反相液相色谱在蛋白质及多肽分离分析中的应用

反相液相色谱是一种以疏水作用为基础的色谱分离模式。由于它具有分辨率高、重复性好、回收率高等优点,在蛋白质及多肽的分离分析中得到了极为广泛的应用。本文简要介绍了反相液相色谱及其分离机理,对其在蛋白质和多肽研究中的应用如分离纯化、肽图分析、酶活测定、构象变化检测及疏水作用研究等作系统综述,并展望了反相液相色谱在这一领域的发展前景。     

唑来膦酸及其有关化合物的反相离子对高效液相色谱分离

采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法研究了唑来膦酸及其有关化合物的色谱分析与分离方法。优化的分离条件：以Hypersil C8柱为固定相,以甲醇-5 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠缓冲液(含6 mmol/L四丁基溴化铵溶液,用氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至7.0)(体积比为20∶80)为流动相,等度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长为220 nm,柱温为室温。在该色谱条件下,唑来膦酸与有关化合物(包括其合成过程中残余的原料咪唑乙酸和其他氧化分解产物)的分离良好,与保留时间最接近的杂质峰的分离度大于2.5。该方法不需进     

The Analysis of Insulin-Related Peptides by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

This paper describes the use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the rapid analysis and purification of insulin-related peptides prepared by solid-phase synthetic procedures. Examples include the bovine insulin C-peptide (34–45), the porcine insulin C-peptide (41–53) and the insulin B-chain fragment (22–27). Chromatographic elution systems containing reducing reagents like B-mercaptoethanol allow the direct analysis of insulin reduction products. Similar systems should allow the rapid analysis of disulphide bond pairing patterns in appropriate polypeptides and proteins either directly or following proteolytic digestion.

Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is a versatile and rapid technique useful for the analysis and purification of biological substances. In a series of recent publication^1–4 we have described methods for the analysis of underivatised amino acids, peptides and proteins on reversed-phase packings using ion-pairing or stationary phase modifying reagents as components of the mobile phase. These studies demonstrated that excellent resolution of closely related peptides can be achieved under a variety of elution conditions. The addition of low levels of phosphoric acid, inorganic or organic phosphates to a mobile phase (generally water-organic solvent mixtures), in particular, allows rapid and reproducible analysis of peptidic compounds with high sensitivity detection at wavelengths down to 190nm^5,6. It is the purpose of this report to show that these chromatographic conditions allow the facile analysis, and purification, of a variety of insulin-related peptides.     

Determination of Catecholamines by Capillary Electrophoresis and Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A method is proposed for the electrophoretic determination of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine with mass-spectrometric or UV detection. A procedure is proposed for the sample preparation of biological fluids with the use of solid-phase extraction on alumina. A comparative assessment of the determination of catecholamines by capillary electrophoresis and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was performed.     

A Novel Approach to Reversed-Phase Preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Peptides

Abstract

In this study, we describe a novel approach to preparative liquid chromatography which takes advantage of the different relative hydrophobicities of components of a sample mixture, so that when a column is optimally loaded with an aqueous solution of the sample mixture, there is competition among the sample components for the adsorption sites on the hydrophobic stationary phase. The more hydrophobic components compete more successfully for these sites than more hydrophilic components, which are displaced and immediately eluted from the column. Thus, the major separation takes place in water. Subsequent treatment with an aqueous organic modifier is only required to wash retained components off the column and takes no part in the major separation process. This approach was applied to the preparative purification of mixtures of closely-related peptides, representing the crude peptide mixtures typically obtained from solid-phase peptide synthesis. The excellent separation profiles and high yields of pure peptide products on analytical columns reported in this study demonstrate that this methodology has great potential for preparative separation of a major component from hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic impurities.     

柱前手性衍生化反相高效液相色谱法分离拉贝洛尔对映体

以乙酰葡萄糖异硫氰酸酯（GITC）作柱前手性衍生化试剂,用反相高效液相色谱法成功地分离了拉贝洛尔的两对对映异构体,并以荧光检测和紫外检测作对照,确认了4个衍生物的色谱峰。     

反相高效液相色谱法制备松果菊苷标准品

 利用反相制备高效液相色谱结合溶剂萃取、大孔吸附树脂柱色谱和葡聚糖凝胶LH 2 0柱色谱方法 ,从管花肉苁蓉的乙醇提取物中纯化制备了苯乙醇苷类化合物松果菊苷的标准品 ,纯度达到 98%以上。方法操作简便 ,重现性好 ,可用于松果菊苷及其他苯乙醇苷类化合物的大量制备。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定6种氟喹诺酮类药物

建立了一种反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定血浆中6种氟喹诺酮类药物(FQS)的方法。考察了6种FQS的保留值与流动相组成及pH值的关系, 优化了色谱条件及样品前处理方法。确定了以Chira Dex为色谱柱、乙腈-甲醇-Britton-Robinson缓冲液(体积比为73∶7∶20, pH 5.7)为流动相的最佳条件。该法用于血浆样品中FQS的测定,其回收率高于99.0%。该法简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定嘌呤、嘧啶类化合物

