食品塑料包装中的有害物质

塑料在现代社会和生活中应用十分广泛。超市出售的食品多数都在使用塑料作包装物。但是经过检测发现过去作为塑料助剂而大量使用的化学物质有的能够致癌,有的属于“激素干扰物质”或环境激素。这些物质因挥发或迁移对食品产生污染,它们有很大的健康风险,对此应该采取严格措施禁止在食品包装中使用。     

Preparation of Hop Estrogen-Active Material for Production of Food Supplements

In recent years, the interest in the health-promoting effects of hop prenylflavonoids, especially its estrogenic effects, has grown. Unfortunately, one of the most potent phytoestrogens identified so far, 8-prenylnaringenin, is only a minor component of hops, so its isolation from hop materials for the production of estrogenically active food supplements has proved to be problematic. The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions (e.g., temperature, the length of the process and the amount of the catalyst) to produce 8-prenylnaringenin-rich material by the magnesium oxide-catalyzed thermal isomerization of desmethylxanthohumol. Under these optimized conditions, the yield of 8-prenylnaringenin was 29 mg per 100 gDW of product, corresponding to a >70% increase in its content relative to the starting material. This process may be applied in the production of functional foods or food supplements rich in 8-prenylnaringenin, which may then be utilized in therapeutic agents to help alleviate the symptoms of menopausal disorders.     

Investigation of the Declared Value of Selenium in Food Supplements by HG-AFS

The method of hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) was optimised for determination of selenium in food supplements. Due to the high and varied content of Cu, Mg and Zn in the samples, the standard addition method was found to be the most appropriate. The reliability of the method was checked by the independent method of radiochemical neutron activation analysis, and good agreement was found between the two methods. HG-AFS is simple and rapid for Se determination in food supplements based on minerals. Agreement between the selenium values found and declared was worse than 10% in 9 out of 13 supplements. Furthermore, 2 of the 14 supplements did not comply with the recommendations stated in the 27^th edition of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, which states that minerals and vitamins in food supplements should be in the range of 90 and 200% of the declared value.     

兴奋剂——禁用物质及禁用手段简介

近年来 ,随着各种兴奋剂案件在媒体中不断曝光 ,人们对兴奋剂一词已不再陌生 ,但很多报道往往只是对使用兴奋剂事件作相应描述 ,至于兴奋剂自身的相关内容则涉及较少 ,所以许多人对于“兴奋剂究竟是什么 ?具体包含哪些内容 ?”等方面的情况还不是很了解。本文以世界反兴奋剂机构 (WADA)最新公布的 2 0 0 3年“禁用物质和禁用手段举例名单”为依据 ,详细介绍兴奋剂的概念及相关内容。　　兴奋剂一词源于英文词dope ,指竞技运动员“使用任何形式的药物和以非正常量或通过不正常途径摄入生理物质 ,企图以人为或不正常的方式提高竞技能力”。…     

Environmentally Sustainable Achiral and Chiral Chromatographic Analysis of Amino Acids in Food Supplements

Two LC methods were developed for the achiral and chiral reversed-phase (RP) analysis of an amino acid (AA) pool in a food supplement, in compliance with the main paradigms of Green Chromatography. A direct achiral ion-pairing RP-HPLC method was optimized under gradient conditions with a water-ethanol (EtOH) eluent containing heptafluorobutyric acid (0.1%, v/v), to quantify the eight essential AAs (Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, and Val) contained in the food supplement. Thus, the usually employed acetonitrile was profitably substituted with the less toxic and more benign EtOH. The method was validated for Leu and Phe. The chiral LC method performed with a teicoplanin chiral stationary phase was developed with a water-EtOH (60:40, v/v) eluent with 0.1%, v/v acetic acid. The enantioselective analysis was carried out without any prior derivatization step. Both developed methods performed highly for all eight AAs and revealed that: (i) the content of six out of eight AAs was consistent with the manufacturer declaration; (ii) only L-AAs were present. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a two-dimensional achiral–chiral configuration is possible in practice, making it even more environmentally sustainable. A molecular modelling investigation revealed interesting insights into the enantiorecognition mechanism of Lys.     

