Belle实验发现新粲重子存在的迹象

粲重子是含有粲夸克的一类重子。粲重子存在很丰富的激发态,粲重子谱的研究对理解轻夸克在含重夸克系统中的动力学行为,以及检验重夸克对称性和轻夸克手征对称性具有重要意义。Λ_c⁺是质量最轻的粲重子,它是由一个粲夸克、一个上夸克和一个下夸克构成的同位旋单态。最近,日本的Belle实验利用在Υ(4S)中心质量采集的772×10⁶对■介子样本,对■衰变过程进行了研究,并在Σ_c(2455)⁰,⁺⁺π^±的不变质量谱上发现了一个新的共振结构。在考虑系统误差后,该共振结构最保守的信号显著性为4.2倍标准偏差。这意味着,该结构的形成源于统计涨落和各种系统误差的概率不足0.002%。Belle实验测得这个新结构的质量为(2913.8±5.6±3.8) MeV/c²,宽度为(51.8±20.0±18.8) MeV。虽然这个新结构的性质目前还不完全清楚,但它很符合新的Λ_c激发态的性质,暂时被命名为Λ_c     

β衰变对揭示弱作用本质的贡献(续)

 三、守恒矢量流理论与¹²B和¹²Bβ能谱形状的测量 新的疑难:g_V^β≈g_μ 实验上发现:β衰变中的矢量耦合常数g^Vβ不仅在所有超允许0⁺→0⁺跃迁中有惊人的相同,而且与μ衰变中费米型相互作用耦合常数g_μ也几乎一样,误差不超过1～2％,这种极好的一致,本来正是普适费米相互作用所要求的。但是,再进一步考虑,却出现了新的疑难,因为核子不同于μ子,它可以发射或吸收虚π介子,例如P←→P+π⁰←→n+π⁺←→P+π⁺+π^-←→……,因此在它的周围好象包着一层介子云。这层介子云对核子的β衰变必然要产生影响,那么为什么包着介子云的核子会与裸μ子有相同的弱作用呢?这显然是一个令人困惑的问题。     

Breit势的正规化与ηc-J/ψ的劈裂

研究自旋和轨道量子数不同的介子之间的质量劈裂对检验夸克势模型非常重要。 在以往的夸克势模型计算中,η_c-J/ψ的质量劈裂都很难达到实验的值。 用正规化形状因子μ2/(q2+μ2)， 在对完整的动量空间中的Breit夸克势实施一次正规化下研究了η_c-J/ψ和新介子ηb与Υ(1s)之间的质量劈裂。 结果表明， 正规化形状因子中的屏蔽质量μ应与介子折合质量有关， 当将其展开为介子折合质量的三阶多项式时， 上述介子质量劈裂可以精确重现实验的结果。另外， 由于完整的Breit势包含有自旋-轨道耦合相互作用的项，因而还可以研究χc0,χc1和χc2之间的质量劈裂。 The study of the splittings between the masses of mesons with different spin and orbit quantum numbers is important for checking the quark potential model. In the previous calculations with quark potential models, the splitting between ηc and J/ψ is however too small to the experimental result. In this paper the mass splitting of ηc J/ψ and the splitting between the new meson ηb and Υ(1s) are investigated with the complete Breit quark potential regularized by applying the form factor μ2/(q2+μ2) one time in momentum space. In addition, because the complete Breit potential includes the spin orbit interaction, it can be used to investigate the splittings among χc0, χc1 and χc2. The investigated results indicate that the screen mass μ in the form factor of regularization is related to the reduced mass of meson. The splittings of η_c-J/ψ, ηb Υ, and χc0 χc1 χc2 can reproduce the experimental results with high accuracy when the screen mass is expanded to the third order polynomial of meson reduced mass.     

现代物理信息

 1.电子与μ子统用性的确证.新的分支比测量得到R_?=Γ（Π→ev+Π→evγ）/Γ（π→μv+Π→μvγ）=（1.2265±0.0034±0.0044）×10^-4.结果与标准模型一致.并在0.2％的精度内确证e-μ统用性的假设是成立的,（D.I.Britton et al.,No.20）2.低温下光子质量的上限.基于安培定律的零检验,给出了一个确定低温下光子质量m_r的新方法.测量的结果是,在1.24K时,m_r≤（8.4±0.8）×10^-46g.     

