Detection of Singularities by Discrete Multiscale Directional Representations

One of the most remarkable properties of the continuous curvelet and shearlet transforms is their sensitivity to the directional regularity of functions and distributions. As a consequence of this property, these transforms can be used to characterize the geometry of edge singularities of functions and distributions by their asymptotic decay at fine scales. This ability is a major extension of the conventional continuous wavelet transform which can only describe pointwise regularity properties. However, while in the case of wavelets it is relatively easy to relate the asymptotic properties of the continuous transform to properties of discrete wavelet coefficients, this problem is surprisingly challenging in the case of discrete curvelets and shearlets where one wants to handle also the geometry of the singularity. No result for the discrete case was known so far. In this paper, we derive non-asymptotic estimates showing that discrete shearlet coefficients can detect, in a precise sense, the location and orientation of curvilinear edges. We discuss connections and implications of this result to sparse approximations and other applications.     

Analytic extension and reconstruction of obstacles from few measurements for elliptic second order operators

We deal with an inverse obstacle problem for general second order scalar elliptic operators with real principal part and analytic coefficients near the obstacle. We assume that the boundary of the obstacle is a non-analytic hypersurface. We show that, when we put Dirichlet boundary conditions, one measurement is enough to reconstruct the obstacle. In the Neumann case, we have results only for n = 2, 3 in general. More precisely, we show that one measurement is enough for n = 2 and we need 3 linearly independent inputs for n = 3. However, in the case for the Helmholtz equation, we only need n ? 1 linearly independent inputs, for any n ≥ 2. Here n is the dimension of the space containing the obstacle. These are justified by investigating the analyticity properties of the zero set of a real analytic function. In addition, we give a reconstruction procedure for each case to recover the shape of obstacle. Although we state the results for the scattering problems, similar results are true for the associated boundary value problems.     

Zero products of Toeplitz operators with harmonic symbols

On the Bergman space of the unit ball in Cⁿ, we solve the zero-product problem for two Toeplitz operators with harmonic symbols that have continuous extensions to (some part of) the boundary. In the case where symbols have Lipschitz continuous extensions to the boundary, we solve the zero-product problem for multiple products with the number of factors depending on the dimension n of the underlying space; the number of factors is n+3. We also prove a local version of this result but with loss of a factor.     

Incompatible elasticity and the immersion of non-flat Riemannian manifolds in Euclidean space

We study a geometric problem that originates from theories of nonlinear elasticity: given a non-flat n-dimensional Riemannian manifold with boundary, homeomorphic to a bounded subset of ? ⁿ , what is the minimum amount of deformation required in order to immerse it in a Euclidean space of the same dimension? The amount of deformation, which in the physical context is an elastic energy, is quantified by an average over a local metric discrepancy. We derive an explicit lower bound for this energy for the case where the scalar curvature of the manifold is non-negative. For n = 2 we generalize the result for surfaces of arbitrary curvature.     

Microlocal analysis of edge flatness through directional multiscale representations

Edges and surface boundaries are often the most relevant features in images and multidimensional data. It is well known that multiscale methods including wavelets and their more sophisticated multidimensional siblings offer a powerful tool for the analysis and detection of such sets. Among such methods, the continuous shearlet transform has been especially successful. This method combines anisotropic scaling and directional sensitivity controlled by shear transformations in order to precisely identify not only the location of edges and boundary points but also edge orientation and corner points. In this paper, we show that this framework can be made even more flexible by controlling the scaling parameter of the anisotropic dilation matrix and considering non-parabolic scaling. We prove that, using ‘higher-than-parabolic’ scaling, the modified shearlet transform is also able to estimate the degree of local flatness of an edge or surface boundary, providing more detailed information about the geometry of edge and boundary points.     

The Continuous Shearlet Transform in Arbitrary Space Dimensions

This paper is concerned with the generalization of the continuous shearlet transform to higher dimensions. Similar to the two-dimensional case, our approach is based on translations, anisotropic dilations and specific shear matrices. We show that the associated integral transform again originates from a square-integrable representation of a specific group, the full n-variate shearlet group. Moreover, we verify that by applying the coorbit theory, canonical scales of smoothness spaces and associated Banach frames can be derived. We also indicate how our transform can be used to characterize singularities in signals.     