Quantification of Arbutin in Cosmetics,Drugs and Food Supplements by Hydrophilic-Interaction Chromatography

Arbutin, the glucoside of hydroquinone, exists in two isomers, α-arbutin and β-arbutin. The synthetic α isomer is mainly used as a skin brightening agent, while β-arbutin occurs naturally, for instance in bearberry, and is used in drugs for treatment of lower urinary tract infections and as a food supplement. Since both isomers can be harmful at high concentrations, methods for their quantification are required. Classically they have been determined by reversed-phase chromatography, but separation of both isomers is often unsatisfactory. Here we present a simple and reliable method for quantification of α- and β-arbutin based on hydrophilic-interaction chromatography. Prior to analysis, interfering compounds that would frequently be present in cosmetics and drugs, particularly biopolymers, were efficiently removed by precipitation with acetonitrile. In this paper, for separation, a Cyclobond I 2000 5 µm 250 × 4.6 mm column was employed as stationary phase and acetonitrile/water 92/8 (v/v) was used as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min⁻¹. For quantification, a UV detector operating at 284 nm was applied. Although analysis took less than 10 min, baseline separation of α- and β-arbutin was achieved. The response was highly linear (r > 0.999) and the method had, for both α- and β-arbutin, a LOD of 0.003% (w/w) and a LOQ of 0.009% (w/w). Moreover, the method showed excellent intra-day and inter-day repeatability with relative standard deviations in the range of 0.5% to 2.3% and 1.0% to 2.2%, respectively, with cosmetics, drugs and food supplements as samples.     

Efficacy of Biologically Active Food Supplements for People with Atherosclerotic Vascular Changes

The current paper deals with the development of a new biologically active food supplement (BAFS) aimed at treating atherosclerosis. Since atherosclerosis is considered to be a disease of aging, the composition of the supplement includes such essential minerals as magnesium and potassium, which are commonly used to prevent atherosclerosis, as well as vitamins C, E and the B-group vitamins in order to address the needs of the elderly. The authors outline the supplement-manufacturing technology and discuss the clinical trial undertaken by patients, aged about 60 years, with peripheral atherosclerosis. The research methodology focuses on studying the effectiveness of the developed supplement by assessing the influence of the active ingredients on treating metabolic disorders. To establish the efficacy of the supplement, blood tests, ultrasound and physical examinations were applied. The combination therapy resulted in improved metabolism and an overall better performance of the cardiovascular system; therefore, the BASF can be recommended as part of combination therapy to prevent and treat atherosclerotic and age-related changes in blood vessels.     

基于特征碎裂片段的葛根保健品中功效成分非定向筛查方法构建

通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS),采用数据依赖采集模式对葛根保健品中15种功效成分的标准品进行分析,建立相应的标准谱库;对功效成分的断裂机理进行研究,得到其特征碎裂片段,并以数据非依赖型采集模式快速筛查葛根保健品中已知和未知的功效成分。15种功效成分在相应质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99;不同加标水平下的回收率为83%～110%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%～8.6%。将该方法应用于实际样品分析,共筛查到16种功效成分,其中4种为所建标准谱库外的功效成分,表明所建方法可用于葛根保健品中功效成分的筛查。     

Stabilization of Natural Pigments in Ethanolic Solutions for Food Applications: The Case Study of Chlorella vulgaris

Chlorella vulgaris is a green microalga with a high chlorophyll content, representing a valuable source of green pigments for food applications. As the application of whole biomass can promote an unpleasant fish-like flavor, the use of chlorophyll extract can overcome this drawback. However, chlorophylls tend to easily degrade when out of the chloroplasts, decreasing their potential as a food ingredient. Thus, to study the suitable conditions for isolated chlorophylls preservation, in this work, the influence of temperature (4 to 60 °C), light (dark or 24 h photoperiod), alkaline conditions (with or without aqueous NaOH addition), and modified atmosphere (air or argon atmosphere) on the stability of the color in ethanolic solutions obtained from C. vulgaris were studied. The loss of green color with temperature followed the first-order kinetics, with an activation energy of 74 kJ/mol. Below 28 °C and dark conditions were suitable to preserve isolated chlorophylls. The addition of NaOH and an inert argon-rich atmosphere did not exhibit a statistically positive effect on color preservation. In the case study, cooked cold rice was colored to be used in sushi. The color remained stable for up to 3 days at 4 °C. Therefore, this work showed that C. vulgaris chlorophylls could be preserved in ethanolic solutions at room or lower temperatures when protected from light, allowing them to obtain a suitable natural food ingredient to color foodstuffs.     