相对论重离子碰撞中π介子椭圆流劈裂

近年来,美国布鲁克海文国家实验室的相对论重离子对撞机上正在进行着束流能量扫描实验, STAR国际合作组的研究人员发现π介子椭圆流劈裂与电荷不对称度存在着线性关系.该现象被认为是手征磁波效应的重要信号.本文基于拓展的多相输运模型,利用三味Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL)模型研究了构成π⁺和π^-介子不同的夸克同位旋平均场势,为解释π介子椭圆流劈裂与电荷不对称度线性关系的实验现象提供了新思路,可为同质异素体碰撞以及致密星体中夸克物质同位旋效应研究提供理论依据.     

用夸克模型探索π-N相互作用

本文中用夸克模型,Warke近似,并作为补偿,在夸克唯象势中加入中程势(-1)^T+JKre^(-r/a₂),计算了π-N相互作用势,从此势计算了L_2T,2J=S₁₁,S₃₁,P₁₁,P₃₁,P₁₃和P₃₃六种道的相移。在入射π介子动能E_π^k(lab)=0—700MeV范围内,与由实验方法决定的相移进行了比较。 关键词：     

科学实验中的“双盲”准则

 为什么在心理现象一类科学实验中必须坚持“双盲”的准则?在李政道教授所著的《粒子物理和场论导引》一书中,有一个很好的例证。1947年,鲍威尔从实验上明确区分出π介子和μ子,人们便开始了μ子衰变为电子加中微子μ^?→e^?+两个中微子及反中微子的电子能量谱形的研究。     

矢量介子及其激发态的讨论

在Regge唯象下, 首先研究自旋-宇称多重态中六个介子质量间的关系式. 运用验证后的关系式, 重点计算基态矢量介子多重态(1³S₁)中尚未观测到的双重粲-底介子 B_c^*的质量. 还计算了径向激发态2³S₁多重态的介子质量和轨道激发态1³G₅介子九重态的质量. 根据计算结果结合实验数据和其他理论进行讨论, 建议在6355 MeV附近寻找和研究 B_c^*介子, 将 D(2600)和 D_s1(2700)分别作为主要成分为 nc(2³S₁)和 sc(2³S₁)的态进行研究; 分别在5812, 5917, 6896 MeV附近寻找矢量介子第一径向激发态 B^*(2S), B_s^*(2S)和 B_c^*(2S). 建议将 ω₅(2250)安排在1³G₅介子九重态的同位旋标量态, 实验上在2259 MeV附近进一步研究 ρ₅(2350)的性质, 在2438 MeV附近寻找和研究 φ₅(1³G₅). 研究结果对于相关介子的自旋-宇称安排和通过实 验寻找新的介子激发态具有重要的参考价值. 关键词： Regge唯象 矢量介子 质量谱     

基于4A"势能面研究C(3P)+NO(X2Π)→CO(X1Σ+)+N(4S)反应的立体动力学性质

运用准经典轨线方法(QCT), 基于Abrahamsson等构造的⁴A"势能面(Abrahamsson E Andersson S, Nyman G, Markovic N 2008 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 10 4400), 在碰撞能为0.06 eV时, 对C(³P)+NO(X²Π )→CO(X¹Σ⁺)+N(⁴S)反应立体动力学性质进行了理论研究. 在考虑反应物NO转动和振动激发的条件下, 计算了质心坐标系下k-j'矢量(k与j'分别为反应物速度与产物角动量)相关的P(θ_r)分布和k-k'-j'矢量(k'为产物相对速度)相关的P(φ_r)分布. 此外还计算了该反应的三个极化微分截面(2π/σ)(dσ₀₀/dω_t), (2π/σ)(dσ₂₀/dω_t)以及(2π/σ)(dσ₂₂+dω_t). 计算结果表明转动和振动激发对产物取向影响较大而对定向影响较小; 对于三个极化微分截面, 转动激发的影响不大, 而振动激发的影响则较大.     