Inversion Formula for Shearlet Transform in Arbitrary Space Dimensions

In this article, we study the convergence of the inverse shearlet transform in arbitrary space dimensions. For every pair of admissible shearlets, we show that although the integral involved in the inversion formula from the continuous shearlet transform is convergent in the L² sense, it is not true in general whenever pointwise convergence is considered. We give some su?cient conditions for the pointwise convergence to hold. Moreover, for any pair of admissible shearlets we show that the Riemannian sums defined by the inverse shearlet transform are convergent to the original function as the sampling density tends to infinity.     

Inverting the local geodesic X-ray transform on tensors

We prove the local invertibility, up to potential fields, and stability of the geodesic X-ray transform on tensor fields of order 1 and 2 near a strictly convex boundary point, on manifolds with boundary of dimension n ≥ 3. We also present an inversion formula. Under the condition that the manifold can be foliated with a continuous family of strictly convex surfaces, we prove a global result which also implies a lens rigidity result near such a metric. The class of manifolds satisfying the foliation condition includes manifolds with no focal points, and does not exclude existence of conjugate points.     

Shearlet coorbit spaces and associated Banach frames

In this paper, we study the relationships of the newly developed continuous shearlet transform with the coorbit space theory. It turns out that all the conditions that are needed to apply the coorbit space theory can indeed be satisfied for the shearlet group. Consequently, we establish new families of smoothness spaces, the shearlet coorbit spaces. Moreover, our approach yields Banach frames for these spaces in a quite natural way. We also study the approximation power of best n-term approximation schemes and present some first numerical experiments.     

Property A in an Infinite-Dimensional Space. I

Abstract. We prove that an infinite-dimensional space of piecewise polynomial functions of degree at most n-1 with infinitely many simple knots, n ≥ 2 , satisfies Property A. Apart from its independent interest, this result allows us to solve an open classical problem (n ≥ 3 ) in theory of best approximation: the uniqueness of best L ₁ -approximation by n -convex functions to an integrable, continuous function defined on a bounded interval. In this first part of the paper we prove the case n=2 and give key results in order to complete the general proof in the second part.     

Sufficient conditions for the extension ofC R structures

LetM be a smoothC R manifold of dimension 2n ? 1 such that at each point, either the Levi form has at least 3 positive eigenvalues or it hasn ? 1 negative eigenvalues. IfD is a smoothly bounded subdomain ofM, then there is a smoothly bounded integrable almost complex manifoldX of dimension 2n such thatM is contained in the boundary ofX and such that theC R structure thatM inherits as a subset ofX coincides with the original structure ofM.     

Optimal recovery of 3D X-ray tomographic data via shearlet decomposition

This paper introduces a new decomposition of the 3D X-ray transform based on the shearlet representation, a multiscale directional representation which is optimally efficient in handling 3D data containing edge singularities. Using this decomposition, we derive a highly effective reconstruction algorithm yielding a near-optimal rate of convergence in estimating piecewise smooth objects from 3D X-ray tomographic data which are corrupted by white Gaussian noise. This algorithm is achieved by applying a thresholding scheme on the 3D shearlet transform coefficients of the noisy data which, for a given noise level ε, can be tuned so that the estimator attains the essentially optimal mean square error rate O(log(ε ^???1)ε ^2/3), as ε→0. This is the first published result to achieve this type of error estimate, outperforming methods based on Wavelet-Vaguelettes decomposition and on SVD, which can only achieve MSE rates of O(ε ^1/2) and O(ε ^1/3), respectively.     

Asymptotic regularity conditions for the strong convergence towards weak limit sets and weak attractors of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations

The asymptotic behavior of solutions of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is considered on bounded smooth domains with no-slip boundary conditions and on periodic domains. Asymptotic regularity conditions are presented to ensure that the convergence of a Leray-Hopf weak solution to its weak ω-limit set (weak in the sense of the weak topology of the space H of square-integrable divergence-free velocity fields with the appropriate boundary conditions) are achieved also in the strong topology. It is proved that the weak ω-limit set is strongly compact and strongly attracts the corresponding solution if and only if all the solutions in the weak ω-limit set are continuous in the strong topology of H. Corresponding results for the strong convergence towards the weak global attractor of Foias and Temam are also presented. In this case, it is proved that the weak global attractor is strongly compact and strongly attracts the weak solutions, uniformly with respect to uniformly bounded sets of weak solutions, if and only if all the global weak solutions in the weak global attractor are strongly continuous in H.     

