磁场作用下超导圆环的涡旋演化

利用Ginzburg-Landau理论模拟在外磁场作用下超导圆环的涡旋演化,讨论了外磁场、材料参数以及圆环内外径对涡旋进入超导圆环体以及涡旋达到稳定分布的影响.研究结果表明:外磁场越大,材料参数κ越大,圆环环身越宽,则超导圆环体内容纳的涡旋就越多.当磁场较小时,涡旋只由内边界进入超导体,当磁场足够大时,涡旋则先由外边界,然后再从内边界进入超导体.     

锡烯超导中的第二类伊辛配对机制

正超导体在外加一定的磁场时会通过产生超流来保证磁力线不进入到体内,这个现象就是著名的迈斯纳效应。对于第二类超导体,当磁场超过一临界值——下临界磁场(B_(c1))——时,超导体体内会出现许多不再超导的"核",磁力线以量子磁通的形式穿过它们。超流环绕这些"核"而形成涡旋,这保证体内其他区域仍处于超导态。随磁场的增加,涡旋密度会逐渐增加。当磁场增大到上临界磁场(B_(c2))时,超导区域趋于零,整个材料将转变到正常态。可见,超导体的临界磁场是超导的基本性质之一,也是决定超导体应用的一项     

高温超导体中涡旋线的绞合

在极弱的磁场下，当T〈Tc高温超导体处于完全抗磁的Meissner态；在较高的外场下，磁场将部分地穿透材料，这表现为一根根平行于外场方向的涡旋线，涡旋线的芯部是正常态，而线的周围是超导环流．当温度较低时，     

高温超导混合配对态与磁通涡旋格子

建立在对基于Gor’kov方法而导出的微观GinzburgLandau方程的分析揭示了高温超导体YBa2Cu3O7配对态对称性和磁通涡旋格子结构.分析指出,存在一个格子转变温度T,当温度高于T时,超导基态显示dx2-y2波对称性特征;低于该温度s波沟道幅值成为可观的量级;超导基态为混合s-dx2-y2态.对应单分量波函数磁通涡旋格子为三角的结构;而稳定的斜格子反映出混合波特征.s与d沟道间耦合约束了磁场下dx2-x2波对称性自由度,而对高温超导反常输运行为如上临界磁场温度曲线上翘现象所负责 关键词： 高温超导 GinzburgLandau理论 磁通涡旋     

三维介观超导环涡旋态的研究

通过数值求解非线性金兹堡-朗道(G-L)方程组,研究了三维介观超导环中的涡旋态。发现了在细环中只能存在巨涡旋态,以及存在顺磁、抗磁迈斯纳效应和间隙性超导现象。在粗环中,发现了多涡旋态和巨涡旋态共存的混合态。相应讨论有助于理解介观超导环中涡旋态相变。     

介观薄圆环中的间隙性超导

本文运用了唯象的Ginzburg-Landau 理论研究了介观薄圆环的间隙性超导, 给出了在外磁场作用下超导圆环出现间隙性超导现象的尺寸相图. 这种间隙性超导现象只出现在尺寸小圆环中, 而且是超导圆环区别于超导圆盘的一个特征.     

双能隙介观超导体的涡旋结构模拟

本文运用了含时Ginzburg-Landau理论研究了双能带结构的介观超导体在外磁场作用下涡旋随时间的演化. 给出了实际温度在s波和d波的临界温度之间s波、d波以及磁场的分布, 从 理论上模拟得到涡旋进入和退出样品的磁场"过热"与"过冷"现象, 以及介观超导样品边界对涡旋结构分布的影响. 关键词： 涡旋结构 双能带 含时Ginzburg-Landau理论 超导     

超导环电流的研究

以修正的含时金兹堡-朗道理论去研究超导环的超流特性；计算了涡旋运动方程，理论上得到超导环电流是超流量子的整数倍，并且具有多涡旋跳跃；从理论上得到超导环的磁场是量子化的.一定条件下，超流的符号可以发生反转，并且理论上得到了它的表达式.认为超导环是具有对势的对称. 关键词： 超导环 电流 超导电性     

