气垫导轨拓展实验

在气垫导轨上研究了变质量物体在变力作用下的运动规律.利用在滑块上放置载水装置实现质量的减少,通过质量均匀的刚性绳改变作用在滑块上的力,有固定在导轨上的4个光电门获得滑块的位移及速度.本实验结果与理论推导符合较好.     

走向统一的自然力天上力与地上力的统一(Ⅱ)

 地上运动,主要是物体的运动,例如,人抛物、马拉车、石下落、弦振动等.现在我们知道,人抛物的力、马拉车的力、绳子和弦的张力等,都是分子间力,也就是有效电磁力,只有导致物体垂直下落的地心吸引力才是我们所要讨论的与天上力对应的地上力,因此,本节主要讨论与物体垂直下落有关的自由落体运动和平抛运动.     

在气轨上测定空气粘滞系数

在大学物理实验教学中，利用气垫导轨的测量大都忽略了滑块的运动阻力．但事实上，滑块运动过程中受到的阻力往往会给结果带来较大误差．这其中最主要的是空气粘滞阻力．本文从这一事实出发，通过求解滑块的运动方程，推导出测量空气粘滞系数7的实验公式．测量装置如图所示，将气轨的一端垫高h，令滑块从人端自由下滑．滑块在运动过程中除了受到下滑力mgsino作用外，还要受到阻力的作用，假定其大小为则滑块的运动方程为由此可得其中t—0时，v—v。，q—a／。v。、v分别为沿块通过两光电门时的速度，t为滑块经过两光电门之间的距离所用的时…     

又一个形式的趋稳运动

在有关教材中讨论过物体下落这类运动.如图1所示,物体受到动力F和阻力f,F不变(在下落运动中F=mg),f与速度v成正比,f=kv是变力.     

对变加速系统力学规律的实验研究

在普物实验中,气轨上通常研究的是恒力作用下的匀加速运动,学生对变力情况下的力学规律的研究一般仅限于理论探讨的范畴。笔者通过在气垫导轨上增加一个支板作为附件,利用它达到改变作用于滑块上力的方向的目的,使对恒力作用下的匀加速系统力学规律的研究转化为变力作用下的变加速系统力学规律的研究.     

在气轨上作相互垂直运动物体的完全非弹性碰撞实验

在气轨上作相互垂直运动物体的完全非弹性碰撞实验吴柳庭（天津职业大学天津３００４０２）气轨本是研究一维运动的实验设备，现在借助于自己设计的光控电路，可作到控制气轨正上方的电磁铁，使被电磁铁吸引的重物能在任意时刻自由下落，与水平运动的气轨滑块发生完全非弹...     

测定滑块阻尼系数的一种方法

滑块在气垫导轨上运动要受到滑块与导轨间空气层粘滞阻尼力的作用。在滑块运动速度不太大的情况下,阻尼力f_μ和滑块的运动速度成正比,即     

基于多物理场的TFC磁头热传导机理及其影响因素仿真研究

为了利用微尺度热效应的热致飞高控制(TFC)磁头技术实现磁头飞行高度的精确控制,分析了工作状态下TFC滑块在多物理场综合作用下所呈现出来的传热特性及其主要影响因素,考虑了磁头磁盘间超薄气膜的稀薄效应,建立滑块导热、空气轴承表面传热、气膜流动等模型,利用有限元法,对磁头热变形作用机理及热传导特性对滑块动力学特性影响进行了仿真研究,结果表明,建立的传热模型及对雷诺方程的修正适用于求解磁头磁盘界面气膜传热问题和磁头滑块的动力学问题;影响滑块热力学性能的因素主要可以归结为加热器高度、热生成率以及材料的传热系数;空气轴承力及工作表面热变形的双重作用决定了滑块飞行高度的改变.仿真结果为磁头滑块加热器的设计及空气轴承动力学特性分析提供了依据.     

