普通高中课程标准实验教科书选修模块《化学反应原理》教材内容组织分析

以课程改革的理念和新课程观为指导,从教材内容体系、组织取向、组织策略和呈现方式等方面对普通高中课程标准实验教科书选修模块《化学反应原理》(山东科学技术出版社出版)的内容组织进行分析,希望能对广大中学化学教师理解该选修模块教材有所帮助.     

铁及其化合物专题复习教学设计

1指导思想和理论依据以《北京市普通高中新课程化学学科教学指导意见》为参考,根据课程标准所确定的"课程强调学生的主体性",要"有助于学生主动构建自身发展所需的化学基础知识和基本技能"的课程性质,本节课的教学设计主要体现2方面的思考。     

高中化学选修课程的实施现状与改进策略

在列举国家、省市、地方到学校等不同层面有关高中化学选修课程选学建议、实施方案、变通意见和无奈实践,分析其存在问题及原因的基础上,从课程制定者、教材编写者、课程领导者和课程评价者等角度进行了思考,并提出了若干实践操作的改进策略.     

高中化学课程模块设置的反思及建议

结合普通高中新课程化学学科模块教学的实际情况,分析了现行化学学科模块教学体系中知识体系松散、实验教学弱化以及教科书繁多等主要问题和不足,提出了必修模块重学科基础及知识体系、选修模块重个人爱好和专业发展等改进和优化高中化学学科模块体系的若干建议。     

高中化学选修模块教学的衔接策略

在研读课程标准和教学实践的基础上,对高中化学选修模块的衔接教学进行了深入探讨,系统归纳了必修与选修模块间的衔接框架图,分析了必修与选修、初高中、选修模块内和选修模块间等4条衔接线,提出了依据课程结构把握衔接脉络、依据教材内在逻辑设计教学和依据教学目标落实综合评价等全方位的衔接教学思路与策略。     

《有机化学基础》选修模块教学设计案例——“碳原子的成键方式”

《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》颁布以后《, 有机化学基础》作为高中化学科目的一个选修模块单独设置,保证了学生学习该学科的系统性和完整性,进而为学生提高自身科学素养提供了保障。     

尊重学生的认知规律 因材施教

《普通高中化学课程标准实验教科书（山东科技版）》必修和选修8个模块教材已全部出版。为了收集各方面的意见和建议,该套教材编写组在全国部分城市和地区进行了试教工作。我校化学组承接了《化学与生活》、《物质结构与性质》、《化学反应原理》3个选修模块中的部分章节的试教课题,本人选择的是《物质结构与性质》第3章中的第1节“认识晶体”的教学课题。     

对人教版《化学反应原理》教科书中一些习题及答案的商榷

在教学过程中我们发现,人民教育出版社2007年2月第3版普通高中课程标准实验教科书<化学选修4化学反应原理>及其配套教师教学用书上一些习题和参考答案有错误,因此提出分析与教材编写者商榷,并供使用此选修模块的师生参考.     

充分利用《化学与生活》模块的活动性栏目转变学生学习方式的一些尝试

《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》明确指出“转变学生的学习方式是课程改革的基本要求。教师要更新教学观念,在教学中引导学生进行自主学习、探究学习和合作学习,帮助学生形成终身学习的意识和能力。”针对《化学与生活》选修模块中“活动.探究”、“动手空间”、“角色扮演”、“学以致用”等活动性栏目功能和特点的不同,在教学中采取了不同的教学策略,促进了学生的自主学习、探究学习及合作学习。     

英国CIE A-level化学教材与人教版高中化学教材中“有机化学”模块的比较研究

以中英2国高中化学教材中的有机化学模块为切入点，对英国CIE A-level化学教材与人教版高中《化学2（必修）》及《有机化学基础（选修5）》在该模块中的课程标准、结构体系、内容选取及组织呈现、栏目设计、典型知识点的编排等方面进行比较，分析英国CIE A-level化学教材的特色和优势。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。