聚多巴胺球支撑银纳米粒子制备无酶过氧化氢生物传感器

近年来,以聚多巴胺球支撑的纳米复合材料越来越受到人们的关注。聚多巴胺球有表面功能化基团如—OH、—NH_2等,决定了聚多巴胺球可以充当多种纳米复合材料的活性载体。利用聚多巴胺良好的还原性制备并负载银纳米粒子于聚多巴胺球表面,制备出的新型复合材料银纳米粒子-聚多巴胺球(以下简写为Ag@pdop)。Au修饰电极和银纳米粒子对过氧化氢的还原反应均具有很好的催化性能,利用两者特点将其复合制备修饰电极实现对H2O2的无酶传感,检测灵敏度达到了14.7μA/(mmol·L-1),检出限可达11.8μmol/L,线性范围0.2~6.0mmol/L,检测结果及抗干扰能力均令人满意。     

聚多巴胺球支撑银纳米粒子制备无酶过氧化氢生物传感器

近年来,以聚多巴胺球支撑的纳米复合材料越来越受到人们的关注。聚多巴胺球有表面功能化基团如—OH、—NH_2等,决定了聚多巴胺球可以充当多种纳米复合材料的活性载体。利用聚多巴胺良好的还原性制备并负载银纳米粒子于聚多巴胺球表面,制备出的新型复合材料银纳米粒子-聚多巴胺球(以下简写为Ag@pdop)。Au修饰电极和银纳米粒子对过氧化氢的还原反应均具有很好的催化性能,利用两者特点将其复合制备修饰电极实现对H2O2的无酶传感,检测灵敏度达到了14.7μA/(mmol·L-1),检出限可达11.8μmol/L,线性范围0.2~6.0mmol/L,检测结果及抗干扰能力均令人满意。     

聚精氨酸修饰玻碳电极上多巴胺的电化学特性及其检测

用循环伏安法制备了聚精氨酸修饰玻碳电极,研究了神经递质多巴胺在该聚合物薄膜修饰电极上的电化学行为及其检测。在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,多巴胺在聚精氨酸修饰电极上于0.19V和0.16V处出现一对灵敏、可逆的氧化还原峰。在最佳测试条件下,氧化峰电流与多巴胺的浓度在3.0×10-7~8.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为Ipa(μA)=86.063C(mmol/L) 20.183,相关系数r=0.9993,最低检测限(3σ)5.0×10-8mol/L。用于多巴胺针剂含量的测定,结果满意。     

聚L-组氨酸修饰碳黑微电极的制备及多巴胺的测定

用电聚合法制备了聚L-组氨酸修饰碳黑微电极,研究了多巴胺在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验表明:该修饰电极对神经递质多巴胺的电化学氧化有显著的催化作用,采用二次导数线性扫描伏安法对多巴胺进行测定,在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,多巴胺在0.15 V处产生一灵敏的氧化峰,多巴胺的氧化峰电流与浓度在4.0×10-8~1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)为1.0×10-8mol/L。该聚合物修饰电极具有良好的选择性,能有效地排除抗坏血酸对测定的影响,用于人工合成样品的分析。     

静电纺丝制备钯负载聚苯胺纳米管及其对水合肼的催化氧化

在电纺丝聚苯乙烯(PS)纤维上进行苯胺聚合,随后经过聚苯乙烯溶解,获得聚苯胺(PANI)纳米管。PANI纳米管在PdCl2的酸性溶液中浸泡吸附,并用NaBH4还原得到Pd纳米负载的聚苯胺(PANI-Pd)纳米管复合材料。扫描电镜证明PANI纳米管的形成及表面Pd纳米粒子的沉积。以该PANI-Pd复合材料制备PANI-Pd修饰玻碳电极,并采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了该修饰电极对水合肼的催化氧化。实验发现,PdCl2的浓度影响Pd纳米粒子的沉积及其修饰电极对肼的催化性能,当PdCl2浓度为10mmol/L时,制得的PANI-Pd纳米管修饰电极对水合肼的催化性能最佳。在优化条件下,在0.1mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=7.0)中,水合肼的催化电流与浓度在2.0×10-5~1.0×10-4 mol/L和3.0×10-4~7.0×10-3 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为2.0×10-6 mol/L。该电极可实际应用于水合肼的检测。     

