Solitaire Lattices

 One of the classical problems concerning the peg solitaire game is the feasibility issue. Tools used to show the infeasibility of various peg games include valid inequalities, known as pagoda-functions, and the so-called rule-of-three. Here we introduce and study another necessary condition: the solitaire lattice criterion. While the lattice criterion is shown to be equivalent to the rule-of-three for the classical English 33-board and French 37-board as well as for any m×n board, the lattice criterion is stronger than the rule-of-three for games played on more complex boards. In fact, for a wide family of boards presented in this paper, the lattice criterion exponentially outperforms the rule-of-three. Received: February 22, 1999?Final version received: June 19, 2000     

Peg solitaire on graphs

There have been several papers on the subject of traditional peg solitaire on different boards. However, in this paper we consider a generalization of the game to arbitrary boards. These boards are treated as graphs in the combinatorial sense. We present necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of several well-known families of graphs. In the major result of this paper, we show that the cartesian product of two solvable graphs is likewise solvable. Several related results are also presented. Finally, several open problems related to this study are given.     

On the geometry of complete intersection toric varieties

In this paper we give a geometric characterization of the cones of toric varieties that are complete intersections. In particular, we prove that the class of complete intersection cones is the smallest class of cones which is closed under direct sum and contains all simplex cones. Further, we show that the number of the extreme rays of such a cone, which is less than or equal to 2n − 2, is exactly 2n − 2 if and only if the cone is a bipyramidal cone, where n > 1 is the dimension of the cone. Finally, we characterize all toric varieties whose associated cones are complete intersection cones. Received: 4 July 2005     

Ricci-flat Kähler metrics on crepant resolutions of Kähler cones

We prove that a crepant resolution π : Y → X of a Ricci-flat Kähler cone X admits a complete Ricci-flat Kähler metric asymptotic to the cone metric in every Kähler class in ${H^2_c(Y,\mathbb{R})}We prove that a crepant resolution π : Y → X of a Ricci-flat K?hler cone X admits a complete Ricci-flat K?hler metric asymptotic to the cone metric in every K?hler class in H²_c(Y,\mathbbR){H^2_c(Y,\mathbb{R})}. A K?hler cone (X,[`(g)]){(X,\bar{g})} is a metric cone over a Sasaki manifold (S, g), i.e. ${X=C(S):=S\times\mathbb{R}_{ >0 }}${X=C(S):=S\times\mathbb{R}_{ >0 }} with [`(g)]=dr² +r² g{\bar{g}=dr^2 +r^2 g}, and (X,[`(g)]){(X,\bar{g})} is Ricci-flat precisely when (S, g) Einstein of positive scalar curvature. This result contains as a subset the existence of ALE Ricci-flat K?hler metrics on crepant resolutions p:Y? X=\mathbbC<sup>n</sup> /G{\pi:Y\rightarrow X=\mathbb{C}^n /\Gamma}, with G ì SL(n,\mathbbC){\Gamma\subset SL(n,\mathbb{C})}, due to P. Kronheimer (n = 2) and D. Joyce (n > 2). We then consider the case when X = C(S) is toric. It is a result of A. Futaki, H. Ono, and G. Wang that any Gorenstein toric K?hler cone admits a Ricci-flat K?hler cone metric. It follows that if a toric K?hler cone X = C(S) admits a crepant resolution π : Y → X, then Y admits a T <sup>n</sup> -invariant Ricci-flat K?hler metric asymptotic to the cone metric (X,[`(g)]){(X,\bar{g})} in every K?hler class in H²_c(Y,\mathbbR){H^2_c(Y,\mathbb{R})}. A crepant resolution, in this context, is a simplicial fan refining the convex polyhedral cone defining X. We then list some examples which are easy to construct using toric geometry.     

Some results of Perov type in rectangular cone metric spaces

In 2000, Branciari replaced the triangle inequality by a more general one which today is known as the rectangular inequality and introduced the notion of generalized metric space or rectangular metric space. Subsequently Azam, Arshad, and Beg introduced the concept of rectangular cone metric space and proved fixed point results for Banach-type contractions in rectangular cone metric spaces. In this paper, we establish fixed point results for mappings that satisfy a contractive condition of Perov type in rectangular cone metric spaces.     

