On the Existence of Focal Points near Closed Geodesics on Surfaces

We establish some criteria for the existence or nonexistence of focal points near closed geodesics on surfaces. These criteria are in terms of the curvature of the manifold along the closed geodesic and the average values of the partial derivatives of the curvature in the direction perpendicular to the geodesic. Our criteria lead to a new family of examples of surfaces with no focal points. We also show that if S is a compact surface with no focal points and an inequality relating the curvature of the surface to the curvature of the horocycles holds, then the horocycles (considered as curves in S) are uniformly C ^2+Lipschitz.     

Isotropic Tori,Complex Germ and Maslov Index,Normal Forms and Quasimodes of Multidimensional Spectral Problems

More than twenty years ago V. P. Maslov posed the question under what conditions it is possible to assign to invariant isotropic lower-dimensional tori of Hamiltonian systems sequences of asymptotic eigenvalues and eigenfunctions (spectral series) of the corresponding quantum mechanical and wave operators. In the present paper this question is answered in terms of the quadratic approximation to the theory of normal forms. We also discuss the quantization conditions for isotropic tori and their relation to topological, geometric, and dynamical characteristics (Maslov indices, rotation (winding) numbers, eigenvalues of dynamical flows, etc.).     

一个Maslov指标公式及应用

本文给出辛流形（Ｍ，ω）和（Ｍ，－ω）的乘积辛流形（Ｍ×Ｍ，ω⊕（－ω））中Ｌａ－ｇｒａｎｇｅ子流形ΔＭ：＝｛（ｘ，ｘ）｜ｘ∈Ｍ）的Ｍａｓｌｏｖ指标的计算公式，并讨论它的一些应用．     

Maslov Index and a Central Extension of the Symplectic Group

In this paper we show that over any field K of characteristic different from 2, the Maslov index gives rise to a 2-cocycle on the stable symplectic group with values in the Witt group. We also show that this cocycle admits a natural reduction to I ²(K) and that the induced natural homomorphism from K ₂ Sp(K)I ²(K) is indeed the homomorphism given by the symplectic symbol {x, y} mapping to the Pfister form 1, -x 1, –y.     

When Do Some Geodesics of the Induced and the Metrical Connection Coincide?

In affine differential geometry, three natural connections can be considered, namely the induced connection, the Levi Civita connection of the affine metric and the conjugate connection. Quadrics are characterized by the conditions that all the pre-geodesies with respect to one of these connections are also pre-geodesies with respect to the other two connections. In the present paper we describe 3-dimensional affine hypersurfaces for which some of the geodesies or pre-geodesies for the different connections coincide.     

The Relation of the Morse Index of Closed Geodesics with the Maslov-type Index of Symplectic Paths

In this paper, we consider the relation of the Morse index of a closed geodesic with the Maslov–type index of a path in a symplectic group. More precisely, for a closed geodesic c on a Riemannian manifold M with its linear Poincaré map P (a symplectic matrix), we construct a symplectic path γ(t) starting from identity I and ending at P, such that the Morse index of the closed geodesic c equals the Maslov–type index of γ. As an application of this result, we study the parity of the Morse index of any closed geodesic. Project 10071040 supported by NNSF, 200014 supported by Excellent. Ph.D. Funds of ME of China, and PMC Key Lab. of ME of China     

An extension of a theorem of Nicolaescu on spectral flow and the Maslov index

In this paper we extend a theorem of Nicolaescu on spectral flow and the Maslov index. We do this by studying the manifold of Lagrangian subspaces of a symplectic Hilbert space that are Fredholm with respect to a given Lagrangian . In particular, we consider the neighborhoods in this manifold of Lagrangians which intersect nontrivially.

     

Navier-Stokes方程对称破坏分歧点的谱Galerkin逼近[英文]

本文研究了Navier-Stokes方程对称破坏分歧点的谱Galerkin逼近问题，构造了定常Navier-Stokes方程对称破坏分歧点扩充系统及其谱Galerkin逼近扩充系统，证明了谱Galerkin逼扩充系统解的存在性和收敛性，从而给出了Navier-Stokes方程对称破坏分歧点的谱Galerkin逼近，并给出了逼近的误差估计。     

Bifurcation and invariant manifolds of the logistic competition model

In this paper, we study a new logistic competition model. We will investigate stability and bifurcation of the model. In particular, we compute the invariant manifolds, including the important centre manifolds, and study their bifurcation. Saddle-node and period-doubling bifurcation route to chaos are exhibited via numerical simulations.     

Connecting Geodesics and Security of Configurations in Compact Locally Symmetric Spaces

A pair of points in a Riemannian manifold makes a secure configuration if the totality of geodesics connecting them can be blocked by a finite set. The manifold is secure if every configuration is secure. We investigate the security of compact, locally symmetric spaces.     

The Bordered Operator and the Index,of a Constrained Critical Point

It is shown that the index of a constrained critical point in the isoperimetric calculus of variations is simply related to the number of negative eigenvalues of a certain bordered operator associated with the second variation. A conjugate point theory for this bordered operator is then established.     