坐标空间中构造的Breit夸克势与介子和夸克偶素的质量劈裂

构造夸克间的有效的相互作用势函数是强子物理中的重要研究课题,也是学科前沿问题之一.本文对坐标空间中的Breit夸克势函数的完整形式实施消除奇异因子的替代方法,构造出一个有效的夸克势.除了第一项库仑势和第七项常数项势,对其他的项都需进行重新构造,即对第二项和第四项做δ(r)→μ~3e~(-μr)/8π替代,对第三项做1/r→(1-e-μr)/r替代,对第五项和第六项做1/r~3→1-(1+μr)e~(-μr)/r~3替代,由此重新构造出新的势函数,然后用来计算质量劈裂,检验构造势的有效性.为此计算了一组含重介子和夸克偶素的质量劈裂.计算中屏蔽质量μ不是简单的常数,而是取与夸克质量m_i,m_j有关的变量.研究计算发现,只有当屏蔽质量μ取为关于夸克平均质量μ_a=(m_i+m_j)/2的洛朗级数形式μ=c_(-3)(μ_a+0.512)-3+c_(-2)(μ_a+0.512)~(-2)+c_(-1)(μ_a+0.512)~(-1)+c_0+c_1(μ_a+0.512)时重介子η_c-J/ψ,η_b-Υ(1s),还有χ_(c0)-χ_(c1)-χ_(c2)等的夸克偶素之间质量劈裂精确达到实验值,同时其他介子尤其是6个D介子质量精度都比以往得到较大幅度的改善.因此,本文构造出一个有效的夸克势模型.     

Study on the Effects of the Light CP-odd Higgs via the Leptonic Decays of Pseudoscalar Mesons

To explain the anomalously large decay rate of Σ⁺→p+μ⁺μ^-, it was proposed that a new mechanism where a light CP-odd pseudoscalar boson of m_A1⁰=214.3 MeV makes a crucial contribution. Later, some authors have studied the transition π⁰→ e⁺e^- and r → γA₁⁰ in terms of the same mechanism and their result indicates that with the suggested mass one cannot fit the data. This discrepancy might be caused by experimental error of Σ⁺→ p+μ⁺μ^- because there were only a few events. Whether the mechanism is a reasonable one motivates us to investigate the transitions π⁰→ e⁺e^-;η(η')→ μ⁺μ^-; η_c→ μ⁺μ^-; η_b→τ⁺τ^- within the same framework. It is noted that for π⁰→ e⁺e^-, the standard model (SM) prediction is smaller than the data, whereas the experimental central value of η→μ⁺μ^- is also above the SM prediction. It means that there should be extra contributions from other mechanisms and the contribution of A₁⁰ may be a possible one. Theoretically calculating the branching ratios of the concerned modes, we would check if we can obtain a universal mass for A₁⁰ which reconcile the theoretical predictions and data for all the modes. Unfortunately, we find that it is impossible to have such a mass with the same coupling |gl|. Therefore we conclude that the phenomenology does not favor such a light A₁⁰, even though a small window is still open.     

Gluonia and Charmonium Decays

We discuss the search for a 1^-- gluonium state, 0, in connection with a possible solution for the so-called ρπ, K^*K puzzle in the J/φ and φ' decays. Some issues are examined. In particular, we argue that the expected most favorable process φ → ππO can have an appreciable branching ratio (say 10^-3 ~ 10^-4) only if the O has a very narrow partial decay width to ρπ (say 1 ~ 10 MeV). For the 0^-+ system we deduce a relation that BR(η'_c → h) ≈ BR (η_c → h), where h denotes an exclusive light hadronic channel. This relation may be useful for the experimental search of the yet to be confirmed q: state, for which the branching ratios of φ' → η'_c → γKKπ, γηππ, γη'ππ are estimated to be about 1 × 10^-4 if the mass of η'_c is around 3600 MeV, and this relation may also serve as a criterion to determine whether there exist anomalous decays in the η_c and η'_c system, in particular in the VV decay channels, which might be related to the 0^-+ glueball-charmonium mixing. We emphasize that the bigluonium and the trigluonium may have very different effects on these decays.     

ξ(2230) Is Likely to Be a Glueball

On the basis of the recent results of ξ(2230) → π⁺π^-, pp and ξ(2230) → K⁺K^-, K_sK_s, measured by the BES Collaboration in J/ψ radiative decays, combined with the PSI85 experiment of pp → ξ(2230) → KK we argue that because of its very narrow partial decay widths to nn and KK (less than 1 MeV), its large production rate in J/ψ radiative decays (BR(J/ψ → γξ> 2.3×10^-3), and its flavor-symmetric couplings to ππ and KK, the ξ(2230) is very likely to to be a J^PC= (even)⁺⁺ glueball.     

THE LINEAR ELIASHBERG EQUATION

Fn the present paper, the linear Eliashberg equation is converted into a new integral equation and from it, the following T_C formula is derived analytically in the weak coupling limit:T_c=28/πωlog·(πlog/π_c)μ^*/λ^*-μ^* exp{-1+λ/λ-μ^*}, where In γ=C=0.5772 is the Eater constant.     

