Lyapunov exponents of partially hyperbolic volume-preserving maps with 2-dimensional center bundle

We consider the set of partially hyperbolic symplectic diffeomorphisms which are accessible, have 2-dimensional center bundle and satisfy some pinching and bunching conditions. In this set, we prove that the non-uniformly hyperbolic maps are $C^r$ open and there exists a $C^r$ open and dense subset of continuity points for the center Lyapunov exponents. We also generalize these results to volume-preserving systems.     

On the generic nonexistence of rational geodesic foliations in the torus, Mather sets and Gromov hyperbolic spaces

Given a rational homology classh in a two dimensional torusT ², we show that the set of Riemannian metrics inT ² with no geodesic foliations having rotation numberh isC ^k dense for everyk N. We also show that, generically in theC ² topology, there are no geodesic foliations with rational rotation number. We apply these results and Mather's theory to show the following: let (M, g) be a compact, differentiable Riemannian manifold with nonpositive curvature, if (M, g) satisfies the shadowing property, then (M, g) has no flat, totally geodesic, immersed tori. In particular,M has rank one and the Pesin set of the geodesic flow has positive Lebesgue measure. Moreover, if (M, g) is analytic, the universal covering ofM is a Gromov hyperbolic space.Partially supported by CNPq-GMD, FAPERJ, and the University of Freiburg.     

Hyperbolicity, heterodimensional cycles and Lyapunov exponents for partially hyperbolic dynamics

We prove a dichotomy of C² partially hyperbolic sets with one-dimensional center direction admitting no zero Lyapunov exponents, either hyperbolicity over the supports of ergodic measures or approximation by a heterodimensional cycle. This provides a partial result to the C¹ Palis Conjecture that claims a dichotomy, hyperbolicity or homoclinic bifurcations in a dense subset of the space of C¹ diffeomorphisms. Moreover, a theorem of Ma?é applied in the proof is modified to have an additional property concerning the Hausdorff distance between a periodic orbit and the support of a hyperbolic ergodic measure.     

Surface billiards and nonvanishing Lyapunov exponents

We study in this paper the billiards on surfaces with mix-valued Gaussian curvature and the condition which gives nonvanishing Lyapunov exponents of the system. We introduce a criterion upon which a small perturbation of the surface will also produce a system with positive Lyapunov exponents. Some examples of such surfaces are given in this article.     

Singular riemannian foliations with sections,transnormal maps and basic forms

A singular riemannian foliation on a complete riemannian manifold M is said to admit sections if each regular point of M is contained in a complete totally geodesic immersed submanifold Σ that meets every leaf of orthogonally and whose dimension is the codimension of the regular leaves of . We prove that the algebra of basic forms of M relative to is isomorphic to the algebra of those differential forms on Σ that are invariant under the generalized Weyl pseudogroup of Σ. This extends a result of Michor for polar actions. It follows from this result that the algebra of basic function is finitely generated if the sections are compact. We also prove that the leaves of coincide with the level sets of a transnormal map (generalization of isoparametric map) if M is simply connected, the sections are flat and the leaves of are compact. This result extends previous results due to Carter and West, Terng, and Heintze, Liu and Olmos. Marcos M. Alexandrino and Claudio Gorodski have been partially supported by FAPESP and CNPq.     

Hyperbolicity, transversality and analytic first integrals

Let A be a (normally) hyperbolic compact invariant manifold of an analytic diffeomorphism f of an analytic manifold M. We assume that the stable and unstable manifold of A intersect transversally (in an admissible way), the dynamics on A is ergodic and the modulus of the eigenvalues associated to the stable and unstable manifold, respectively, satisfy a non-resonance condition. In the case where A is a point or a torus, we prove that the discrete dynamical system associated to f does not admit an analytic first integral. The proof is based on a triviality lemma, which is of combinatorial nature, and a geometrical lemma. The same techniques, allow us to prove analytic non-integrability of Hamiltonian systems having Arnold diffusion. In particular, using results of Xia, we prove analytic non-integrability of the elliptic restricted three-body problem, as well as the planar three-body problem.     

Lyapunov exponents,bifurcation currents and laminations in bifurcation loci

Bifurcation loci in the moduli space of degree d rational maps are shaped by the hypersurfaces defined by the existence of a cycle of period n and multiplier 0 or e ^iθ. Using potential-theoretic arguments, we establish two equidistribution properties for these hypersurfaces with respect to the bifurcation current. To this purpose we first establish approximation formulas for the Lyapunov function. In degree d = 2, this allows us to build holomorphic motions and show that the bifurcation locus has a lamination structure in the regions where an attracting basin exists.     