From Fish Waste to Value: An Overview of the Sustainable Recovery of Omega-3 for Food Supplements

The disposal of food waste is a current and pressing issue, urging novel solutions to implement sustainable waste management practices. Fish leftovers and their processing byproducts represent a significant portion of the original fish, and their disposal has a high environmental and economic impact. The utilization of waste as raw materials for the production of different classes of biofuels and high-value chemicals, a concept known as “biorefinery”, is gaining interest in a vision of circular economy and zero waste policies. In this context, an interesting route of valorization is the extraction of omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) for nutraceutical application. These fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have received attention over the last decades due to their beneficial effects on human health. Their sustainable production is a key process for matching the increased market demand while reducing the pressure on marine ecosystems and lowering the impact of waste production. The high resale value of the products makes this waste a powerful tool that simultaneously protects the environment and benefits the global economy. This review aims to provide a complete overview of the sustainable exploitation of fish waste to recover ω-3 FAs for food supplement applications, covering composition, storage, and processing of the raw material.     

The Influence of the Structure of Pectin Substances of Flax Fodder Supplements on Absorption Binding of Azaheterocyclic Mycotoxins

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The article presents a comprehensive approach to the investigation of the features of the chemical and supramolecular structure of pectin substances from...     

ATR-FTIR-MIR Spectrometry and Pattern Recognition of Bioactive Volatiles in Oily versus Microencapsulated Food Supplements: Authenticity,Quality, and Stability

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on the middle infrared region (ATR-FTIR-MIR) proved to be a convenient and reliable technique to evaluate foods’ quality and authenticity. Plants’ essential oils are bioactive mixtures used as such or in different oily or microencapsulated formulations, beneficial to human health. Six essential oils (thyme, oregano, juniperus, tea tree, clove, and cinnamon) were introduced in three oily formulations (Biomicin, Biomicin Forte, and Biomicin urinary) and these formulations were microencapsulated on fructose and maltodextrin matrices. To study their stability, the microencapsulated powders were kept under light irradiation for 14 days at 25 °C or introduced in biopolymer capsules. All variants were analysed by ATR-FTIR-MIR, recording wavenumbers and peak intensities (3600–650 cm⁻¹). The data were processed by Unscrambler and Metaboanalyst software, with specific algorithms (PCA, PLSDA, heatmaps, and random forest analysis). The results demonstrated that ATR-FTIR-MIR can be successfully applied for fingerprinting and finding essential oil biomarkers as well as to recognize this pattern in final microencapsulated food supplements. This study offers an improved ATR-FTIR-MIR procedure coupled with an adequate chemometric analysis and accurate data interpretation, to be applied for the evaluation of authenticity, quality, traceability, and stability during storage of essential oils incorporated in different matrices.     

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Four Flavonols in Food Supplements and Pharmaceutical Formulations

A method using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) as a powerful separation technique has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the four flavonols rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in food supplements and pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic separation was achieved in 36?min using a Symmetry C₁₈ column (250?×?3?mm; 5?µm) as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile, and pH 2.5 aqueous acetic acid as the mobile phase in gradient elution mode. The analytical wavelengths were 256?nm for rutin, quercetin and isorhamnetin, and 368?nm for kaempferol. An ultrasound-assisted extraction protocol was performed using methanol as solvent. The detection and quantification limits were lower than 0.03?µg mL^?1 and 0.08?µg mL^?1, respectively. The inter-day and intra-day precisions were less than 4.8 and 5.1%, respectively, and the average recoveries were in the range from 96 to 107%. The method was applied for the determination of the studied flavonols in food supplements and pharmaceutical preparations. The satisfactory recovery values demonstrate the potential of the developed method for the determination of the analytes in these samples. In addition, the method is suitable for routine quality control due its ease of operation.     

