新型应变式高膛压测试系统研制

 根据电子测压器的特点,以测压器的端盖作为弹性敏感元件,研制出了一种新型的集测压器壳体与传感器于一体的应变式高膛压测试系统。利用厚板变形理论,对电子测压器壳体的力学特性进行了理论分析,并利用ANSYS对壳体的应力、应变分布及弹性敏感元件的模态进行了仿真模拟。50～550 MPa静压标定实验结果表明,该测试系统的线性误差为0.62%,基本误差为4.6%,灵敏度为2.231 3×10^-12 Pa^-1,压力测量范围可涵盖0～600 MPa;动态实验结果表明利用该应变式测试系统测量高膛压是准确可行的。     

Investigation of the design of a metal-lined fully wrapped composite vessel under high internal pressure

In this study, a Type III composite pressure vessel (ISO 11439:2000) loaded with high internal pressure is investigated in terms of the effect of the orientation of the element coordinate system while simulating the continuous variation of the fibre angle, the effect of symmetric and non-symmetric composite wall stacking sequences, and lastly, a stacking sequence evaluation for reducing the cylindrical section-end cap transition region stress concentration. The research was performed using an Ansys^® model with 2.9 l volume, 6061 T6 aluminium liner/Kevlar^® 49-Epoxy vessel material, and a service internal pressure loading of 22 MPa. The results show that symmetric stacking sequences give higher burst pressures by up to 15%. Stacking sequence evaluations provided a further 7% pressure-carrying capacity as well as reduced stress concentration in the transition region. Finally, the Type III vessel under consideration provides a 45% lighter construction as compared with an all metal (Type I) vessel.     

Pressure calibration in high pressure EXAFS experiments

Abstract

To avoid glitches due to Bragg reflection we use boron carbide anvils for our high pressure EXAFS experiments. Since boron carbide precludes the ruby fluorescence pressure calibration we use the EXAFS of selected materials to measure the reduction with pressure of the nearest neighbor distance and infer the pressure from an isothermal equation of state. The requirements for a good pressure calibrant and the difficulties in EXAFS data analysis are discussed. Cu, NaBr and RbCl have successfully been tested as pressure calibrants.     

二级6-8型静高压装置厘米级腔体的设计原理与实验研究

利用大腔体静高压装置的实验数据,提出了"极限压缩体积比"的概念以及腔体与组装设计的一般性原理。通过对极限压缩体积比的分析,设计出了样品腔体达到厘米级的36/20(正八面体传压介质边长为36mm/末级压砧正三角形截角边长为20mm)组装。采用原位电阻观测Bi(Ⅲ-Ⅴ,7.7GPa),ZnTe(Ⅰ-Ⅱ,5GPa;Ⅱ-Ⅲ,8.9~9.5GPa;半导体-金属,11.5~13.0GPa)和ZnS(半导体-金属,15.6GPa)在高压下相变的方法,标定了36/20组装的腔体压力。实验结果表明所设计样品腔的尺寸大于10mm,压力可以达到15GPa以上。本工作使得基于国产6×2 500t(吨)铰链式六面顶压机的二级6-8型静高压装置在高压实验研究中具有更加广阔的应用前景。     

利用围压提高二级大腔体静高压装置压力极限的初步实验探索

采用基于国产铰链式六面顶压机二级6-8型大腔体静高压装置中的10/4(即八面体传压介质边长为10mm,二级WC-Co硬质合金立方块截角边长为4mm)组装,选择不同的围压材料和传压硬质合金台棱、圆片,在室温下用ZnTe的高压相变对压腔进行了压力标定。实验结果表明,叶蜡石是较合适的围压材料;但由于传压台棱、圆片自身强度的限制,及一级压腔形成的围压值较低等原因,致使实验没有达到预期的末级压砧围压增强效果。通过结合两种压腔的力学简化模型分析得知,围压材料与二级增压装置的预密封边共同形成了二级压腔的密封边,该大面积密封边消耗了系统的大部分加载力,因此在围压实验中没有观测到二级6-8型大腔体静高压装置压力极限的提高。     

Establishment of the mercury fixed point around 0°C using volumetric method

The paper describes the determination of melting pressure of mercury around 0°C using the volume method at the National Physical Laboratory. Also described are the details of the experimental set-up and the estimation of the uncertainty in the measurement of pressure. The equilibrium pressure in the flat region of the melting curve over which bulk transformation occurs, is established by increasing/decreasing the pressure. The scatter in the obtained data for equilibrium pressures is within the limit of experimental uncertainty of the measurement of pressure. The average observed value for the melting pressure of mercury at 0·002°C is 756·93±0·25 MPa agreeing well with the reported value of Dadsonet al [1] and Molinaret al [2a, b].     

一种以压力一维均匀分布为特征的长条形对顶压砧

针对圆形端面平面对顶压砧装置中压力梯度大的问题, 本文设计了一种长条形端面的平面对顶压砧, 相应的封垫也改为长条形. 原理分析表明: 这种压砧可在沿长条形中心线的狭长区域内产生均匀分布的高压力. 本文采用长20 mm宽5 mm长条形端面的硬质合金压砧配合叶腊石封垫进行压力标定, 实验结果显示: 这种装置可产生10 GPa以上的高压, 在长条形中心线上至少12 mm长度范围内的不同位置上产生的压力基本一致, 在2.55 GPa压力时测量偏差小于2.0%, 在7.7 GPa时测量偏差小于3.6%. 这种特点很有利于对细长样品进行精确的高压物性测量.     

High pressure measurement with simple piston gauge in static condition

This paper describes the characterization of the newly developed piston gauge pressure standard at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), with particular reference to its fall rate, engagement length of the piston and the deceleration rate for the measurement of hydraulic hydrostatic pressure up to 60 MPa. The low pressure effective area of the gauge derived from its dimensional measurements when compared with the value obtained by its direct calibration against NPL transfer pressure standard agrees within 0.025%. The pressure gauge is quite stable, reproducible and has a sensitivity of 3 ppm. Though the theoretically calculated value of the pressure coefficient is low as compared to the experimentally observed one in its absolute terms, the pressure dependent effective area agrees within ± 0.025% over whole of the pressure range which is well within the uncertainty statement of the two independent techniques used.     

A comparison of subglottal and intraoral pressure measurements during phonation

Intraoral pressure and subglottal pressure, derived from tracheal puncture, were recorded with the electroglottographic signal for one normal speaking male during phonation. The mean subglottal pressure for vowels was also estimated by interpolating the intraoral pressure from surrounding /p/ occlusions. The pressure measurements were highly correlated (r = 0.98) and there were small pressure value differences (on average <2%). The effects of varying speech rate and mode of phonation on the pressure measurements are discussed. A decrease in pressure from the mean subglottal pressure for the open phase and an increase for the closed phase was found during the glottal vibratory cycles.     

对树液上升动力的探讨和比较

提出树液上升有三种驱动力:毛细现象、渗透压和负压.对这三种驱动力的大小进行计算和比较,指出树液上升的主要驱动力是分子距离增大处于拉伸状态后形成的负压.