一种用于高斯光束整形的衍折射光学元件的研究

由衍射光学元件（ＤＯＥ）和折射透镜组成的衍折射光学元件，用于较大功率密度和光束半径的高斯光束的聚焦。运用ＧＳ算法，用外围的ＤＯＥ产生一个偏移的高斯光束分布，与中心的折射透镜会聚后的高斯光束相干叠加在一个很小的聚焦圆内，在聚焦圆内的光强分布不平整度小于５％。给出了一个圆域基模高斯光束的整形分布，计算误差小于３．５％。     

菲涅耳区衍射光学束匀滑器件的设计

 采用精细化设计方法，进行了菲涅耳区衍射光学束匀滑器件的设计，利用爬山-模拟退火混合优化算法，获得了真实的束匀滑分布，不仅控制了算法采样点上的光强分布，还控制了其他非采样点上的光强分布。优化得到的束匀滑器件的位相深度小于π，易于后续加工。     

Fourier treatment to the diffractive optical element composed of Fresnel zone and pinholes

Currently, the minimum feature size fabricated is about 15-40 nm. The resolution of Fresnel zone plates is limited by the width of the outermost zone. Although the photon sieves make it possible to focus soft X-rays to spot sizes smaller than the diameter of the smallest pinhole they have low diffraction efficiency. In order to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses of them, we propose a new model which is composed of Fresnel zone and pinholes and give its fast Fourier algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the resolution of photon sieves is not better than that of Fresnel zone plates in low order of local rings. In this case, we can substitute pinholes for Fresnel zone in photon sieves. Resolution is nearly a constant, and also the diffraction efficiency improves.     

Using diffractive optical element and Zygo interferometer to test large-aperture convex surface

A valid method for measuring the large-aperture convex surface by using a curved diffractive optical element (DOE) and a Zygo interferometer is demonstrated experimentally. In this method, the direct use of source and high-resolution CCD camera of Zygo interferometer represents a major advance in the areas of adjustment. The DOE, fabricated by combining laser direct writing and lithography, results in higher accuracy, efficiency and lower cost for testing aspheric compared with other types of DOE employed. We have fabricated one optical test system and measured a 110-mm-diameter convex surface of errors 44.3 nm rms and 311 nm P–V.     

Investigation of diffractive optical element for shaping a Gaussian beam into a ring-shaped pattern

To convert a given single-mode He–Ne laser beam into a ring-shaped intensity distribution, a diffractive optical element with 16 levels was designed by YG amplitude-phase retrieval and iteration algorithm. This beam shaper is investigated experimentally and compared with the results of the computer design. The results show good conformity, and the measured diffraction efficiency is 87.2%. In addition, the diffractive effect is observed when the distance between diffractive optical element and CCD is changed.     

Large aperture continuous phase diffractive optical element to realize uniform focal spot

Uniform focal spot, with flat top, steep edge, low side lobe and high light efficiency, is required in many high power laser system. Using diffractive optical element (DOE) to realize such uniform illumination has many advantages, such as high light efficiency of pure phase modulation, strong flexibility of phase design and so on. A kind of hybrid algorithm based on hill-climbing and simulated annealing is utilized for phase design, owing to the strong convergence of the hill-climbing and the global optimization potential of the simulated annealing. A continuous phase DOE with diameter 100 mm has been fabricated by a rotating hollowed-out mask and ion-etching on the K9-glass substrate. The interferogram of the DOE is given to show the smoothness of the phase distribution. The intensity distribution of the focal spot are measured by a general CCD, and a series of attenuators are used to increase the dynamic range of the measurement. The results after data-processing show that the uniform focal spot with certain uniformity at the main lobe, sharp edge, low side lobe and without sharp peak at the zero order has been obtained.     

大口径衍射光学束匀滑器件的研制

采用爬山－模拟退火混合优化算法,选取合适的权重因子,改善了衍射光学束匀滑器件的设计性能,其顶部不均匀性小于1%,能量利用率优于95%。采用旋转镂空掩模板,加工出Φ 180的束匀滑器件,并进行了实验研究,获得了较好的束匀滑光强包络。为获得真实的束匀滑分布、改善顶部均匀性、提高抗波前畸变宽容度,选取特定的焦面采样间隔进行了精细化设计。     

Inspection of orientation of micro fibres in dried wood by a diffractive optical element

Orientation of micro fibres in dried wood was investigated by using diffractive optical element (DOE)-based sensor. Correlation between the visibility of the images of the DOE sensor and small-angle X-ray diffraction responses was observed.     

Influence of spectral dispersion parameters on the beam smoothing performance of a diffractive optical element

In this paper, a theoretical model to analyze the beam smoothing performance, realized by the smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) and the diffractive optical element (DOE), is set up with the use of the spatial frequency spectra of the far-field intensity distribution. The influences of the parameters of the SSD, for example, the frequency of the electrical field, the integration time and the angular dispersion of the diffraction grating, on the beam smoothing performance of the DOE are numerically analyzed. Furthermore, the phase distortion is considered, and the simulated results show the phase distortion should be changed during the integration time in order to obtain a good performance of beam smoothing.     

Tight focusing of circularly polarized beam over high NA lens axicon with a diffractive optical element

We propose to use diffractive optical element in combination with high NA lens axicon to achieve a high depth of focus when illuminated by a circularly polarized beam. With this kind of system, the focal depth is increased to 12.816λ and the magnetic spot size is reduced to 0.3764λ. However, in the conventional lens with same NA, the FWHM of the magnetic spot is found to be 0.4308λ and its corresponding magnetization depth is only 0.888λ. The author expects that such a high focal depth strong longitudinal magnetic field with large magnetization depth can be widely used in high density magneto optic recording, laser machining, laser cutting and the scanning near-field magnetic microscope.     

菲涅耳区衍射光学束匀滑器件的设计

采用精细化设计方法,进行了菲涅耳区衍射光学束匀滑器件的设计,利用爬山-模拟退火混合优化算法,获得了真实的束匀滑分布,不仅控制了算法采样点上的光强分布,还控制了其他非采样点上的光强分布。优化得到的束匀滑器件的位相深度小于π,易于后续加工。