Decomposition of stochastic flows and Lyapunov exponents

Let φ _t be the stochastic flow of a stochastic differential equation on a compact Riemannian manifold M. Fix a point m∈M and an orthonormal frame u at m, we will show that there is a unique decomposition φ _t = ξ _t ψ _t such that ξ _t is isometric, ψ _t fixes m and Dψ _t (u) = us _t , where s _t is an upper triangular matrix. We will also establish some convergence properties in connection with the Lyapunov exponents and the decomposition Dφ _t (u) = u _t s _t with u _t being an orthonormal frame. As an application, we can show that ψ_t preserves the directions in which the tangent vectors at m are dilated at fixed exponential rates. Received: 19 November 1998 / Revised version: 1 October 1999 / Published online: 14 June 2000     

A general approach to index theorems for holomorphic maps and foliations

Let M be a smooth complex manifold, and S(⊂ M) be a compact irreducible subvariety with dim _C S > 0. Let be given either a holomorphic map f : M → M with f _|S  = id _S , f ≠ id _M , or a holomorphic foliation on M: we describe an approach that can be applied to both map and foliation in order to obtain index theorems. Partially supported by GNSAGA, Centro de Giorgi, M.U.R.S.T.     

Lyapunov exponents and control sets near singular points

We consider control affine systems of the form

     

Almost sure and moment Lyapunov exponents for a stochastic beam equation

The transverse vibrations of an Euler-Bernoulli beam with axial tension P and axial white noise forcing are given by

     

Lyapunov exponents and asymptotic dynamics in random Kolmogorov models

The current paper is devoted to the investigation of asymptotic dynamics in random Kolmogorov models. Applying the theory of principal Lyapunov exponents and the principal spectrum developed in the authors previous papers together with the concept of part metric it provides conditions for the existence of a globally attracting positive random equilibrium, the existence of a globally attracting uniformly positive random equilibrium, and the extinction in random Kolmogorov models. These results are an important complement to the existing ones.     

Hyperbolicity versus partial-hyperbolicity and the transversality-torsion phenomenon

In this paper, we describe a process to create hyperbolicity in the neighbourhood of a homoclinic orbit to a partially hyperbolic torus for three degrees of freedom Hamiltonian systems: the transversality-torsion phenomenon.     

Green bundles,Lyapunov exponents and regularity along the supports of the minimizing measures

In this article, we study the minimizing measures of the Tonelli Hamiltonians. More precisely, we study the relationships between the so-called Green bundles and various notions as:

•

the Lyapunov exponents of minimizing measures;     

Existence and genericity problems for dynamical systems with nonzero Lyapunov exponents

This is a survey-type article whose goal is to review some recent results on existence of hyperbolic dynamical systems with discrete time on compact smooth manifolds and on coexistence of hyperbolic and non-hyperbolic behavior. It also discusses two approaches to the study of genericity of systems with nonzero Lyapunov exponents.      

Dichotomies between uniform hyperbolicity and zero Lyapunov exponents for SL(2, ℝ) cocycles

We consider the linear cocycle (T, A) induced by a measure preserving dynamical system T : X → X and a map A: X → SL(2, ℝ). We address the dependence of the upper Lyapunov exponent of (T, A) on the dynamics T when the map A is kept fixed. We introduce explicit conditions on the cocycle that allow to perturb the dynamics, in the weak and uniform topologies, to make the exponent drop arbitrarily close to zero. In the weak topology we deduce that if X is a compact connected manifold, then for a C^r (r ≥ 1) open and dense set of maps A, either (T, A) is uniformly hyperbolic for every T, or the Lyapunov exponents of (T, A) vanish for the generic measurable T. For the continuous case, we obtain that if X is of dimension greater than 2, then for a C^r (r ≥ 1) generic map A, there is a residual set of volume-preserving homeomorphisms T for which either (T, A) is uniformly hyperbolic or the Lyapunov exponents of (T, A) vanish. *Partially supported by CNPq-Profix and Franco-Brazilian cooperation program in Mathematics.     

Combinatorial and Geometric Methods in Topology

Starting from the (apparently) elementary problem of deciding how many different topological spaces can be obtained by gluing together in pairs the faces of an octahedron, we will describe the central r?le played by hyperbolic geometry within three-dimensional topology. We will also point out the striking difference with the two dimensional case, and we will review some of the results of the combinatorial and computational approach to three-manifolds developed by different mathematicians over the last several years. Lecture held by Carlo Petronio in the Seminario Matematico e Fisico di Milano on April 23, 2007