基于新弹塑性模型全程模拟金属疲劳失效

金属材料疲劳失效问题是工程中一类主要问题,选择合理的材料本构关系对于准确确定疲劳失效强度至关重要．本文提出一个简单形式的自由光滑新弹塑性模型,该模型在不涉及通常的屈服条件以及加卸载条件的意义上完全自由,避免了模量间断问题,且比经典模型更简单、更符合实际．结果表明,该模型可直接模拟金属材料在循环加载下直至疲劳破坏的全过程,不涉及任何损伤变量以及人为假设的失效判据,特别地,可直接模拟金属材料的高周、低周疲劳直至最终失效破坏行为．应用P92钢的相关实验数据,给出了循环加载下的数值模拟结果,结果表明,在各种加载-卸载循环情形下,随着应力幅值的增大,疲劳失效循环数减少,这与实际材料行为相一致．     

基于电能耗散的金属材料疲劳损伤测量

根据电磁学原理，提出了基于电能耗散的疲劳损伤定义，指出其较能反映金属材料疲劳损伤的特征。获得了用电阻变化测量疲劳损伤的公式，应用计及疲劳极限和循环应力幅影响的非线性累积疲劳损伤模型，给出了金属材料疲劳损伤的剩余寿命预测公式。通过正火45^#碳钢的旋转弯曲疲劳试验，验证了本文提出的剩余寿命预测公式的可靠性，和韧性耗散测量疲劳损伤相比较；说明了用电阻测量疲劳损伤的合理性。     

多轴非线性连续疲劳损伤累积模型的研究

根据所建立的单轴非线性疲劳损伤累积模型,在多轴疲劳损伤临界面原理研究的基础上,针对多轴比轴比例加载,建立了多轴非线性连续疲劳损伤累积模型,该模型可以考虑多轴疲劳极限、平均静水应力以及损伤参量与加载参数的不可分离的特点,并且能够反映出多轴加载顺序的影响,最后讨论了该多轴疲劳损伤累积模型在多级加载下的递推形式,经多轴二级及块载疲劳试验数据验证表明,用该模型预测多轴疲劳寿命,其结果令人满意。     

一种基于材料韧性耗散分析的疲劳损伤定量新方法

依据疲劳过程中结构钢力学性能的变化规律,从反映疲劳损伤机理、对损伤过程表现敏感且便于实验测试等方面对上述材料弹性、塑性、强度和韧性等参量进行综合考察后指出,韧性是一个适合作为疲劳损伤表征的力学参量,并进一步建立了韧性随疲劳损伤演化的耗散模型。从交变载荷下材料韧性耗散规律出发,结合疲劳损伤的能耗过程分析,系统研究并提出了以韧性为基本参量的疲劳损伤变量、损伤临界值、损伤演化方程和累积损伤模型,据此建立了一种新的疲劳损伤定量方法,并在实验中得到了验证。通过与其它方法比较表明：根据韧性耗散定义损伤变量优于基于延性、强度和弹性模量变化的损伤度量方法,由此得到的累积损伤模型较Ｍｉｎｅｒ线性法则与Ｍａｎｓｏｎ双线性累积损伤法则更符合实验结果。因此,上述疲劳损伤定量方法可为现阶段工程结构的抗疲劳设计与寿命估算提供新的研究手段     

金属材料的非线性疲劳累积损伤模型及强度衰减分析

用连续介质损伤力学的方法推导得到了一个非线性的损伤发展方程，该方程计及了加载过程应力与损伤的完全耦合效应；又由损伤发展方程得到了一个计及加载循环周内和循环周间损伤积累非线性效应的完全非线性疲劳累积损伤模型，已有的部分非线性疲劳累积损伤模型成为它的特例。由损伤发展方程确定了材料剩余强度随损伤发展的衰减规律和临界损伤值。     

基于应变能的复杂应力场低周疲劳分析

塑性应变能使材料微观组织结构发生不可逆变化,从而引起等效宏观应力,该应力随循环加载而增大．假定材料疲劳源处破坏是由最大拉应力引起的,最大等效宏观应力与外加应力叠加达到材料本征断裂应力时形成微裂纹．微裂纹引起上述两部分应力变化,继续加载直至宏观裂纹出现,从而得到材料的疲劳寿命．本文所建立的多轴疲劳寿命公式包含材料参数、拉应力以及塑性应变能等,以上数据可通过单轴疲劳数据和有限元方法获得．通过对SM45C材料的计算验证,表明该模型对多轴随机应变加载低周疲劳寿命,具有良好的预测结果．     

腐蚀环境作用后LC4铝合金疲劳累积损伤竞争模型

日历腐蚀环境作用后材料或结构件的疲劳累积损伤规律是科学地确定飞机结构日历寿命的关键，为此本文进行了多种“疲劳 腐蚀”模式的损伤累积试验，研究了“机械栽荷”和“腐蚀载荷”的相互影响，提出了腐蚀环境作用后疲劳累积损伤的竞争模型。与实验结果的比较表明在“疲劳 腐蚀 疲劳……”的加载模式下竞争模型与试验结果吻合较好。     

线性疲劳累积损伤准则适用性评估

本文将线性疲劳累积损伤理论分为3类:(1)等损伤线性疲劳累积损伤理论;(2)变损伤线性疲劳累积理论;(3)等损伤线性分阶段疲劳累积损伤理论.对每类理论分别从理论基础、材料常数、引入的参量及工程应用等方面进行分析,归纳出典型模型,并利用金属材料的两级谱、多级谱和随机谱试验数据进行了评估.最后,从理论基础和数据评估两方面进行综合评述,得出了不同类型的模型的适用范围和计算效果,对工程实践具有参考价值.     