无序二维约瑟夫森结阵列中磁场引起的涡旋玻璃态相变

采用电阻阻错结的无序二维约瑟夫森结阵列模型,数值研究超导薄膜中垂直磁场引起的涡旋运动.通过分析磁场激发产生的涡旋度Ne及低频电压噪声S₀的变化特性,得到如下结论：在无序超导体中固定温度不变,随着磁场的减弱涡旋液态经过准有序的布拉格相,涡旋玻璃相重新进入到低磁场下的钉扎稀磁液相. 由于在涡旋玻璃相中,电流驱动下的噪声值表现出一个峰,表明系统处于无序与有序相互竞争的亚稳态,并且临界电流应有峰值效应. 计算得到噪声值的变化与Okuma等得到的无序超导Mo_xSi_1-x膜实验现象一致,并能解释磁场降低引起的重新进入钉扎的稀磁液相行为. 关键词： 约瑟夫森结阵列 磁通玻璃 重新进入 峰值效应     

外磁场与温度对低温超导光子晶体低频禁带特性的影响

文中用传输矩阵法(TMM)分析了TM波垂直入时,超导光子晶体的低频禁带特性,并讨论了外磁场与温度对禁带的影响.分析结果表明:超导光子晶体存在频率从0开始的低频禁带;当没有外磁场作用时,由于超导中正常态电子的影响,低频禁带的截止频率与温度无关;有外磁场作用时,温度才对截止频率具有可调性.外加恒定磁场时,低频禁带的截止频率随温度升高而减小;而在正常态电子的作用下,温度对处在超导态超导光子晶体禁带截止频率的调节范围相对忽略正常态电子情况下减小.恒温下,通过调节外磁场来控制带隙时,正常态电子的贡献很小可忽略不计;外磁场强度增大禁带截止频率减小.当超导体完全处于正常态时,低频禁带消失.     

Vortex patterns in a superconducting-ferromagnetic rod

A superconducting rod with a magnetic moment on top develops vortices obtained here through 3D calculations of the Ginzburg–Landau theory. The inhomogeneity of the applied field brings new properties to the vortex patterns that vary according to the rod thickness. We find that for thin rods (disks) the vortex patterns are similar to those obtained in presence of a homogeneous magnetic field instead because they consist of giant vortex states. For thick rods novel patterns are obtained as vortices are curve lines in space that exit through the lateral surface.     

Superconducting state evolution with applied magnetic flux in mesoscopic rings

The magnetic flux dependence of the vortex state for small mesoscopic superconducting rings surrounded by a medium is investigated by the phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau theory. The influences of the ring size and the surface superconductivity on the free energy and total supercurrent are studied. For narrow rings, the persistent current evolves towards a periodic behaviour with magnetic flux. The complete paramagnetic or diamagnetic state, corresponding to positive or negative current flowing in the whole ring, can occur. A remarkable intermittent superconducting behaviour for the ground-state transition is found when the strength of surface-suppressed superconductivity is enlarged or the ring size is decreased. Consequently, a pure superconducting state with positive total current can be obtained.     

Ginzberg-Landau理论对超导薄膜的适用性

本文指出虽然三十年来Ginzberg-Landau理论(以下简称G-理论)被人们广泛地用于描述超导薄膜的临界场,而且它还是描述强耦合超导薄膜临界场的唯一理论,但G-L关于薄膜临界场的理论不仅一直未得到实验证明,而且它既不能用于描述结晶态的弱耦合超导薄膜的临界场,也不适用于描述强耦合超导薄膜的临界场。本文还提出了一个在薄膜极限下定域的新判据:ξ<<λ,ξ<关键词：     

薄介观超导环中的涡旋电荷分布

本文用Ginzburg-Landau理论研究在薄介观超导环中的涡旋电荷分布．对于巨涡旋态，我们发现随着外场的增加，内半径附近的电荷会从负号变为正号．本文表明，是顺磁迈斯纳效应和抗磁迈斯纳效应的竞争决定了涡旋电荷的分布．     

Rotating spin-1/2 Bose-Einstein condensates in a gradient magnetic field with spin-orbit coupling