Continuous shearlet frames and resolution of the wavefront set

In recent years directional multiscale transformations like the curvelet- or shearlet transformation have gained considerable attention. The reason for this is that these transforms are??unlike more traditional transforms like wavelets??able to efficiently handle data with features along edges. The main result in Kutyniok and Labate (Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 361:2719?C2754, 2009) confirming this property for shearlets is due to Kutyniok and Labate where it is shown that for very special functions ?? with frequency support in a compact conical wegde the decay rate of the shearlet coefficients of a tempered distribution f with respect to the shearlet ?? can resolve the wavefront set of f. We demonstrate that the same result can be verified under much weaker assumptions on ??, namely to possess sufficiently many anisotropic vanishing moments. We also show how to build frames for ${L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)}$ from any such function. To prove our statements we develop a new approach based on an adaption of the Radon transform to the shearlet structure.     

Local bifurcations of plane running waves for the generalized cubic Schrödinger equation

For the generalized cubic Schrödinger equation, we consider a periodic boundary value problem in the case of n independent space variables. For this boundary value problem, there exists a countable set of plane running waves periodic with respect to the time variable. We analyze their stability and local bifurcations under the change of stability. We show that invariant tori of dimension 2, ..., n + 1 can bifurcate from each of them. We obtain asymptotic formulas for the solutions on invariant tori and stability conditions for bifurcating tori as well as parameter ranges in which, starting from n = 3, a subcritical (stiff) bifurcation of invariant tori is possible.     

Generalized logarithmic exponent of linear differential systems in the topology of uniform convergence

We show that the generalized logarithmic exponent of an n-dimensional homogeneous linear differential system with continuous bounded coefficients on the half-line treated as a function of its right-hand side on the set of all such systems equipped with the topology of uniform convergence belongs exactly to the second Baire class if n ≥ 2 and to the zero Baire class if n = 1.     

The complex of non-crossing diagonals of a polygon

Given a convex n-gon P in R² with vertices in general position, it is well known that the simplicial complex θ(P) with vertex set given by diagonals in P and facets given by triangulations of P is the boundary complex of a polytope of dimension n−3. We prove that for any non-convex polygonal region P with n vertices and h+1 boundary components, θ(P) is a ball of dimension n+3h−4. We also provide a new proof that θ(P) is a sphere when P is convex with vertices in general position.     

连续切波变换的高维奇异性分析

在高维数据处理过程中,确定高维平方可积函数的奇异性有着重要的意义,它可作为模式识别、数据挖掘、频谱分析、大型机械故障诊断、航空航天、遥感与控制以及三维图像处理的基础.本文首先给出高维平方可积函数的连续切波变换重构公式;其次研究几种特殊函数的切波系数的衰减性质;最后运用重构公式中的切波系数刻画平方可积函数的奇异支撑集.本文的结果推广了Kutyniok和Dahlke等人给出的一些已知结果.     

Resolution of the Wavefront Set Using General Continuous Wavelet Transforms

We consider the problem of characterizing the wavefront set of a tempered distribution \(u\in \mathcal {S}'(\mathbb {R}^{d})\) in terms of its continuous wavelet transform, where the latter is defined with respect to a suitably chosen dilation group \(H\subset \mathrm{GL}(\mathbb {R}^{d})\). In this paper we develop a comprehensive and unified approach that allows to establish characterizations of the wavefront set in terms of rapid coefficient decay, for a large variety of dilation groups. For this purpose, we introduce two technical conditions on the dual action of the group H, called microlocal admissibility and (weak) cone approximation property. Essentially, microlocal admissibility sets up a systematic relationship between the scales in a wavelet dilated by \(h\in H\) on one side, and the matrix norm of h on the other side. The (weak) cone approximation property describes the ability of the wavelet system to adapt its frequency-side localization to arbitrary frequency cones. Together, microlocal admissibility and the weak cone approximation property allow the characterization of points in the wavefront set using multiple wavelets. Replacing the weak cone approximation by its stronger counterpart gives rise to single wavelet characterizations. We illustrate the scope of our results by discussing—in any dimension \(d\ge 2\)—the similitude, diagonal and shearlet dilation groups, for which we verify the pertinent conditions. As a result, similitude and diagonal groups can be employed for multiple wavelet characterizations, whereas for the shearlet groups a single wavelet suffices. In particular, the shearlet characterization (previously only established for \(d=2\)) holds in arbitrary dimensions.