L-色氨酸在金纳米粒子修饰电极上的电化学行为及其分析研究

制备了金纳米粒子修饰玻碳电极(Au/GCE),用循环伏安法研究L-色氨酸(L-Trp)在修饰电极上的电化学行为,以及支持电解质、溶液p H、扫描速率等对L-Trp伏安响应的影响。实验表明:在p H=3.5的HAcNa Ac支持电解质中,L-Trp在Au/GCE上有一灵敏的氧化峰(Epa=0.93)。氧化峰电流与L-Trp浓度在5.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9990,检出限1.6×10-7mol·L-1。测得L-Trp样品平均回收率为98%。     

碳纳米管负载钴/铁混合氧化物修饰电极碱性条件下测定葡萄糖

以碳纳米管为模板,采用电化学方法制备了碳纳米管负载的钴/铁混合氧化物修饰电极,并研究了该修饰电极在碱性介质中对葡萄糖的电催化活性。结果表明,该修饰电极对葡萄糖具有良好的电催化氧化活性。在优化条件下,安培法检测葡萄糖的线性范围为2.0×10-7~4.2×10-5mol·L-1和4.2×10-5~4.9×10-4mol·L-1,检出限(3sb,n=7)为5.0×10-8mol·L-1,灵敏度分别为242.7μA·(mmol·L-1)-1和114.8μA·(mmol·L-1)-1,响应时间小于5 s。     

6-羟基烟酸修饰电极的制备及应用研究

采用循环伏安法制备了6-羟基烟酸膜修饰炭糊电极(6-HNC/CPE),研究了多巴胺(DA)和肾上腺素(EP)在该修饰电极的电化学行为,结果表明该修饰电极对DA及EP具有明显的电催化效果。其电化学信号与DA的浓度在9.52×10-7~7.28×10-5mol·L-1和8.67×10-5~3.72×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。检出限为1.9×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3),氧化峰电流与EP的浓度在1.74×10-6~4.41×10-5mol·L-1和5.58×10-5~1.01×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。检出限为3.6×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3),利用差示脉冲伏安法(DPV),研究DA,UA和Trp的混合溶液电催化效果,结果该发现三者氧化峰电位在6-HNC/CPE上的能够完全分开,该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可用于三者的选择性测定及实际样品中DA含量的测定。     

聚多巴胺-纳米金修饰玻碳电极检测芦丁

采用一锅法制备聚多巴胺-纳米金修饰玻碳电极(PDA-AuNPs/GCE),用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对修饰电极进行表面形貌分析,并研究芦丁在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验表明,PDA-AuNPs/GCE对芦丁有较好的电催化氧化性能,芦丁的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内成线性关系,检测下限为2.3×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3)。该修饰电极可用于复方芦丁片中芦丁含量的检测,效果良好。     

对苯二酚在掺Cu(Ⅱ)类普鲁士蓝膜修饰电极上的电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安法在普鲁士蓝膜中掺杂Cu2+,制得掺Cu(Ⅱ)类普鲁士蓝膜(Cu-PB膜)。利用循环伏安法、库仑分析法和电化学阻抗法对Cu-PB膜进行电化学表征,结果显示Cu2+进入普鲁士蓝的内部结构,取代了其中的高自旋铁。该Cu(Ⅱ)类普鲁士蓝膜对对苯二酚具有明显的电催化作用,电极反应过程是扩散控制的准可逆过程,在5.0×10-5~1.0×10-3mol.L-1范围内,还原峰电流与对苯二酚浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-6mol.L-1。计算了对苯二酚在Cu-PB膜修饰电极上电极过程的动力学参数。     

美洛昔康在乙炔黑与离子液体复合修饰碳糊电极上的电化学性质及电分析方法

运用电化学方法研究了美洛昔康(Meloxicam,MLX)在乙炔黑(Acetylene black,AB)与离子液体(1-苄基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐,[Bn MIM]PF6)复合修饰碳糊电极(AB-[Bn MIM]PF6/CPE)上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,AB-[Bn MIM]PF6/CPE对MLX电化学氧化具有良好的促进作用。测定了MLX在此电极上的电极反应动力学参数,用SWV法测得MLX氧化峰电流与其浓度在6.0×10-7~1.0×10-5mol·L-1及1.0×10-5~1.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好线性关系,线性拟合方程分别为Ip(μA)=7.607+1 608 C(mmol·L-1),r=0.993 4和Ip(μA)=20.68+267.6 C(mmol·L-1),r=0.997 9,检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为2.2×10-8mol·L-1。同时运用该方法对市售片剂中MLX含量进行了电化学测定,RSD为1.2%~3.0%,加标回收率为96.2%~100.1%。     