兴奋剂与兴奋剂检测研究进展

滥用兴奋剂会遭受国际奥委会的严厉处罚 ,但仍有不少运动员为冠军及奖牌所带来的巨大利益所诱惑 ,铤而走险 ,不惜以各种方式滥用兴奋剂 ,所以兴奋剂及其检测是体育界乃至全社会关注的问题。本文主要就兴奋剂、兴奋剂检测的概念以及该领域国内外的最新研究动态和发展方向进行介绍 ,并着重探讨肽类激素rhEPO、rhGH的研究方法和对不同检测基质 (尿样、发样、血样、体液 )的检测进展     

Quality of Fish-Oil-Based Dietary Supplements Available on the Italian Market: A Preliminary Study

The global market of food supplements is growing rapidly with a large turnover. Fish oil supplements represent a significant part of this turnover as they are believed to have important health benefits. Conversely, there are few papers in the literature about the quality control of fish oil capsules. As prior studies illustrate, a perfect agreement with the label is rarely found, and in some isolated cases, large amounts of soybean oil are also detected, indicating a true adulteration rather than a non-compliance with the label. None of the available studies refer to the Italian market, which ranks first in Europe in the consumption of food supplements. In this present communication, a quality control of fish-oil-based supplements from the Italian market was carried out for the first time. With minor deviations, all results showed substantial agreement with the label. However, the most important conclusion from this research is that compliance with the label is not enough to judge a product of good quality. The analysis of the overall fatty acid composition showed that some supplements have a high level of saturated fatty acids, and therefore they did not undergo a proper purification process. This may represent a safety issue since the purification process also allows the removal of toxic contaminants.     

食品接触用再生塑料的非有意添加物和鉴别技术研究进展

随着塑料废弃物导致的环境污染加重,塑料的回收利用备受关注。食品接触用再生塑料逐渐成为关注的重点,再生塑料中非有意添加物的安全性是将其用作食品接触材料的关键所在。为了避免不合规的再生塑料流入食品接触材料市场,危害消费者的健康安全,再生塑料的鉴别技术显得非常重要。该文首先对再生塑料中非有意添加物的研究进行总结,并重点概述了国内外对原生和再生塑料的鉴别技术,如质谱技术、光谱技术和热分析技术;近年来化学计量学方法也逐渐被用于再生塑料鉴别领域,提高了再生塑料的鉴别效率和准确率。     

掺铜二氧化钛光催化剂的XPS研究

利用浸渍法制备了铜掺杂的二氧化钛，以乙酸为模型物研究了催化剂的光催化活性，利用XPS结果对改性后的催化剂进行了分析.结果表明，改性后的催化剂表面吸附氧的提高和Cu＋/Cu2＋的共存有利于光生载流子的分离和界面电子转移，因而改善了催化剂的光催化性能.     

XPS研究聚苯胺的竞争掺杂行为

采用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）方法对不同反应体系下化学合成的聚苯胺（PANI）的结构和掺杂状况进行了研究。发现盐酸（HCl）掺杂的聚苯胺在样品后处理过程中易发生脱掺杂行为;在十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和盐酸共存体系下合成聚苯胺时,对阴离子DBS-和Cl-发生竞争掺杂行为。结果表明DBS-与带正电荷聚苯胺链结合,起到了掺杂和诱导聚苯胺可溶性的作用,它的N1s和S2p谱图与单独采用十二烷基苯磺酸（DBSA）掺杂聚苯胺的谱图相似。但SDBS-HCl复合体系比单独采用DBSA体系更为有利。     

聚苯胺的质子酸掺杂机制的研究

木文用FT-IR、ESR、XPS等研究了聚苯胺的质子酸掺杂机制。结果表明聚苯胺掺杂时的质子化反应优先发生在分子链中的醌亚胺结构单元的氮原子上,并产生了分子内氧化还原反应而形成阳离子自由基。质子所带的电荷由于共轭作用能较好地离域到邻近苯环及对位氮原子上。