静电纺制备丝素蛋白纳米纤维及其复合纳米纤维的研究进展

将生物材料通过静电纺丝制备成的纳米纤维,具有比表面积大、空隙率高、生物相容性好等优点,因此得到广泛研究。本文主要综述了近年来国内外静电纺丝制备丝素蛋白纳米纤维的研究现状,重点介绍了采用不同溶剂制备的纯丝素蛋白纳米纤维和丝素蛋白与其它材料复合制备的丝素蛋白复合纳米纤维,并展望丝素蛋白纳米纤维潜在的应用前景。     

静电纺丝法制备超细聚苯乙烯纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝方法制备了超细聚苯乙烯纤维, 通过向溶液中添加有机胺盐并降低溶液浓度将纤维的平均直径降至100 nm, 并研究了盐的添加量对纤维直径的影响.     

静电纺丝法制备纤维素纳米纤维的研究进展

纤维素纳米纤维很好的结合了纤维素的重要属性和纳米材料的各项特性,但纤维素大分子之间存在大量氢键,使得纤维素较难溶于普通溶剂,导致通过静电纺丝法直接制备纤维素纳米纤维具有一定的难度.而先采用静电纺丝法制备纤维素衍生物纳米纤维,再对纤维素衍生物纳米纤维进行水解也是制备纤维素纳米纤维的一种有效方法.本文对近年来这两种纤维素纳米纤维制备方法的研究进行了综述,并对静电纺制备纤维素纳米纤维的发展前景做出了展望.     

静电纺丝法制备纳米抗菌纤维的研究进展

纳米抗菌材料是防止细菌等致病微生物对人们生产、生活的破坏而发展起来的一类新型材料.在纳米抗菌材料的众多制备方法中,静电纺丝是一种成本低,工艺可控的技术,制备的纳米纤维具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、纤维均匀等特点.本文作者首先简述了静电纺丝技术以及该技术制备纳米抗菌纤维材料的特点;接着按照菌剂种类不同,对静电纺丝技术制备的抗菌纤维材料进行归类,将其分为无机抗菌纤维材料、天然抗菌纤维材料和复合抗菌纤维材料3类,并对其研究进展进行了评述;最后对静电纺丝技术制备纳米抗菌纤维的研究现状进行了总结与展望.     

静电纺丝制备图案化无机纳米纤维

静电纺丝技术近几年在制备纳米纤维领域得到了广泛的应用,被认为是批量制备纳米纤维材料最简单有效的方法。本文综述了近几年高压静电纺丝技术制备图案化无机物纳米纤维的纺丝装置和过程,特别详细综述了纺丝过程中纤维直径的变化,利用带电流体动力学(EHD)理论推导出纤维直径变化的运动方程,并对方程进行一定程度的修订,以符合电纺无机物纳米纤维直径的变化;并综述了取向纳米纤维、中空纳米纤维、壳-核结构纳米纤维、纳米线、纳米带、纳米管及多层次结构纳米纤维的构建及其基本性能。最后对电纺制备图案化无机纳米纤维未来发展方向,特别是功能化多层次结构电纺无机纳米纤维制备进行了展望。     

增强复合静电纺纳米纤维膜

静电纺丝纳米纤维膜具有孔隙率高、孔径小、透气性好等优良性能。但由于纤维太细,且纤维间没有有效的粘结,其强度较低,严重限制了它的应用。本文采用高/低熔点热熔性的两种高聚物进行混合静电纺丝,制备了聚丙烯腈/聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PAN/PVDF-HFP)、聚偏氟乙烯/聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF/PVDF-HFP)复合纳米纤维膜,并通过110℃、3MPa、5min的热压后处理,使PVDF-HFP部分熔融,制得具有点粘结的增强复合纳米纤维膜。测试结果显示,较处理前,增强PAN/PVDF-HFP、PVDF/PVDF-HFP复合纳米纤维膜的拉伸断裂强度分别提高了923.1%和665.7%,达到17.8MPa和26.9MPa,且同时保留了优良的孔隙率与透气性能。     