2,4-二硝基苯酚在类普鲁士蓝修饰电极上的电化学行为及分析应用研究

利用电化学沉积法制备了稀土铕(Ⅲ)离子掺杂的类普鲁士蓝化学修饰电极(Eu-PB/GC/CME),采用循环伏安法(CV)和示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了该修饰电极上2,4二-硝基苯酚的电化学行为。结果表明,该修饰电极与裸电极相比能显著提高2,4二-硝基苯酚的还原峰电流,还原电位降低53 mV,线性范围明显增宽。还讨论了支持电解质种类、酸度、修饰层厚度和扫速等因素对2,4二-硝基苯酚伏安响应的影响。在优化的实验条件下,2,4二-硝基苯酚的示差脉冲峰电流(Epc=-341 mV)与浓度在2.0×10-5~2.0×10-3mol/L和2.0×10-7~8.0×10-6mol/L范围内分别呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为ipc(μA)=9.821×104c(mol/L) 22.142(r=0.9992,n=10)和ipc(μA)=4.2025×105c(mol/L) 0.3720(r=0.9967,n=8),检出限(3σ)为6.0×10-8mol/L。该电极用于模拟废水样中2,4二-硝基苯酚的测定,回收率为97.3%~103.0%,结果令人满意。     

普鲁士兰修饰碳黑微电极同时微分伏安法测定多巴胺和坑坏血酸

将含有1.0%普鲁士蓝的碳黑与固体石蜡按2.5∶1(质量比)混合后装入φ0.2mm的石英毛细管中,在其上端插入一铂丝并抛光后即制成普鲁士蓝修饰碳黑微电极.对多巴胺(DA)及抗坏血酸(VC)在此电极上的电化学行为及应用此电极测定两组分的最佳条件进行了研究,在定量测定中采用二次微分线性扫描伏安法.在最佳条件下,DA与VC的峰电流(i″p)分别与各自的浓度保持如下线性关系:DA为4.0×10-6～8.0×10-4mol·L-1,VC为6.0×10-5～1.0×10-3mol·L-1;检出限(3σ)依次为2.0×10-6mol·L-1及1.0×10-5mol·L-1.应用此方法分析了3种含DA及VC的混合溶液,测得结果的相对标准偏差(n=8)依次小于2.0%及3.0%,回收率范围依次为96.5%～101.0%及95.0%～102.5%.     

细胞色素c／L-半胱氨酸修饰金电极检测亚硝酸根

采用循环伏安法、交流阻抗法研究了组装在L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)修饰金电极上的细胞色素c(Cyt c)电化学行为;采用电化学方法以及紫外-可见光谱对电极进行表征.结果表明:通过静电吸附作用组装在L-Cys修饰金电极上的细胞色素c保持了良好的生物和电化学活性,用Cyt c/L-Cys修饰金电极检测亚硝酸根,响应电流与亚硝酸根浓度在5.0×10-6～4.5×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,线性回归方程为Ip=0.031 c 8.165×10-6,相关系数为0.999 5,检出限(S/N=3)为1.5×10-7mol·L-1.电极用于模拟样品及咸菜样品中亚硝酸根的测定,回收率为89.0%～116.0%.     

普鲁士蓝/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极测定维生素C

利用电化学方法在多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极表面聚合一层普鲁士蓝,制备普鲁士蓝/多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极,运用循环伏安法研究了维生素C(vc)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.该修饰电极对Vc显示出快速的电化学响应和较好的电催化活性,在pH为4.0的磷酸盐溶液中,Ve浓度与其氧化峰电流在8.0×10-4～1.0×10-2 mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9993,检测限为6.4×10-5mol/L.该电极具有较好的稳定性和重现性.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.