Λc重子谱疑难(英文)

Λ_c+重子家族存在一个疑难,也就是重夸克有效理论预言的轨道角动量为L=2的多重态中JP=3/2+的态在实验上是缺失的,而且已发现的Λ_c（2765）+和Λ_c（2940）+的JP量子数仍然未知。在本工作中,我们使用双夸克图像计算了重子的质量,研究了Λ_c（2765）+和Λ_c（2940）+的可能归类以及仍缺失的具有L=2和JP=3/2+量子数的Λ_c+态,进而指出Λ_c（2880）+的峰结构中实际上已经包含了L=2、JP=3/2+这一缺失态,并建议Λ_c（2765）+和Λ_c（2940）+的量子数应分别为2S（1/2+）和2P（1/2-）。There is a puzzle in the Λ_c+ family, i.e., one member with JP=3/2+ is missing in a L=2 multiplet which the heavy quark effective theory predicts, and JP's of Λ_c(2765)+ and Λ_c(2940)+ are unknown. Using a light diquark picture to calculate baryon masses, we study possible assignments of two Λ_c's with unknown JP and the missing Λ_c+ with 3/2+ for L=2, and we find the most probable possibility that the peak corresponding to Λ_c(2880)+ actually includes a missing member with spin 3/2+ for L=2 and that quantum numbers of Λ_c(2765)+ and Λ_c(2940)+ are 2S(1/2+) and 2P (1/2-), respectively.     

The Three-Pion Decays of the a1(1260)

We investigate the decay of a₁⁺ (1260)→π⁺π⁺π^- with the assumption that the a₁(1260) is dynamically generated from the coupled channel ρπ and KK^* interactions. In addition to the tree level diagrams that proceed via a₁⁺ (1260)→ρ⁰π⁺→π⁺π⁺π^-, we take into account also the final state interactions of ππ→ππ and KK→ππ. We calculate the invariant π⁺π^- mass distribution and also the total decay width of a₁⁺ (1260)→π⁺π⁺π^- as a function of the mass of a₁(1260). The calculated total decay width of a₁(1260) is significantly different from other model calculations and tied to the dynamical nature of the a₁(1260) resonance. The future experimental observations could test of model calculations and would provide vary valuable information on the relevance of the ρπ component in the a₁(1260) wave function.     

Charge symmetry breaking in the A = 3 system and electromagnetic penguins (of the second kind)

We discuss difficulties with the traditional understanding of the origins of the non-coulombic portion of the ³H---³He binding energy difference (ΔBE) and analyze the contribution to ΔBE arising from certain mixed QED × QCD effects which are known to be important to the generation of isomultiplet splittings in the hadron spectrum. This contribution is shown, on general grounds, to be of O(100 keV) and, in the context of the quark cluster model, dominated by a single quark magnetic term, barring unnatural cancellations. More accurate data on Σ, Σ^* and Σ_c isomultiplet splittings would help to pin down the model estimate more precisely. Despite the uncertainties, the A = 3 binding energy difference is noteworthy as an example of a nuclear observable for which quark level effects do not appear well represented by effective operators at the nucleon level.     

Top-Quark Condensate at Finite Temperature and Electroweak Symmetry Restoration

The gap equation at finite temperature in the top-quark condensate scheme of electroweak symmetry breaking is proven to have the identical form in both the imaginary and real time formalisms of thermal field theory. By means of the gap equation, combined with the basic relation to define the vacuum expectation value v of the effective Higgs field, we analyze the dependence on temperature T and chemical potential p of the dynamical top-quark mass as the order parameter characteristic of symmetry breaking, and obtain the p-T criticality curve for symmetry restoration. We find out that the critical temperature T_c = 2υ for μ = 0 and the critical chemical potential μ_c = 2 π υ / √3 for T = 0. When μ = 0, the top-quark mass near T_c has the leading (T_c² - T²)^1/2 behavior with an extra factor dependent on temperature T and the momentum cutoff Λ. However, it is generally argued that the symmetry restoration at T ≥ T_c is still a second-order phase transition.     

THE QUARK MASS EFFECT OF THE DISTRIBUTION AMPLITUDES IN γγ-EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES

In this paper we have analyzed the γ^*π°→γ, γγ→ππ and γγ→ρρ processes by using the sum rules of the distribution amplitude ФM(xi,Q²), which are obtained from the π°→γγ and the π→μν decay processes. Since the angular distributions of the γγ→π°π° and γγ→ρ_⊥ρ_⊥ amplitudes are sensitive to the shape of the distribution amplitude ФM(xi,Q²), there is a possibility to investigate the effect of the quark mass from the angular distributions of γγ→MM exclusive processes.