抗坏血酸在石墨烯/聚苯胺复合膜修饰电极上的电化学行为

通过原位聚合的方法制备石墨烯/聚苯胺复合物,并将其滴涂于玻碳电极表面,得到石墨烯/聚苯胺复合膜修饰电极。采用循环伏安法研究了抗坏血酸在石墨烯/聚苯胺复合膜修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在pH=3.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,抗坏血酸在该修饰电极上出现一个明显的氧化峰,氧化峰电流与其浓度在5.0×10-7~1.0×10-3 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.9×10-7 mol/L。该修饰电极可以用于维生素C片中痕量抗坏血酸的测定,加标回收率为97.5%~105%。     

多巴胺在牛磺酸修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其分析应用

采用电化学聚合法制备了牛磺酸修饰玻碳电极,研究了多巴胺在聚牛磺酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了测定痕量多巴胺的新方法.在pH 7.2的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,多巴胺在修饰电极上产生一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,采用差分脉冲伏安法测定,其氧化峰电流与多巴胺浓度在8.0×10-8～1.0×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8 mol/L.     

金掺杂聚L-半光氨酸修饰电极测定多巴胺

利用电化学聚合法将金和L-半胱氨酸修饰于玻碳电极表面,制成了金掺杂聚L-半胱氨酸修饰电极,研究了多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,在p H 5.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,多巴胺在修饰电极上产生一对明显的氧化还原峰,且氧化峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10-6~3.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限为2.08×10-7mol/L。该修饰电极用于实际样品中DA的测定,回收率达98.4%。     

Nafion-离子液体-修饰碳糊电极在抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下选择性测定多巴胺

用Nafion和亲水性离子液体溴化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([OMIM]Br)作修饰剂制作了Nafion-离子液体-修饰碳糊电极;在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.40)中,用循环伏安法(CV)和方波伏安法(SWV)研究了多巴胺在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下选择性测定多巴胺的新方法.研究表明,该修饰电极降低了多巴胺氧化、还原反应的过电位,增大了其氧化、还原反应的峰电流,而抗坏血酸和尿酸在该修饰电极上无响应;在方波伏安曲线上,多巴胺的氧化电流与其浓度在3.0×10-8～2.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8 mol/L.该法可用于注射液和模拟生物样品中多巴胺的测定.     

聚L-酪氨酸修饰电极的制备及对多巴胺的测定

用循环伏安法制备了聚L 酪氨酸修饰玻碳电极,研究了多巴胺在聚L 酪氨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定痕量多巴胺的新方法。多巴胺在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,在聚L 酪氨酸修饰玻碳电极上产生一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为Epa=189mV,Epc=131mV。循环伏安法测定多巴胺的线性范围为1.0×10-3～1.0×10-8mol/L,检出限:1.0×10-9mol/L。方法可用于药剂中多巴胺的测定。     

Influence of Block Copolymer on Formation and Acid Resistant Properties of Hybrid CaCO_3 Particles

Block copolymer polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid)(PS-b-PAA) was used as structural template for the synthesis of CaCO3 microparticles. Through this procedure, acid resistant hybrid CaCO3 micro-spheres were obtained. Acid resistant properties of this type of hybrid CaCO3 were studied. Size mea-surement shows that the acid resistant properties of the hybrid particles are different in different solutions, such as HCI, EDTA, and H2SO4 solutions.     