转动惯量法在多轴疲劳本构关系预测中的应用

一些金属材料在承担多轴非比例加载过程时,会产生额外非比例附加强化或软化现象,这一现象往往会导致在评估疲劳寿命时因为材料本构关系的不确定而引起预测结果出现较大误差．因此基于单轴疲劳理论得出的寿命预测模型并不能准确地预测多轴非比例疲劳加载下的材料寿命．针对此问题,本文阐述了非比例附加强化效应产生的原因及结果,结合转动惯量法的理论和塑性增量法,建立了预测多轴低周疲劳加载下循环应力-应变曲线的数值计算模型．利用316L 不锈钢试样在5 种加载路径下的实验数据对预测结果进行了验证,结果表明该模型具有良好的预测有效性及精度．     

一种新的多轴非比例低周疲劳寿命预测临界面模型

工程结构在服役过程中往往承受着复杂的多轴非比例循环荷载,在长期动力载荷作用下结构构件的失效主要为多轴非比例疲劳破坏. 文中基于圆管薄壁试件在拉-扭复合加载情况下的多轴疲劳试验结果,对比了广泛讨论的Kandil-Brown-Miller (KBM) 模型和Fatemi-Socie (FS) 模型对多轴非比例疲劳寿命的预测能力,分析了非比例加载条件引起多轴疲劳附加损伤的原因;针对FS 模型对不存在非比例附加强化的材料多轴疲劳寿命预测的不足,提出了一个能考虑非比例加载路径变化和材料附加强化效应双重作用的非比例影响因子,参照FS 准则提出了一种新的多轴非比例低周疲劳寿命预测临界面模型. 利用5 种材料的多轴非比例疲劳试验数据对该模型进行了试验验证,结果表明:采用文中提出的临界面模型预测的多轴非比例疲劳寿命与试验结果符合较好,预测精度优于FS 模型;同时,该模型对不存在非比例附加强化的材料的多轴疲劳寿命预测表现出更好的适用性,且能有效的提高不同类型材料的多轴非比例疲劳寿命预测精度.      

基于微-细观机理的混凝土疲劳损伤本构模型

该文致力于混凝土疲劳损伤发展机理的微细观解释. 以速率过程理论为基础,通过考虑裂纹断裂过程区中的水分子动力作用,在细观尺度上建立了具有物理机理的疲劳损伤能量耗散表达式. 结合细观随机断裂模型,以宏观损伤力学为框架,建立了疲劳损伤演化方程. 通过数值模拟,计算了单轴受拉时的疲劳损伤演化以及不同加载幅度下的疲劳寿命. 与相关试验结果的对比显示出该文模型能够很好地表现混凝土材料的疲劳损伤演化过程.      

THE FATIGUE CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OF CONCRETE BASED ON MICRO-MESO MECHANICS

该文致力于混凝土疲劳损伤发展机理的微细观解释. 以速率过程理论为基础,通过考虑裂纹断裂过程区中的水分子动力作用,在细观尺度上建立了具有物理机理的疲劳损伤能量耗散表达式. 结合细观随机断裂模型,以宏观损伤力学为框架,建立了疲劳损伤演化方程. 通过数值模拟,计算了单轴受拉时的疲劳损伤演化以及不同加载幅度下的疲劳寿命. 与相关试验结果的对比显示出该文模型能够很好地表现混凝土材料的疲劳损伤演化过程.     

混凝土低周疲劳强度衰减及寿命预测方法研究

根据低周疲劳的特点, 对混凝土$S$-$N$曲线进行了适当简化, 在此基础上提出了一种 混凝土低周疲劳强度衰减模型及寿命预测方法, 并通过疲劳试验确定了相关参数. 与实测的 疲劳变形发展过程及Miner准则对比分析得出, 提出的模型及方法适用于混凝土低周疲 劳, 能较好地反映出混凝土的低周疲劳损伤机理.     

Strength of damaged polycarbonate after fatigue

A fatigue damage model is proposed to establish a predictive formula for the fatigue service life of polycarbonate (PC) materials. A damage variable is introduced in terms of remaining fracture strain, and a new fatigue damage evolution relation is derived to characterize the extent of fatigue damage after a certain number of loading cycles. Fatigue tests were conducted to construct the stress amplitude versus the fatigue life curve. After different numbers of cycles of fatigue, the new damage variable for PC materials was measured by pulling damaged specimens to fracture under monotonic loading. Experimental results on damage evolution and fatigue life have a good agreement with those predicted by the proposed damage model.     