静电纺丝法制备MgO纳米纤维

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为络合剂与醋酸镁反应制得前驱体，采用静电纺丝法制得聚乙烯醇(PVA)／醋酸镁复合纤维，经焙烧后得到分布均匀、具有较高比表面积和多孔结构的。MgO纳米纤维．对所制得的纳米纤维的结晶度、纯度和表面形貌，分别采用X射线粉末衍射、差热一热重分析(TG-DTA)、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析测试手段进行了表征．结果表明，煅烧温度对纳米纤维的结晶度和形貌有很大影响．     

静电纺丝制备石墨烯基复合纳米纤维研究进展

在静电纺丝纳米纤维中加入纳米填料——石墨烯(G),有助于提高纳米纤维的性能,扩展其应用领域。本文综述了近年来国内外静电纺丝制备石墨烯基复合纳米纤维的研究现状,重点介绍了石墨烯与聚酰胺(PA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、二氧化钛(TiO2)等复合纳米纤维制备的研究进展及其在光催化剂、超级电容器、染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)、传感器、生物医学等方面的应用潜力,展望了石墨烯基复合纳米纤维的发展前景。     

静电纺丝制备醋酸纤维素复合纳米纤维的研究进展

静电纺丝技术就是通过带电聚合物溶液或熔体的喷射来制备纳米纤维,是一种制备纳米纤维材料简单有效的技术。醋酸纤维素(CA)易溶于有机溶剂,常作为纤维素的替代材料应用于静电纺丝领域。本文总结了近年来国内外采用静电纺丝技术制备CA复合纳米纤维的研究新进展,重点介绍了CA/CNTs复合纳米纤维、CA/金属粒子复合纳米纤维、CA/金属氧化物复合纳米纤维、CA基载药复合纳米纤维、CA/PAN复合纳米纤维、CA/PVA复合纳米纤维、CA/CS复合纳米纤维等CA复合纳米纤维的研究进展以及潜在的应用领域。     

静电纺丝制备杯芳烃功能化纳米纤维的应用

静电纺丝技术是制备连续微纳米纤维的一种简单易行且高效的方法,所制备的纳米纤维因其独特的结构尺寸和广泛的应用领域而备受材料科学界的青睐。 作为第三代超分子主体化合物的杯芳烃及其衍生物因其独特的分子结构、优异的离子选择识别性和吸附性能而显示出广阔的应用前景。 本文简述了静电纺丝制备杯芳烃功能化纳米纤维的原理,系统地探讨了其作为吸附剂和催化剂载体的应用以及静电纺丝与杯芳烃相结合的优势。 讨论了目前静电纺丝制备杯芳烃功能化纳米纤维存在的问题,对未来的发展方向进行展望。     

Impact of Electrospinning Parameters and Post-Treatment Method on Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Chitosan Nanofibers

Chitosan, a natural biopolymer, is an ideal candidate to prepare biomaterials capable of preventing microbial infections due to its antibacterial properties. Electrospinning is a versatile method ideally suited to process biopolymers with minimal impact on their physicochemical properties. However, fabrication parameters and post-processing routine can affect biological activity and, therefore, must be well adjusted. In this study, nanofibrous membranes were prepared using trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane and evaluated for physiochemical and antimicrobial properties. The use of such biomaterials as potential antibacterial agents was extensively studied in vitro using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as test organisms. The antibacterial assay showed inhibition of bacterial growth and eradication of the planktonic cells of both E. coli and S. aureus in the liquid medium for up to 6 hrs. The quantitative assay showed a significant reduction in bacteria cell viability by nanofibers depending on the method of fabrication. The antibacterial properties of these biomaterials can be attributed to the structural modifications provided by co-solvent formulation and application of post-treatment procedure. Consequently, the proposed antimicrobial surface modification method is a promising technique to prepare biomaterials designed to induce antimicrobial resistance via antiadhesive capability and the biocide-releasing mechanism.     

Control over Internal Structure of Liquid Crystal Polymer Nanofibers by Electrospinning

Liquid crystal polymer nanofibers with a diameter ranging from 0.13 to 4.71 µm were prepared by electrospinning from a main‐chain liquid crystalline polyester, BB‐5(3‐Me). WAXD measurements showed that the formation and orientation of the ordered structure in the electrospun fibers were controlled by the fiber diameter formed during electrospinning. For BB‐5(3‐Me), the SmA structure with two layer spacings was formed in the fiber during the electrospinning. Under optimal spinning conditions, the SmA structure is highly oriented in the fiber. In addition, annealing transformed the metastable SmA structure in the BB‐5(3‐Me) fiber into stable SmCA one.

