利用两束同色激光场和半周期脉冲驱动原子产生单个阿秒脉冲

利用分裂算符方法数值求解一维氦原子的含时薛定谔方程,研究了氦原子在两束同色激光场与半周期脉冲(Hcps)形成的组合场驱动下所发射高次谐波的特点.研究结果表明,氦原子在这种组合场驱动下,高次谐波谱的平台区域能得到很大的扩展,其截止位置可延伸到I_P+9.6U_P,通过构造截止位置附近的高次谐波谱能够得到脉宽为63 as的单个阿秒脉冲.经过分析后发现,半周期脉冲的加入不仅使高次谐波谱平台能够得到扩展,同时还抑制了电子长路径对高次谐波的贡献. 关键词： 两束同色激光场 半周期脉冲 高次谐波 阿秒脉冲     

静电场对高次谐波时频特性的影响

通过数值求解含时薛定谔方程，发现在静电场的作用下，对原子高次谐波谱截止区附近的谐波进行叠加可以得到脉冲间隔为一个光周期的阿秒脉冲链. 利用这种性质，用12fs波长为800nm的激光附加强度为激光强度0.25%的静电场脉冲驱动He原子可以得到脉宽为220as的单个脉冲. 当静电场与激光场幅度之比达到0.39时，原子谐波谱的截止区可以被拓宽到I_p+9.1U_p，同时，次数高于I_p+0.7U_p的谐波的相位几乎是锁定的，因此可以得到谱宽大于40eV且相位锁定的谐波. 对这部分谐波进行叠加就可以得到脉宽小于100as的阿秒脉冲链.     

Attosecond manipulation of ionization and efficient broadband supercontinuum generation in stretched molecules

<正>We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation from stretched molecules in a linearly polarized intense field.By adopting an infrared pulse combined with an ultraviolet(UV) attosecond pulse,the ionization process can be controlled effectively.In this excitation scheme,the harmonic spectrum beyond I_p+3.17U_P is significantly enhanced by two orders,where I_p and U_p=e~2E_0~2/(4m_eω~2) are the ionization and ponderomotive potential,then smooth broadband supercontinuum with the bandwidth of about 120 eV is obtained,which leads to an isolated sub-60- as attosecond pulse with a high signal-noise ratio.Moreover,the bandwidth of the supercontinuum is weakly dependent on the location and pulse duration of the UV pulse.     

A scaling law of high-order harmonic generation

Using a nonperturbative quantum electrodynamics theory of high-order harmonic generation (HHG), a scaling law of HHG is established. The scaling law states that when the atomic binding energy E_b, the wavelength λ and the intensity I of the laser field change simultaneously to kE_b, λ/k, and k³I, respectively. The characteristics of the HHG spectrum remain unchanged, while the harmonic yield is enhanced k³ times. That HHG obeys the same scaling law with above-threshold ionization is a solid proof of the fact that the two physical processes have similar physical mechanisms. The variation of integrated harmonic yields is also discussed.     

High-power Q-switched laser with high-order Laguerre–Gaussian modes: application for extra-cavity harmonic generations

We present a compact efficient scheme for generation of high-order Laguerre–Gaussian TEM _p,0 modes in a diode-pumped actively Q-switched Nd:YVO₄ laser. The resonator is composed of two plane mirrors with an intracavity concave lens to expand the cavity mode size for generating a high-power Laguerre–Gaussian TEM_5,0 mode. We further confirm that the TEM_5,0 mode is noticeably superior to the TEM_0,0 mode in the processes of second and third harmonic generations.     