堆积链条下落过程中的机械能分析

利用动量定理可计算出链条堆在下落过程中的速度,结果表明在这个下落过程中链条的机械能不守恒。链条堆下落的一个重要特点就是下落部分会带动静止部分一起运动。本文认为正是这个特点,链条堆在下落过程中会有机械能损失,机械能不守恒。并利用运动物体带动静止物体一起运动的牵引模型,分析了在此下落过程中机械能损失的机制。利用这种损失机制,计算得到链条在整个下落过程中的能量损失。计算结果与利用动量定理算得的能量损失一致。     

利用Tracker研究气垫导轨上弹簧振子运动

文章利用Tracker软件的自动追踪功能,对气垫导轨上弹簧振子的运动进行分析,得到滑块运动的数据及图像。在考虑弹簧质量的情况下,利用Tracker软件捕捉到的数据,定量地分析不同时段系统的机械能,验证在短时间段内弹簧振子系统的机械能守恒。在系统长时间的运动过程中,考虑系统中的能量损失,在Tracker分析得到滑块运动的v-t图形的基础上使用软件自带的拟合功能,对长时间段内滑块运动图像进行函数拟合,进而分析计算出气垫导轨上弹簧振子做阻尼振动的阻尼系数。     

Effects of non-flat contact and interference on self-assembled monolayers under sliding friction

The nanotribology mechanism of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAM) chemisorbed on a gold surface under a non-flat contact by a tilt plane was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The molecular trajectories, tilt angles, normal forces, shear forces, and frictional coefficient of the SAM were evaluated during the friction and relaxation processes for various parameters, including the tilt angle of the slider, interference magnitude, and SAM length. At the nanoscale, the magnitude of interface interactional forces is strongly dependent on the magnitude of the contact area, not on the surface geometry. The contact area and the exerted normal force of the SAM increase with decreasing the tilt angle of the slider at the same contact interference. In contrast, the periods in both normal force and shear force are gradually delayed as the tilt angle of the slider increases. Once the contact interference increases, the normal force and shear force increase together. During the sliding friction process with a smaller tilt slider angle, SAM molecules can maintain a better collective ordered structure. Short SAM molecules are more sensitive to a compressive loading and react to a larger normal force under the same contact interference due to the deformation of a larger tilt angle and decrease in chain length. The friction coefficient of SAM is significantly more dependent on the tilt angle of the slider than the contact interference.     

A study on the friction of a self-correction ultrasonic stepping motor

An experiment has been carried out to investigate the self-correction function of a self-correction ultrasonic stepping motor. When a slider (rotor) is placed on a vibrating beam (stator), it will stay at a stable equilibrium position. If the slider is slightly moved off the equilibrium position, a restoring force will urge the slider back towards its equilibrium position. The experimental result shows that the position of the maximum restoring force on the slider differs from that predicted by using the linear theory. Study found that when a quadratic form is assumed for the dynamic friction coefficient, the theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement.     

Elastic friction drive of surface acoustic wave motor

Importance of elastic deformation control to obtain large output force with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) motor is discussed in this paper. By adding pre-load to slider, stator and slider surfaces are deformed in a few tens nanometer. Appropriate deformation in normal direction against normal vibration displacement amplitude of SAW existed. By moderate deformation, the output force of the SAW motor was enlarged up to about 10 N and no-load speed was 0.7 m/s. To produce this performance, the transducer weight and slider size were only 4.2 g and 4 x 4 mm(2).By traveling wave propagation, surface particles of the SAW device move in elliptical motion. Due to the amplitude of the elliptical motion is 10 or 20 nm order, the contact condition of the slider is very critical. To control the contact condition, namely, the elastic deformation of the slider and stator surface in nanometer order, a lot of projections were fabricated on the slider surface. The projection diameter was 20 micro m. In static condition, the elastic deformation and stress were evaluated with the FEM analysis. From this calculation and the simulation result, it is consider that the wave crest is distorted, hence the elasticity has influence on the friction drive condition.Elastic deformation of the stator surface beneath the projection from the initial position were evaluated. In 4 x 4 mm(2) square area, the sliders had from 1089 to 23,409 projections. Depression was independent to the contact pressure. However, the output force depended on the depression although the projection density were different. From the view point of the output power of the motor, the proper depression was independent to the projection density. Around 25 nm depression, the output force and output power were maximized. This depression value was almost same as the vibration displacement amplitude of the stator transducer.     