Synthesis of size-controlled acid-resistant hybrid calcium carbonate microparticles as templates for fabricating "micelles-enhanced" polyelectrolyte capsules by the LBL technique

Size-controlled, low-dispersed calcium carbonate microparticles were synthesized in the presence of the amphiphilic block copolymer polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) by modulating the concentration of block copolymer in the reactive system. This type of hybrid microparticles have acid-resistant properties. By investigating the aggregation behaviors of PS-b-PAA micelles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the mechanism of hybrid calcium carbonate formation illustrated that the block copolymer served not only as "pseudonuclei" for the growth of calcium carbonate nanocrystals, but also forms the supramicelle congeries, a spherical framework, as templates for calcium carbonate nanocrystal growth into hybrid CaCO(3) particles. Moreover, this pilot study shows that the hybrid microparticle is a novel candidate as a template for fabricating multilayer polyelectrolyte capsules, in which the block copolymer is retained within the capsule interior after core removal under soft conditions. This not only facilitates the encapsulation of special materials, but also provides "micelles-enhanced" polyelectrolyte capsules.     

交联壳聚糖水凝胶填充层状微胶囊的制备与性能

在甲基丙烯酸和乳酸接枝修饰的水溶性壳聚糖(CML)存在下, 合成了尺寸均匀的球形CML杂化碳酸钙微粒. 通过层层组装(LBL)技术在该微粒表面形成了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)/聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐(PAH)多层膜, 去除碳酸钙微粒后得到内部含有CML的聚电解质微胶囊. 进一步采用紫外光引发CML聚合, 将CML转化为CML微凝胶, 得到内部填充凝胶的微胶囊. 通过扫描电镜、光学显微镜和透射电镜等技术表征了微胶囊的结构. 与传统的LBL微胶囊不同, 凝胶填充的微胶囊干燥时尺寸收缩, 但仍可保持球形; 再次水化后, 能够膨胀恢复其原有尺寸和形态. 各种具有不同电荷性质、分子量和亲疏水性的染料分子及蛋白质均可有效地装载到微胶囊内.     

电催化甲酸氧化中钯微粒与聚苯胺的相互作用

采用电化学、ＸＰＳ和拉曼光谱研究钯微粒修饰聚苯胺（ＰＡＮ（Ｐｄ）电极对甲酸氧化的电催化行为。由于钯与ＰＡＮ的相互作用，钯微粒在所研究的电位区间可稳定地固定于ＰＡＮ中，且甲酸在钯上的氧化明显地抑制ＰＡＮ的氧化降解，使ＰＡＮ（Ｐｄ）电极电催化甲酸氧化反应具有高的稳定性和活性。     

A novel strategy for immobilization of thionine based on calcium carbonate-gold nanoparticles inorganic hybrid composite and its application in hydrogen peroxide sensor

A novel strategy for efficient immobilization of electroactive Thionine(Th)on the gold(Au)electrode surface based on calcium carbonate-gold nanoparticles(CaCO3-AuNPs)inorganic hybrid composite was proposed and conducted by the strong electrostatic interaction between positively charged Th and negatively charged CaCO3-AuNPs composite.The hybrid composite was obtained by the adsorption of AuNPs onto the surface of CaCO3 microspheres through electrostatic interaction.Due to the microporous architecture,large s...     

含乳糖聚电解质靶向微胶囊的层层自组装构筑

设计合成了己二酸乳糖乙烯酯/对苯乙烯磺酸钠共聚物（PLESS）,通过层层自组装技术构筑聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐（PAH）与含乳糖聚电解质PLESS的靶向微胶囊。以紫外-可见吸收光谱监测了PAH与PLESS在平面的石英片进行层层自组装过程,研究了不同实验条件（聚电解质浓度、溶液盐度、盐种类）对PAH/PLESS多层膜自组装的影响;PAH与PLESS在球形碳酸钙微球模板上层层自组装,去除模板后得到层状结构的微胶囊,用透射电镜（TEM）等方法观察其形态形貌;通过花生凝集素识别考察其潜在靶向性;通过细胞MTT活性试验评价其生物相容性。     