高次谐波辐射发射特性研究

报告由不同脉冲宽度(半高宽,FWHM)和不同载波-包络相位(CEP,Φ)的激光产生的高次谐波辐射能量输出时间特性即发射特性的研究结果. 计算表明,由宽度为几个周期的激光产生的高次谐波辐射的截止能量明显低于由无限长脉冲宽度激光产生的截止能量ω_max=3.17U_p+I_p(其中ω_max为光子角频率,U_p和I_p分别为激光有质动力势和原子的电离能). 例如,由两周期(FWHM),Φ＝15°的激光产生的高次谐波辐射的截止能量为ω_max=2.90U_p+I_p,此时发射特性单脉冲(即分布单脉冲)具有最大的能量带宽0.86U_p. 脉冲中心位置的载波相位和时间宽度分别为0.94rad(弧度)和1.29rad. 而该激光脉冲在Φ＝-75°时能产生截止能量为ω_max=2.70U_p+I_p,最大能量带宽为0.70U_p的双分布脉冲,其中心位置分别为-0.58rad和2.43rad,宽度分别为1.22rad和1.33rad. 随着激光脉冲宽度的增加,分布单脉冲的能量带宽比时间宽度下降得更快. 对于一定宽度的激光脉冲,所产生的分布单脉冲的能量带宽和时间宽度的CEP依赖性显示出180°的周期结构. 利用这个有趣的特点,在实验上可以通过调节CEP来选择分布脉冲的能量参数,也可用来定位和控制阿秒脉冲的时间参数. 理论分析指出,只要选择合适的阿秒X射线能量带宽,CEP不稳定性对于光电子谱和测量结果的影响将大为降低,甚至在最大程度上消除这种影响. 这些研究结果不仅有助于在物理上深入了解高次谐波辐射的动力学过程,而且对于进一步在实验上优化和选择阿秒单脉冲和双脉冲具有重要的参考和指导意义. 关键词： 高次谐波产生 鞍点方法 谐波发射特性 分布脉冲     

利用低频场控制轨道直接产生低于50阿秒的单个脉冲

提出一种直接得到脉宽小于50as的单个脉冲的新方法.利用波长为800nm脉宽为5fs的超短脉冲叠加上波长为10μm,强度为超短脉冲强度的10％且脉宽足够长的低频场脉冲驱动氦原子,谐波谱可以拓展到I_p+8.2U_p,同时,高于4.2U_p的谐波几乎是连续的.如果继续调节超短脉冲的载波包络相位,超连续谱可以继续拓宽,从而可以得到低于50as的单个脉冲. 关键词： 阿秒脉冲 超连续谱     

High-order harmonic generation in nitrogen molecules with subpicosecond visible dye-laser pulses

An experimental study of high-order harmonic generation in nitrogen molecules (N₂) has been made using intense visible (616 nm) dye-laser pulses, where the harmonic radiation up to the 21st order is observed. The harmonic distribution represents a plateau that is preceded by an intensity minimum at the 7th order. The harmonic generation characteristics were atomic-like. It has been found that there are some similarities in the high-order harmonic generation characteristics for N₂ and Ar, including the highest-order harmonics, harmonic distributions, and the influence of the multiphoton ionization on the high-order harmonic generation. These similarities are reasonably attributed to the energetic correspondence of excited levels and ionization potentials. It is pointed out that the ac Stark shift of excited levels and ionization potentials plays an important role also in the high-order harmonic generation in N₂.     

非旋波近似下类克尔介质中“单模光场-受激三能级原子”系统的光子统计演化分析

本文研究了非旋波近似下类克尔介质对“单模光场-受激三能级原子”系统的光子统计演化特性的影响.数值计算的结果表明:类克尔介质的作用直接影响着受激辐射场的平均光子数< n(t) >的Rabi振荡的幅度和频率;而虚光场的影响则表现为受激辐射场的量子噪音,它与激发场强的变化及场与介质的耦合程度密切相关.另外,本文还对< n(t)>进行了频谱分析,结果发现该非线性系统存在着一系列高次谐波;并且,各高次谐波成分和振幅的变化情况完全依赖于激发场强及与介质的耦合程度.     

