科学方法在初中物理教学的应用

物理学科有着本学科的知识体系以及科学方法、施教方法和学生的学习方法;及时对初中学物理中的科学方法进行总结归纳,并运用到实际的教育教学中,具有非常深远的意义。在教学中有意识地以科学方法为线索重组教材、组织教学过程。《物理课程标准》指出,科学思维是从物理学视角对客观事物的本质属性、内在规律及相互关系的认识。     

国内初中物理教材中物理学史呈现的比较研究

义务制教育物理课程标准提出要提高学生的科学素养. 科学素养应该包括理解基本科学观点、理解科 学方法、科学精神. 要实现这个目标,必须从物理学史中去汲取营养. 笔者通过比较国内各个版本的教材,建议编写 者要重视物理学史在教材中的合理呈现     

渗透物理方法教育 提高学生的科学素质

在物理课教学中,渗透物理方法教育,对于学生科学思想与科学能力的培养、提高教学质量具有深远的意义,因此它是我国基础物理教学改革的又一重要课题.1 讲课中注意介绍物理方法 物理科学方法有以下几类. 第一、哲学方法.这是科学方法的最高层次,哲学研究包括自然界、人类社会和思     

渗透物理科学方法教育，提高学生科学素质

本文在分析科学方法教育在中学物理教学中作用的基础上,阐述了科学方法教育的内容,原则,探讨了物理教学中进行科学方法教育的途径。     

判天地之美 析万物之理——赏析新教材“万有引力与宇宙航行”中物理学科核心素养的渗透

物理教育是科学教育的一部分,新教材在培养学生物理学科核心素养方面做出了很大的改变和尝试,如何在日常教学工作中,去发掘教材的育人功能,体会编者的匠心,提升学生的科学素养,应该是从事高中物理教学的一线教师思考的重要问题.     

论物理教学中的科学方法教育

阐述了物理教学中进行科学方法教育的意义,在分析物理教学中进行科学方法教育现状的基础上尝试提出相应的对策.     

科学史融入物理实验教学的探索

由科学史引入科学教育的发展历程人手,着重从科学史有利于促进对科学本质的理解,有助于求实、批判和创新精神的培养,具有沟通科学与人文桥梁的重要作用3个方面,阐述了在实验教学加强科学史教育的意义和价值,最后介绍了科学史融入物理实验教材、融入物理实验教学和融入创新教育活动的探索研究情况.     

强化科学方法教育的探讨

在专业理论教学中,实施物理专业教学规范面临的主要问题是加强物理科学方法的教育,对如何加强理论课教学中科学方法教育的几个相关问题进行了探讨。     

引导学生观察与思考,重视引入新课的教学--浅谈初中"平面镜"的引入新课教学

在执行《物理课程标准》和使用其配套教材的过程中，教师都很重视科学探究教育和课堂上的“探究性教学”．     

物理教学中的理想模型

许多中专物理教材中,强化了科学方法的教育。但物理课程毕竟是以知识体系的编排为主,科学方法大多只是隐含在其中,这就要求教师从教材中挖掘和提炼物理方法,在教学过程中有意识地渗透和传授物理学的研究方法,使学生潜移默化地受到科学方法的教育,掌握运用它们。 理想化方法是一种抽象方法,它抓住事物的主要因素,略去次要因素,可以使研究的问     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Muonic and pionic L- and M-series in carbon and oxygen and the pionic 2p level shift and width of oxygen

Muonic and pionic X-rays of the L- and M-series in C and O have been measured with a Si(Li) detector in the energy range between 7 keV and 60 keV. The target consisted of mylar (C₅H₄O₂). Energies and intensities of 21 transitions have been determined. The strong interaction shift of the pionic 2p level in O was measured and found to be +4.1 ±2.3 eV. The measured width of this level is 11±6 eV. The measured yields have been compared with cascade calculations.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Nonlocal potentials and their exact and approximate local and velocity-dependent equivalents

We show that good approximations to the exact equivalent local potential (ELP) and damping factor of a nonlocal Perey-Buck potential can be calculated in the partial wave WKB approximation of Horiuchi. The exact ELP and damping factor are obtained by means of a method previously given by one of us. We also confirm that an approximate ELP proposed by Bauhoff et al. is of comparable accuracy as the Horiuchi approximation. Thesel-dependent ELP's exhibit reduced attraction in the interior and provide a test for higher order WKB approximations. We subsequently obtain an equivalent velocity dependent potential (EVDP) which is even exactly wave function equivalent to the original nonlocal potential. This almost local potential, unlike the trivial equivalent local potential, is smooth and well-behaved and is therefore particularly useful in nuclear reactions where the off-shell behaviour of the potential is important.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

Spin and Statistics and First Principles

It was shown in the early seventies that, in Local Quantum Theory (that is the most general formulation of Quantum Field Theory, if we leave out only the unknown scenario of Quantum Gravity) the notion of Statistics can be grounded solely on the local observable quantities (without assuming neither the commutation relations nor even the existence of unobservable charged field operators); one finds that only the well known (para)statistics of Bose/Fermi type are allowed by the key principle of local commutativity of observables. In this frame it was possible to formulate and prove the Spin and Statistics Theorem purely on the basis of First Principles.