了光学系统体积。同时还对该光学系统性能进行了分析。结果表明 ,所提出的无线接入光学系统体积小、通信效率高 ,完全能满足接入的要求