On the existence of certain smooth toric varieties

We prove that the combinatorial types of those cone systems which correspond to complete smooth toric varieties are more restricted than for complete toric varieties: the toric varieties corresponding to essentially all types of cyclic polytopes possess singularities. This yields a negative answer to a problem stated by G. Ewald. Some consequences and problems concerning mathematical programming and the rational cohomology of smooth toric varieties are discussed.The research of P. Kleinschmidt was supported in part by the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.     

Fixed Points of Sequence of Ćirić Generalized Contractions of Perov Type

Perov used the concept of vector valued metric space and obtained a Banach type fixed point theorem on such a complete generalized metric space. In this article, we study fixed point results for the new extensions of sequence of ?iri? generalized contractions on cone metric space, and we give some generalized versions of the fixed point theorem of Perov. The theory is illustrated with some examples. It is worth mentioning that the main result in this paper could not be derived from ?iri?’s result by the scalarization method, and hence indeed improves many recent results in cone metric spaces.     

Dimension of asymptotic cones of Lie groups

We compute the covering dimension of the asymptotic cone ofa connected Lie group. For simply connected solvable Lie groups,this is the codimension of the exponential radical. As an application of the proof, we give a characterization ofconnected Lie groups that quasi-isometrically embed into a nonpositivelycurved metric space. Received February 6, 2007.     

On Generalized Algebraic Cone Metric Spaces and Fixed Point Theorems

In this paper, the author first introduces the concept of generalized algebraic cone metric spaces and some elementary results concerning generalized algebraic cone metric spaces. Next, by using these results, some new fixed point theorems on generalized (complete) algebraic cone metric spaces are proved and an example is given. As a consequence, the main results generalize the corresponding results in complete algebraic cone metric spaces and generalized complete metric spaces.     

On nonlinear quasi-contractions on TVS-cone metric spaces

Recently, Du [W.-S. Du, A note on cone metric fixed point theory and its equivalence, Nonlinear Anal. (2009), doi:10.1016/j.na.2009.10.026] introduced the notion of TVS-cone metric space. In this paper we present fixed point theorem for nonlinear quasi-contractive mappings defined on TVS-cone metric space, which generalizes earlier results obtained by Ili? and Rako?evi? [D. Ili?, V. Rako?evi?, Quasi-contractions on a cone metric space, Appl. Math. Lett. 22 (2009) 728–731] and Kadelburg, Radenovi? and Rako?evi? [Z. Kadelburg, S. Radenovi?, V. Rako?evi?, Remarks on quasi-contractions on a cone metric space, Appl. Math. Lett. 22 (2009) 1674–1679].     

Remarks on “Quasi-contraction on a cone metric space”

Recently, D. Ili? and V. Rako?evi? [D. Ili?, V. Rako?evi?, Quasi-contraction on a cone metric space, Appl. Math. Lett. (2008) doi:10.1016/j.aml.2008.08.011] proved a fixed point theorem for quasi-contractive mappings in cone metric spaces when the underlying cone is normal. The aim of this paper is to prove this and some related results without using the normality condition.     

Residues in toric varieties

We study residues on a complete toric variety X, which are defined in terms of the homogeneous coordinate ring of X.We first prove a global transformation law for toric residues. When the fan of the toric variety has a simplicial cone of maximal dimension, we can produce an element with toric residue equal to 1. We also show that in certain situations, the toric residue is an isomorphism on an appropriate graded piece of the quotient ring. When X is simplicial, we prove that the toric residue is a sum of local residues. In the case of equal degrees, we also show how to represent X as a quotient (Y\{0})/C* such that the toric residue becomes the local residue at 0 in Y.     