扰动变分不等式和扰动相补问题研究的重合指数和不动点指数方法

本文首次利用重合指数和不动点指数方法研究具单值和多值扰动的变分不等式和相补问题解的存在性问题及其解指数理论．     

Spectral Flow in Fredholm Modules, Eta Invariants and the JLO Cocycle

We give a comprehensive account of an analytic approach to spectral flow along paths of self-adjoint Breuer–Fredholm operators in a type I or II von Neumann algebra N. The framework is that of odd unbounded-summable Breuer–Fredholm modules for a unital Banach *-algebra, A. In the type II case spectral flow is real-valued, has no topological definition as an intersection number and our formulae encompass all that is known. We borrow Ezra Getzlers idea (suggested by I. M. Singer) of considering spectral flow (and eta invariants) as the integral of a closed one-form on an affine space. Applications in both the types I and II cases include a general formula for the relative index of two projections, representing truncated eta functions as integrals of one forms and expressing spectral flow in terms of the JLO cocycle to give the pairing of the K-homology and K-theory of A.     

Extended Center Manifold, Global Bifurcation and Approximate Solutions of Chen chaotic dynamical system

The study of the chaotic Chen dynamic System (CDS) has been a recent focus in the literature, with numerous works exploring its various chaotic features. However, the majority of these studies have relied primarily on numerical techniques to investigate nonlinear dynamic systems (NLDSs). In this context, our aim is to derive approximate analytical solutions for the CDS by developing an iterative scheme. We have proven the convergence theorem for this scheme, which ensures that our iterative process will converge to the exact solution. Additionally, we introduce a new method for constructing the extended center manifold, a critical component in the analysis of dynamical systems. The characteristics of the global bifurcation of the system components within the parameter space are explored. The error analysis of the iterated solutions demonstrates the efficiency of the present technique. We present both three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) phase portraits of the system. The 3D portrait reveals a feedback loop pattern, while the 2D portrait, which represents the interaction of the system components, exhibits multiple pools and cross pools. Furthermore, we illustrate the global bifurcation by visualizing the components of the CDS against the space parameters. The sensitivity of CDS to innitesimal variations in the initial conditions (ICs) are tested. It is found that even minor changes can lead to signicant alterations in the system.     

Radial Index and Euler Obstruction of a 1-Form on a Singular Variety

A notion of the radial index of an isolated singular point of a 1-form on a singular (real or complex) variety is discussed. For the differential of a function it is related to the Euler characteristic of the Milnor fibre of the function. A connection between the radial index and the local Euler obstruction of a 1-form is described. This gives an expression for the local Euler obstruction of the differential of a function in terms of Euler characteristics of some Milnor fibres.Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000). 14B05, 32S60, 58A10*Partially supported by the DFG-programme “Global methods in complex geometry” (Eb 102/4–2), grants RFBR–04–01–00762, NSh–1972.2003.1     

Efficient Spectral Methods for Transmission Eigenvalues and Estimation of the Index of Refraction

An important step in estimating the index of refraction of electromagnetic scattering problems is to compute the associated transmission eigenvalue problem. We develop in this paper efficient and accurate spectral methods for computing the transmission eigenvalues associated to the electromagnetic scattering problems. We present ample numerical results to show that our methods are very effective for computing transmission eigenvalues (particularly for computing the smallest eigenvalue), and together with the linear sampling method, provide an efficient way to estimate the index of refraction of a non-absorbing inhomogeneous medium.     

Fixed Points,Continuous Selections,and Existence of Solution of Optimization-Related Problems

We propose a definition of a generalized type of Knaster–Kuratowski–Mazurkiewicz (KKM) mappings, called a weak T-KKM mapping, and a corresponding weak KKM property. A new extension of the Fan–Glicksberg fixed-point theorem is established. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a continuous selection, a fixed point of a composition, and a coincidence point are also provided. Then, we use the obtained results to study the existence of solutions to various optimization-related problems. Discussions and detailed examples are included as well to compare our results with existing ones and to explain their advantages in many situations.     

一类双面碰撞振子的对称性尖点分岔与混沌

讨论了一类单自由度双面碰撞振子的对称型周期n-2运动以及非对称型周期n-2运动．把映射不动点的分岔理论运用到该模型,并通过分析对称系统的Poincaré映射的对称性,证明了对称型周期运动只能发生音叉分岔．数值模拟表明:对称系统的对称型周期n-2运动,首先由一条对称周期轨道通过音叉分岔形成具有相同稳定性的两条反对称的周期轨道;随着参数的持续变化,两条反对称的周期轨道经历两个同步的周期倍化序列各自生成一个反对称的混沌吸引子．如果对称系统演变为非对称系统,非对称型周期n-2运动的分岔过程可用一个两参数开折的尖点分岔描述,音叉分岔将会演变为一支没有分岔的分支以及另外一个鞍结分岔的分支．