Matrix polyelectrolyte capsules based on polysaccharide/MnCO₃ hybrid microparticle templates

An efficient strategy for biomacromolecule encapsulation based on spontaneous deposition into polysaccharide matrix-containing capsules is introduced in this study. First, hybrid microparticles composed of manganese carbonate and ionic polysaccharides including sodium hyaluronate (HA), sodium alginate (SA) and dextran sulfate sodium (DS) with narrow size distribution were synthesized to provide monodisperse templates. Incorporation of polysaccharide into the hybrid templates was successful as verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Matrix polyelectrolyte microcapsules were fabricated through layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (PEs) onto the hybrid particles, followed by removal of the inorganic part of the cores, leaving polysaccharide matrix inside the capsules. The loading and release properties of the matrix microcapsules were investigated using myoglobin as a model biomacromolecule. Compared to matrix-free capsules, the matrix capsules had a much higher loading capacity up to four times; the driving force is mostly due to electrostatic interactions between myoglobin and the polysaccharide matrix. From our observations, for the same kind of polysaccharide, a higher amount of polysaccharide inside the capsules usually led to better loading capacity. The release behavior of the loaded myoglobin could be readily controlled by altering the environmental pH. These matrix microcapsules may be used as efficient delivery systems for various charged water-soluble macromolecules with applications in biomedical fields.     

甲酸在钯微粒修饰聚苯胺电极上氧化的协同效应研究

Electrochemical oxidation of formic acid on PAN(Pd) electrode has been studied using conventional electrochemical techniques and the electrochemical in-situ FTIR. The process of electrochemical oxidation of PAN(Pd) electorde has been put forward. The kinetic parameters of different thickness of PAN film such as diffusion coefficient (D0) and reaction rate constant(k0) have been calculated. Furthermore, the causes of the difference between PAN(Pd) and pure Pd(or Pt) electrodes as well as the high electrocatalytic activation of PAN(Pd) electrode for oxidation of fomic acid have also been discussed. The high catalytic activation of PAN(Pd) electrode for oxidation of formic acid probably comes from the synergistic effect of the subcatalytic interaction of PAN and the catalytic interaction of the palladium microparticles.     

Calcium carbonate-gold nanocluster hybrid spheres: synthesis and versatile application in immunoassays

Fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were incorporated into porous calcium carbonate spheres through electrostatic interaction. The resulting CaCO(3)/AuNCs hybrid material exhibited interesting properties, such as porous structure, excellent biocompatibility, good water solubility, and degradability. These properties make the CaCO(3)/AuNCs hybrid material a promising template to assemble horseradish peroxidase/antibody conjugates (HRP-Ab(2)). By using CaCO(3)/AuNCs/HRP-Ab(2) bioconjugates as probes, a versatile immunosensor was developed for fluorescent and electrochemical detection of the cancer biomarker neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The detection limits of the sensor were 2.0 and 0.1 pg mL(-1) for fluorescent and electrochemical detection, respectively. The immunosensor shows high sensitivity and offers an alternative strategy for the detection of other proteins and DNA.     

掺杂羧基化碳纳米管的纳米碳纤维前驱体的制备及表征

为获得结构完整、 性能优良的纳米碳纤维前驱体, 采用静电纺丝法制备了掺杂羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维. 用扫描电子显微镜、 偏振红外光谱、 透射电子显微镜、 拉曼光谱及拉伸性能测试等对杂化纳米纤维的微观结构和力学性能进行了研究, 分析了MWCNTs含量的影响. 实验结果表明, 5%(质量分数)的MWCNTs掺杂量为杂化纳米纤维直径的突变点, 且MWCNTs的加入有利于PAN分子链的取向, MWCNTs在PAN纤维中大体上沿纤维轴向取向分布. 3%MWCNTs/PAN杂化纳米纤维的拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别达到88.6 MPa和3.21 GPa.