High-order harmonic generation in laser-irradiated homonuclear diatomics: The velocity gauge version of the molecular strong-field approximation

The strong-field process of high-order harmonic generation in laser-irradiated light homonuclear diatomics (H ₂ ⁺ , N₂, and O₂) is studied compared to atomic counterparts (of nearly identical ionization potential) within the velocity gauge version of conventional strong-field approximation. The applied strong-field approach (we alternatively developed earlier to incorporate rescattering effects beyond the quasiclassical saddle-point approximation) is currently extended to molecular case by means of supplementing the standard linear combination of atomic orbitals and molecular orbitals method. The associated model proved to adequately reproduce a general shape and detailed structure of molecular harmonic spectra, which demonstrate a number of remarkable distinctive differences from respective atomic spectra calculated under the same laser pulses. These revealed differences as well as other generic features (such as the extent of the high-frequency plateau and harmonic emission rates) are found to be strongly dependent on internuclear separation and also very sensitive to the orbital and bonding symmetry of the contributing molecular valence shell. In particular, for some group of harmonics, the emission rates were ascertained to dominate by contribution from inner molecular shells of higher binding energy and different orbital symmetry compared to the outermost molecular orbital normally predominantly contributing. Finally, due to a high suppression in ionization of O₂ relative to counterpart atomic Xe, the harmonic spectrum calculated for O₂ proved to demonstrate a noticeably longer plateau extending far beyond the harmonic cutoff in the Xe spectrum, in a fairly good accordance with relevant experiments.     

High-intensity molecular harmonic generation without ionization

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation from H + 2 in an infrared laser field.Our numerical simulations show that a highly efficient plateau structure exists in the molecular harmonic spectrum.Under the action of the infrared laser pulse,the bound electronic wave packet in a potential well has enough time to tunnel through the effective potential barrier,which is formed by the molecular potential and the infrared laser field,and then recombine with the neighboring nucleus emitting a harmonic photon.During the entire dynamic process,because the wave packet is mainly located in the effective potential,the diffusion effect is of no significance,and thus a highly efficient harmonic plateau can be achieved.Specifically,the cut-off frequency of the plateau is linearly scaled with the peak amplitude of the infrared laser electric field,which may open another route to examine the internuclear distance of the molecule.Furthermore,one may detect the molecular bond lengths using the harmonic plateau.     

Theoretical exploration of asymmetric molecular harmonic emission and attosecond pulse generation in the presence of spatially inhomogeneous plasmon-enhanced field

Asymmetric molecular harmonic generation from HeH²⁺ ion in the presence of the spatially inhomogeneous plasmon-enhanced field has been theoretically investigated by solving the two-dimensional non-Born–Oppenheimer time-dependent Schrödinger equation (both the electron and nuclear motions are considered only along the laser polarisation axis). It shows that (1) for the normal homogeneous field, the harmonic cut-off from the asymmetric molecule is beyond the classical harmonic cut-off energy from the atom (I_p + 3.17 U_p). Further analyses show that the multi-channels ionisation–recombination process is responsible for the harmonic extension. (2) For the spatially inhomogeneous plasmon-enhanced field, the harmonic cut-off can be further enhanced, and an optimal 3.0 dB enhanced field with a 482 eV supercontinuum has been obtained. Quantum time-frequency harmonic analyses have been shown to explain the harmonic characteristics and the harmonic extension process. (3) Initial vibrational state and isotopic effects show that intense harmonics can be generated from higher initial vibrational state and the heavier molecule. Finally, by properly superposing the harmonics, a series of sub-30 as attosecond pulses can be obtained.     

Optically excitedP-quaterphenyl vapour laser

We report the observation of laser action at 350 nm in an organic scintillatorp-quaterphenyl (PQT) in the vapour phase. Pure vapours and their mixtures with SF₆ and N₂ were excited with the fourth harmonic of an Nd laser (266 nm) in transverse pumping geometry. The measured conversion efficiency of the PQT vapour laser was 1% under nonoptimum conditions. Absorption spectrum and vapour density curve are given. Influence of buffer gases on the threshold pump intensity and fluorescence efficiency is reported.     