Instrumentation of STM and AFM combined with transmission electron microscope

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) combined with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a powerful tool for direct investigation of structures, electronic properties, and interactions at the atomic scale. Here, we report on two different designs of such TEM-STM as well as an extension with an atomic force microscope (TEM-AFM). In the first TEM-STM design, a stepper motor, combined with a one-dimensional inertial slider, was used to perform the coarse approach. The advantage of this design was the strong pulling force that enabled notched metallic wires to be broken inside the TEM, which lead to clean sample surfaces. A second design, with a three-dimensional inertial slider, allowed lateral motion inside the TEM, which simplified the adjustment of tip location on the sample. By replacing the STM tip with a standard AFM-cantilever chip, a new combination was demonstrated: TEM-AFM. Here the force was simply measured by direct TEM imaging of the motion of the AFM tip. Some experimental results are included to illustrate the capabilities of TEM-STM and TEM-AFM.     

Dynamic instability of flying head slider and stabilizing design for near-contact magnetic recording

The dynamic instability of a flying head slider is described, and a design guideline is presented for a slider that can stably fly at a height of less than 5 nm. The current use of shrouded Rayleigh step-bearing slider has been a good way to increase air-bearing stiffness and damping while reducing meniscus adhesion and friction forces, but does not have enough ability to achieve a small flying height less than 5 nm. On the basis of meniscus interfacial force theory, I proposed a spherical pad slider that is inherently stable in the near-contact regime and that has high durability against intermittent contact, which is necessary for future high-density magnetic recording. This design concept is being partly realized by thermal flying height control technique.     

摩擦力演示装置

为了辅助摩擦力的教学,自制了摩擦力演示装置,通过模拟电路与数字电路的转换可以直接显示出滑块与传送带间的摩擦力.该装置不仅可以探究静摩擦力和滑动摩擦力,而且还可直观地显示出物体间摩擦力的渐变过程.     

Optimum contact conditions for miniaturized surface acoustic wave linear motor

This paper reports the successful operation of a 70 MHz driving surface acoustic wave (SAW) linear motor with a miniaturized stator transducer. This paper also deals with an investigation into an optimized slider design for the miniaturized SAW linear motor. The performance of three silicon type sliders, with different projection size, was compared. Output forces of the three sliders were measured with change of pre-load. It was found that the slider with smaller projection tended to produce greater output force.     

Translocation of closed polymers through a nanopore under an applied external field

The dynamic behaviours of the translocations of closed circular polymers and closed knotted polymers through a nanopore, under the driving of an applied field, are studied by three-dimensional Langevin dynamics simulations. The power-law scaling of the translocation time τ with the chain length N and the distribution of translocation time are investigated separately. For closed circular polymers, a crossover scaling of translocation time with chain length is found to be τ～ N α , with the exponent α varying from α = 0.71 for relatively short chains to α = 1.29 for longer chains under driving force F = 5. The scaling behaviour for longer chains is in good agreement with experimental results, in which the exponent α = 1.27 for the translocation of double-strand DNA. The distribution of translocation time D(τ) is close to a Gaussian function for duration time τ < τ p and follows a falling exponential function for duration time τ > τ p . For closed knotted polymers, the scaling exponent α is 1.27 for small field force (F = 5) and 1.38 for large field force (F = 10). The distribution of translocation time D(τ) remarkably features two peaks appearing in the case of large driving force. The interesting result of multiple peaks can conduce to the understanding of the influence of the number of strands of polymers in the pore at the same time on translocation dynamic process and scaling property.     

Kink plateau dynamics in finite-size lubricant chains

We extend the study of velocity quantization phenomena recently found in the classical motion of an idealized 1D model solid lubricant - consisting of a harmonic chain interposed between two periodic sliding potentials [A. Vanossi, M. Manini, G. Divitini, G.E. Santoro, E. Tosatti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 056101]. This quantization is due to one slider rigidly dragging the commensurate lattice of kinks that the chain forms with the other slider. In this follow-up work we consider finite-size chains rather than infinite chains. The finite-size (i) permits the development of robust velocity plateaus as a function of the lubricant stiffness, and (ii) allows an overall chain length re-adjustment which spontaneously promotes single-particle periodic oscillations. These periodic oscillations replace the quasi-periodic motion produced by general incommensurate periods of the sliders and the lubricant in the infinite-size model. Possible consequences of these results for some real systems are discussed.