We study the ground-state phases of two-dimensional rotating spin–orbit coupled spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in a gradient magnetic field. The competition between gradient magnetic field, spin–orbit coupling and rotation leads to a variety of ground-state phase structures. In the weakly rotation regime, as the increase of gradient magnetic field strength, the BECs experiences a phase transition from the unstable phase to the single vortex-line phase. The unstable phase presents the vortex lines structures along the off-diagonal direction. With magnetic field gradient strength increasing, the number of vortex lines changes accordingly. As the magnetic field gradient strength increases further, the single vortex-line phase with a single vortex line along the diagonal direction is formed. The phase diagram shows that the boundary between the two phases is linear with the relative repulsion λ≥1 and is nonlinear with λ<1. In the relatively strong rotation regime, in addition to the unstable phase and the single vortex-line phase, the vortex-ring phase is formed for the strong magnetic field gradient and rapid rotation. The vortex-ring phase shows the giant and hidden vortex structures at the center of ring. The strong magnetic field gradient makes the number of the vortices around the ring unchanged.     

Magnetic-field effects on the size of vortices below the surface of NbSe2 detected using low energy beta-NMR

A low energy radioactive beam of polarized 8Li has been used to observe the vortex lattice near the surface of superconducting NbSe2. The inhomogeneous magnetic-field distribution associated with the vortex lattice was measured using depth-resolved beta-detected NMR. Below Tc, one observes the characteristic line shape for a triangular vortex lattice which depends on the magnetic penetration depth and vortex core radius. The size of the vortex core varies strongly with the magnetic field. In particular, in a low field of 10.8 mT, the core radius is much larger than the coherence length. The possible origin of these giant vortices is discussed.     

Quasiparticle density of states of 2H-NbSe2 single crystals revealed by low-temperature specific heat measurements according to a two-component model

Low-temperature specific heat in a dichalcogenide superconductor 2H-NbSe2 is measured in various magnetic fields. It is found that the specific heat can be described very well by a simple model concerning two components corresponding to vortex normal core and ambient superconducting region, separately. For calculating the specific heat outside the vortex core region, we use the Bardeen-Cooper Schrieffer （BCS） formalism under the assumption of a narrow distribution of the superconducting gaps. The field-dependent vortex core size in the mixed state of 2H-NbSe2, determined by using this model, can explain the nonlinear field dependence of specific heat coefficient γ（H）, which is in good agreement with the previous experimental results and more formal calculations. With the high-temperature specific heat data, we can find that, in the multi-band superconductor 2H-NbSe2, the recovered density of states （or Fermi surface） below Tc under a magnetic field seems not to be gapped again by the charge density wave （CDW） gap, which suggests that the superconducting gap and the CDW gap may open on different Fermi surface sheets.     

Mesoscopic superconducting disks

Using the nonlinear Ginzburg–Landau (GL) equations, type I superconducting disks of finite radius (R) and thickness (d) are studied in a perpendicular magnetic field. Depending on R and d, first- or second-order phase transitions are found for the normal to superconducting state. For sufficiently large R, several transitions in the superconducting phase are found corresponding to different angular momentum giant vortex states. In an increasing magnetic field the superconductor is in its ground state, while in a field down sweep it is possible to drive the system into metastable states. We also present a quantitative analysis of the relation between the detector output and the sample magnetization. The latter, and the incorporation of the finite thicknesses of the disks, are essential in order to obtain quantitative agreement with experiment.     

Formation of multiple-flux-quantum vortices in mesoscopic superconductors from simulations of calorimetric, magnetic, and transport properties

Because of strong flux confinement in mesoscopic superconductors, a "giant" vortex may appear in the ground state of the system in an applied magnetic field. This multiquanta vortex can then split into individual vortices (and vice versa) as a function of, e.g., applied current, magnetic field, or temperature. Here we show that such transitions can be identified by calorimetry, as the formation or splitting of a giant vortex results in a clear jump in measured heat capacity versus external drive. We attribute this phenomenon to an abrupt change in the density of states of the quasiparticle excitations in the vortex core(s), and further link it to a sharp change of the magnetic susceptibility at the transition--proving that the formation of a giant vortex can also be detected by magnetometry.     

Bistability in a superconducting Al thin film induced by arrays of Fe-nanodot magnetic vortices

A hybrid system, consisting of an array of Fe nanodots covered by a superconducting Al thin film, exhibits very unusual magnetotransport, including a giant hysteretic magnetoresistance with different reversible or irreversible regimes related to the magnetic state of the array. These effects originate from the magnetic fields produced by magnetic nanodots in the "magnetic vortex state." This is a unique model system in which properties of a magnetic array are transferred into the superconductor.