用反相高效液相色谱法同时分离和测定了胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、腺嘌呤、茶碱和咖啡因等５种结构相似的生物碱基。方法简便、快速,用于茶样中咖啡因的测定,标准加入回收率在９５．６９％～１０４．２０％之间。     

Influence of Mobile Phase Gradients on the Retention and Separation of Peptides from a Cytochrome-c Digest by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography

Eight new carbon adsorbents derived from polyimide copolymer of 4,4'-bis (maleimododiphenyl)methane and divinylbenzene (BM-DVB) were prepared using a variety of methods. The influence of carbonization, steam or phosphoric acid activation on chemical structure and texture of the carbons has been studied. Adsorption-desorption properties of the carbons were estimated based on recovery determinations for, phenol, its chlorinated derivatives and naphthalene from aqueous solution. The results showed that the best adsorption-desorption properties have polymer-based carbons obtained by high temperature steam activation.Revised: 13 February 2006 and 3 April 2006     

Separation of Multicomponent Mixture of Naphthalene Derivatives by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Separation of a mixture of naphthalene derivatives by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was studied. Chromatographic characteristics were calculated for nine compounds, including naphthalene.     

反相毛细管电色谱分离山酮类化合物

目前,毛细管电色谱（CEC）在中草药分析中显示出一些独特的优势,如：CEC流动相相对简单、用量少、峰容量大、更易与质谱（MS）联用。特别是植物提取物中活性成分复杂,需要对色谱峰进行精确的指认并控制峰纯度;采用CEC—MS方法可在线提供中药中各种化合物的质谱图。此外,有许多天然产物在中药中的含量极低,MS的高灵敏度可弥补紫外检测器灵敏度较低的缺陷。因此,研究CEC分离中药成分的选择性问题具有重要的实际意义。蝉翼藤（Securida cainappendiculata Hassk．）为远志科远志族蝉翼藤属攀援灌木,其根茎叶有多种药效,其化学成分主要为黄酮、山酮（XAN）和皂甙。从蝉翼藤中已分离出的10个XAN类成分（结构见图1）。具有显著的抗氧化和保护神经细胞作用。我们曾用毛细管区带电泳（CZE）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）、毛细管胶束电动色谱（MEKC）和毛细管微乳电动色谱（MEEKC）对这10个XAN进行分离,并就电泳条件的变化对分离选择性的影响进行系统研究。本文采用CEC法对这10个XAN成分进行分离,并对其色谱分离条件进行优化研究,以期为今后CEC与MS联用分析中药成分打下基础。     

对氨基苯胂酸及其氧化物的色谱研究

用紫外分光光度计分析了对氨基苯胂酸（PABAA）及其氧化物的光谱特征后,在十八烷基键合相硅胶柱上,以甲醇-缓冲液作流动相,研究了二者的容量因子随流动相离子强度、柱温、甲醇含量变化的规律。用季铵盐作离子对试剂,反相离子对色谱法分离PABAA时,分离机理符合高子对机理,在适当条件下,所试验的化合物都可有所保留。对保留值作出贡献的有固定相排阻作用、分配作用以及居次要地位的PABAA与固定相表面剩余硅醇基的相互作用。排阻作用及分配作用的相对重要性与流动相中甲醇和离子对试剂的浓度有关。     

A Rapid Isocratic Reversed-Phase Separation and Determination of Some Barbiturates by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the rapid separation and quantitative determination of five barbiturates in pharmaceutical preparations and body fluids has been developed. A C₁₈ reversed phase column was used and the barbiturates were detected at 235nm.

A number of eluting systems were examined, the most suitable of them being, Ethanol:Propanol:Methanol:Water (26:5:29:40) at pH = 8.8.     

Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Hemin-Based Peptides on a Sorbent Modified with Zinc 4,5-Carboxyphthalocyaninate

The chromatographic retention of some hemin-based peptides on the Diasphere-110-C₁₈ sorbent modified with zinc octa-4,5-carboxyphthalocyaninate was studied. It was demonstrated that this stationary phase is more selective for hemin-peptides than Nucleosil-C₁₈ and Silasorb-600. The conditions of the separation of mixtures of hemin-based peptides were determined, and the parameters of their chromatographic separation were calculated. It was shown that the retention parameters are related to the structure of hemin-based peptides.     

油脂中九种抗氧化剂的反相高效液相色谱法分离和测定

研究了油脂中９种酚类抗氧化剂的色谱保留行为,以甲醇－水－乙酸体系为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,可在３０ｍｉｎ内将九种物质完全分离并定量测定。测定的线性范围１￣２００ｍｇ／ｌ（ｒ＝０．９９８５￣０．９９９７）,检测限为２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,回收率为８２．４％￣９８．７％,ＲＳＤ为１．０１％￣４．７４％。     

Reversed-Phase Systems for the Separation of Coumarins and Furocoumarins by Thin-Layer and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

The retention behaviour of eleven derivatives of counarin was investigated by reversed-phase (RP) thin-layer and high performance liquid chromatography. The linear relationships between log k'or R_M values and the content of organic modifier in the aqueous mobile phase obtained for wide composition ranges indicate that the plots can be used to determine R_Mw and log k_w values by extrapolation to pure water. The effects of individual substituants on the retention and the correlation between TLC and HPLC data was analysed.