原子在双色组合场中产生高次谐波的转换效率与激光波长的关系

利用分裂算符法求解速度规范下的含时薛定谔方程,研究了一维氦原子处于单色红外场、红外场与紫外场形成的双色组合场中产生的高次谐波谱,分析了在截止位置附近高次谐波的转换效率与激光波长(800—2000 nm)的关系,发现在双色组合场驱动下截止位置附近高次谐波的转换效率随波长的变化为η(λ)∝λ^－x,其中〈x〉的数值取决于激光场的强度,但是只要选取合适场强的组合场就能提高截止位置附近高次谐波的转换效率. 关键词： 双色组合场 分裂算符 高次谐波 转换效率     

通过双色场和静电场的合成来拓宽高次谐波谱

本篇文章提出了一种通过双色激光场和静电场合成来拓宽高次谐波谱平台区域的方案.我们针对氦原子数值求解了一维含时薛定谔方程,并且得到了不同合成激光场条件下的高次谐波谱,并结合了经典电离-回碰动能分布图和时频分布图分析了静电场对高次谐波谱产生过程的影响.计算结果表明,通过在双色激光场上叠加一个静电场,可以有效地拓宽高次谐波谱的平台区域,从而得到一个频带宽度为358eV的超连续谱.     

Spectrum and extended states in a harmonic chain with controlled disorder: Effects of the Thue-Morse symmetry

Along the lines of previous work, we give the general framework together with a detailed and rigorous study of the spectrum and Born-von Karman eigenstates of a 1D harmonic chain with controlled disorder determined by the Thue-Morse sequence. The spectrum is a Cantor-like set; we prove numerically that its measure is zero and calculate its Bouligand-Minkowski dimension (box dimension). We prove that the value of the IDS on each of the gaps is (2k+1)/(3·2 ^p ), withk andp integers. Finally, we also prove that points in a dense subset of the spectrum give rise to extended states, an exceptional property due to the symmetry of the Thue-Morse substitution which can have important applications to multilayered structures, and we illustrate this situation.     

通过双色激光场和低频电场合成获得孤立40阿秒脉冲

本文提出了一个在双色激光场上叠加低频电场来拓宽高次谐波谱平台区域,从而获得孤立40阿秒脉冲的方案.计算中,我们针对氦原子数值求解了一维含时薛定谔方程,并结合电子的经典回碰动能随时间分布图以及时频分析图,分析了低频电场对高次谐波谱产生过程的影响.计算结果表明,该方案可以有效的拓宽谐波谱的平台区域.通过叠加适当阶数的谐波谱,我们得到了孤立40阿秒脉冲.     

Carrier-envelope phase effects of over-saturated few-cycle laser pulses on high-order harmonic generation

We investigate theoretically the high-order harmonic generation driven by few-cycle laser pulses with intensities above the saturated intensity using the Lewenstein model. It is found that the carrier-envelope phase of the laser pulse has great influences on the coherence of the high-order harmonic spectrum in the plateau region when driven by a relatively weaker driver field in the oversaturated regime. While for a much higher intensity the coherence of the high-order harmonic spectrum is almost independent on the carrier-envelope phase.     

Path integrals with kinetic coupling potentials

Path integral solutions with kinetic coupling potentials p ₁ p ₂ are evaluated. As examples a Morse oscillator, i.e., a model in molecular physics, and the double pendulum in the harmonic approximation are given. The former one is solved by some well-known path integral techniques, whereas the latter one by an affine transformation.     

High-order harmonic generation in sub-one-cycle regime

We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation from the hydrogen atom driven by the laser pulses with the durations less than the optical cycle.It is found that the switching term of the laser field may have an obvious influence on the cutoff,intensity or plateau structure of the high-order harmonic spectrum.Generally speaking,the switching term can shorten the cutoff of the high-order harmonic spectrum for a relatively longer pulse and extend the cutoff for a relatively shorter pulse.