Impact of binary and Fibonacci expansions of numbers on winning strategies for Nim-like games

An analysis of the successful moves for the game of solitaire, played in reverse, has resulted in the formulation of a set of rules, the observance of which leads to success. The principal rules entail symmetry properties and also the density of packing of pegs. Subsidiary rules are formulated in terms of both the current location of play and its direction. When play has proceeded for some way, a difficulty is encountered which can be surmounted by applying a modified form of the rule for density of packing.

The interesting fact emerges that within the game of solitaire there are two separate symmetrical situations which are species of mini‐solitaire.     

Common fixed points for maps on cone metric space

The purpose of this paper is to generalize and to unify fixed point theorems of Das and Naik, ?iri?, Jungck, Huang and Zhang on complete cone metric space.     

On the existence and nonexistence of extremal metrics on toric Kähler surfaces

In this paper we study the existence of extremal metrics on toric Kähler surfaces. We show that on every toric Kähler surface, there exists a Kähler class in which the surface admits an extremal metric of Calabi. We found a toric Kähler surface of 9 -fixed points which admits an unstable Kähler class and there is no extremal metric of Calabi in it. Moreover, we prove a characterization of the K-stability of toric surfaces by simple piecewise linear functions. As an application, we show that among all toric Kähler surfaces with 5 or 6 -fixed points, is the only one which allows vanishing Futaki invariant and admits extremal metrics of constant scalar curvature.     

Totally balanced combinatorial optimization games

Combinatorial optimization games deal with cooperative games for which the value of every subset of players is obtained by solving a combinatorial optimization problem on the resources collectively owned by this subset. A solution of the game is in the core if no subset of players is able to gain advantage by breaking away from this collective decision of all players. The game is totally balanced if and only if the core is non-empty for every induced subgame of it.?We study the total balancedness of several combinatorial optimization games in this paper. For a class of the partition game [5], we have a complete characterization for the total balancedness. For the packing and covering games [3], we completely clarify the relationship between the related primal/dual linear programs for the corresponding games to be totally balanced. Our work opens up the question of fully characterizing the combinatorial structures of totally balanced packing and covering games, for which we present some interesting examples: the totally balanced matching, vertex cover, and minimum coloring games. Received: November 5, 1998 / Accepted: September 8, 1999?Published online February 23, 2000     

Elliptic genera of toric varieties and applications to mirror symmetry

The paper contains a proof that elliptic genus of a Calabi-Yau manifold is a Jacobi form, finds in which dimensions the elliptic genus is determined by the Hodge numbers and shows that elliptic genera of a Calabi-Yau hypersurface in a toric variety and its mirror coincide up to sign. The proof of the mirror property is based on the extension of elliptic genus to Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in toric varieties with Gorenstein singularities. Oblatum 12-V-1999 & 4-XI-1999?Published online: 21 February 2000     

Examples of asymptotically conical Ricci-flat Kähler manifolds

Previously the author has proved that a crepant resolution π : Y → X of a Ricci-flat Kähler cone X admits a complete Ricci-flat Kähler metric asymptotic to the cone metric in every Kähler class in ${H^2_c(Y,\mathbb R)}$ . These manifolds can be considered to be generalizations of the Ricci-flat ALE Kähler spaces known by the work of P. Kronheimer, D. Joyce and others. This article considers further the problem of constructing examples. We show that every 3-dimensional Gorenstein toric Kähler cone admits a crepant resolution for which the above theorem applies. This gives infinitely many examples of asymptotically conical Ricci-flat manifolds. Then other examples are given of which are crepant resolutions hypersurface singularities which are known to admit Ricci-flat Kähler cone metrics by the work of C. Boyer, K. Galicki, J. Kollár, and others. We concentrate on 3-dimensional examples. Two families of hypersurface examples are given which are distinguished by the condition b ₃(Y) = 0 or b ₃(Y) ≠ 0.     

On a conjecture of Cox and Katz

This note shows that a certain toric quotient of the quintic Calabi-Yau threefold in provides a counterexample to a recent conjecture of Cox and Katz concerning nef cones of toric hypersurfaces. Received: 8 February 2001; in final form: 17 September 2001 / Published online: 1 February 2002