Experimental Analysis and Damage Modeling of High-Density Polyethylene under Fatigue Loading

In this study,an experimental analysis for determining the fatigue strength of HDPE-100 under cyclic loading is presented.The curve of cumulative fatigue damage versus number of cycles(D-N) was deduced from stiffness degradation.Based on the three stage damage trend,the remaining fatigue life is numerically predicted by considering a double term power damage accumulation model.This model is found to be accurate,both in modeling the rapid damage growth in the early life and near the end of the fatigue life.Numerical results illustrate that the proposed model is capable of accurately fitting several different sets of experimental data.     

A cohesive zone model for fatigue crack growth allowing for crack retardation

A damage-based cohesive model is developed for simulating crack growth due to fatigue loading. The cohesive model follows a linear damage-dependent traction–separation relation coupled with a damage evolution equation. The rate of damage evolution is characterized by three material parameters corresponding to common features of fatigue behavior captured by the model, namely, damage accumulation, crack retardation and stress threshold. Good agreement is obtained between finite element solutions using the model and fatigue test results for an aluminum alloy under different load ratios and for the overload effect on ductile 316 L steel.     

Modeling the low-cycle fatigue behavior of visco-hyperelastic elastomeric materials using a new network alteration theory: Application to styrene-butadiene rubber

Although several theories were more or less recently proposed to describe the Mullins effect, i.e. the stress-softening after the first load, the nonlinear equilibrium and non-equilibrium material response as well as the continuous stress-softening during fatigue loading need to be included in the analysis to propose a reliable design of rubber structures. This contribution presents for the first time a network alteration theory, based on physical interpretations of the stress-softening phenomenon, to capture the time-dependent mechanical response of elastomeric materials under fatigue loading, and this until failure. A successful physically based visco-hyperelastic model is revisited by introducing an evolution law for the physical material parameters affected by the network alteration. The general form of the model can be basically represented by two parallel networks: a nonlinear equilibrium response and a time-dependent deviation from equilibrium, in which the network parameters become functions of the damage rate (defined as the ratio of the applied cycle over the applied cycle to failure). The mechanical behavior of styrene-butadiene rubber was experimentally investigated, and the main features of the constitutive response under fatigue loading are highlighted. The experimental results demonstrate that the evolution of the normalized maximum stress only depends on the damage rate endured by the material during the fatigue loading history. The average chain length and the average chain density are then taken as functions of the damage rate in the proposed network alteration theory. The new model is found to adequately capture the important features of the observed stress-strain curves under loading-unloading for a large spectrum of strain and damage levels. The model capabilities to predict variable amplitude tests are critically discussed by comparisons with experiments.     

Damage precursor detection for structures subjected to rotational base vibration

This paper presents a nonlinear dynamic methodology for monitoring precursors of fatigue damage in metallic structures under variable rotational base excitation. The methodology accounts for important nonlinearities due to the complex loading generated by variable rotation and structural degradation. The sources of the nonlinearities include: structural stiffening due to gyroscopic motion and high-response amplitude at the fundamental mode, softening due to inertial forces and gyroscopic loads, and localized microscopic material damage and micro-plasticity. The loading intensity and number of vibration cycles increase the influence of these effects. The change in the dynamic response due to fatigue damage accumulation is experimentally investigated by exciting a cantilever beam at variable rotational base motions. The observed fatigue evolution in the material microstructure at regions of large stresses (and the resulting progressive structural softening) is tracked by quantifying the growth in the tip response, the change in the fundamental natural frequency of the beam and the skewedness of the stepped-sine response curve. Previous understanding of the structural dynamic behavior is necessary to ascertain the damage precursor location and evolution. Nanoindentation studies near the beam clamped boundary are conducted to confirm the gradual progression in the local mechanical properties as a function of loading cycles, and microstructural studies are conducted to obtain qualitative preliminary insights into the microstructure evolution. This study demonstrates that careful monitoring of the nonlinearities in the structural dynamic response can be a sensitive parameter for detection of damage precursors.     

考虑非比例附加损伤的多轴低周疲劳寿命模型

基于临界面法, 提出了一种能够反映非比例疲劳寿命锐减现象的多轴低周疲劳寿命模型. 与传统临界面模型只考虑附加强化效果不同, 新的模型在疲劳损伤参量中引入新定义的非比例附加损伤系数, 能综合考虑非比例加载条件下附加强化和载荷路径两种因素对疲劳寿命减少的影响, 并且分别以最大切应变和最大损伤平面作为临界面来构建疲劳损伤参量, 反映了临界面的选取对模型预测结果的重要影响. 从已发表文献中选用8 种材料的多轴疲劳试验结果进行验证, 新模型能同时适用于比例和非比例加载, 并且具有很好的寿命预测精度和材料适用性.