     

Novel Biologically Inspired Collagen Nanofibers Reconstituted by Electrospinning Method

The possibility to prepare bioinspired collagen nanofibers by electrospinning from aqueous suspension of telopeptide-free collagen molecules avoiding both organic solvents and blends with any synthetic and natural polymers has been investigated. The results have highlighted the need for a basic atmosphere between the needle and the ground collector in order to increase the environmental pH during the collagen molecules self-assembly along the electrostatic force lines. Morphological, spectroscopic and calorimetric analyses carried out on the electrospun collagen nanofibers have opened the possibility to take advantage of this new approach in order to prepare an ideal biomimetic reinforcing component of new biomedical and surgical biomaterials.     

Biased AC Electrospinning of Aligned Polymer Nanofibers

A new method is reported for minimizing the inherent fiber instability in the electrospinning process. The method, dubbed “biased AC electrospinning”, employs a combination of DC and AC potentials and results in highly‐aligned mats of polymer or composite polymer fibers. The relationship between specific processing variables such as the AC frequency and the magnitude of the DC offset was investigated and related to the resulting fiber stability and uniformity. For optimum fiber stability, the AC frequency must fall within a relatively narrow range. The upper and lower frequency limits were measured for a small group of polymers and polymer composites and were qualitatively related to solution properties and processing variables. Potential applications of well‐ordered nanofiber materials include tissue engineering, filtration, drug delivery, and microelectronics.

     

Electrospinning of Chitosan

Summary: An electrospun nonwoven fabric of a cationic polysaccharide, chitosan, was successfully prepared. The present study focuses on the effect of the electrospinning solvent and the chitosan concentration on the morphology of the resulting nonwoven fabrics. The solvents tested were dilute hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, neat formic acid and trifluoroacetic acid. As the chitosan concentration was increased, the morphology of the deposition on the collector changed from spherical beads to interconnected fibrous networks. The addition of dichloromethane to the chitosan‐TFA solution improved the homogeneity of the electrospun chitosan fiber. Under optimized conditions, homogenous (not interconnected) chitosan fibers with a mean diameter of 330 nm were prepared.

Effects of the coexisting dichloromethane (MC) in the prespun chitosan‐TFA solution on the morphology of the electrospun chitosan fibers. The volume ratio of TFA:MC was 70:30 (×5 000).     

静电纺丝制备荧光导电双功能复合纳米纤维及其表征

采用静电纺丝技术将导电聚苯胺(PANI)和铕/铽稀土配合物掺杂到高分子基质聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)中,制备出荧光导电复合纳米纤维。用扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光光谱仪(FL)、宽频介电松驰谱仪对荧光导电复合纳米纤维的性能进行分析,结果显示,在270nm紫外光激发下,铕系列与铽系列复合纳米纤维分别发出红光和绿光。同时,复合纳米纤维的电导率可以达到1.18×10~(-6) S/cm,两种复合纳米纤维同时具有优异的荧光性能及良好的导电功能。     

基于静电纺丝技术的取向纳米纤维

纳米纤维作为一维纳米材料的一个重要分支,有着广泛的应用前景。静电纺丝技术是一种制备一维纳米纤维的有效方法。然而,传统制备工艺制得的纳米纤维常为无序排列的结构,极大限制了其应用。近十几年来,通过对喷丝装置、纤维分化区及接收装置的改进获得了取向纳米纤维(aligned nanofibers, ANFs),引发了研究者的广泛关注,但对于取向纳米纤维的制备与应用未见系统性的论述。本文系统总结了采用静电纺丝技术制备取向纳米纤维的方法,并评述了这种取向结构在生物组织工程修复、传感器、增强材料及能源等领域中的应用。鉴于ANFs在生物组织工程中得到广泛的关注,本文对其进行了着重介绍。而在能源领域,本文主要阐述在质子交换膜燃料电池方面的应用。最后,本文总结了ANFs存在的问题,并展望了其未来的发展。