金属多孔材料吸声板的优化模型

金属纤维多孔材料与一般纤维材料相比具有较高比强度的优点,其声学性质已引起人们的注意。本文试图从直通孔介质的吸声模型拓展到一般的刚性多孔介质,讨论金属多孔吸声板在液体介质中吸声的主要无量纲控制参数,从而建立一个基本的吸声优化模型。计算表明,通过适当选取参数,可以比较清楚地了解在特定频率范围内和不超过特定厚度的条件下吸声结构是否可以达到特定的吸声指标,也由此提供一个利用无量纲参数设计水下低频薄层吸声结构的模型。     

吸声型薄膜声学超材料低频宽带吸声性能研究

该文根据吸声型薄膜声学超材料的吸声机理,在传统的吸声型薄膜声学超材料结构的基础上引入质量非对称结构,优化了不同厚度质量片的排布方式,并根据优化结果制备了能够实现低频宽带吸声效果的薄膜声学超材料样品。对其进行声学实验,测试结果显示,样品在100-1000Hz频率范围内的平均吸声系数达0.25,并在250-800Hz频率范围内出现了多个共振吸收峰,且实验测得的吸声系数曲线与仿真曲线的趋势有较高的一致性。因此,该样品实现了低频宽带吸声。     

高声压级时多孔金属板的吸声特性研究

针对高声压级下有限厚度多孔金属板在线性阻抗背衬条件下(背衬表面声压与声质点速度为线性关系)的吸声问题,提出了一个描述不同声压级下材料层法向吸声性能的一维模型,并给出求解材料层内部声质点速度的线化与差分方法,以预测多孔金属板在高声压级下的非线性吸声特性。在阻抗管中对两块多孔金属板进行了声学测试,得到了材料层法向表面阻抗和吸声系数随入射声压级变化的实验结果。研究表明:实验与理论预测符合良好,验证了模型与数值方法的正确性。本文所提原理和方法,可用于一般硬质多孔材料。     

穿孔结构前加多孔性材料的复合吸声结构

在以前的工作中,本文作者曾对于甘蔗纤维板穿孔结构前加一层玻璃棉的吸声特性进行过实验测量。这种复合结构的剖面图见图1:多孔材料层厚l,穿孔板厚t,与刚性壁距离L。这种桔构的表面法向声阻抗率Z_s为     

高分子颗粒孔隙结构材料的吸声特性研究

在噪声控制与治理工程中,许多场合了消除由物体表面产生的反射声波,往往需要在物体表面敷设具有吸声性能的材料或结构,以吸收入射声波的声能,本文对一种新型的以高分子材料为基底的颗粒型微孔结构进行了吸声特性研究,首先对颗粒微孔结构的吸声机理进行分析,认为由于受材料自身化学性质与结构特征所决定,这种颗粒微孔结构除了具一般多孔吸声材料的空气粘滞阻力作用吸声外,还存在颗粒材料的内部的弹性弛豫效应吸声,因而吸怕系     

多孔材料传热特性的试验研究

对多孔材料在低温下的传热特性进行了试验研究,试验结果表明在填充多孔材料以后夹板表面低温维持时间明显增加,主要原因是由于多孔材料的参与改变了传热特性,且材料的密度与其传热特性有着密切的关系。在一定范围内,随着多孔材料密度的增大,其传热特性不断增强。     

单片独立的(stand-alone)微穿孔吸声体

在吸声构件中不使用纤维性材料或其他阻尼材料的努力,可追溯到Veliszhanina,S.N.,Rschevkin以及其他如中列举的学者。30年以前,马大猷教授首次提出了可使用于设计及计算的微穿孔吸声构造(MPA)的模型,并做出各种试件。这些成果至今仍然是多种应用的基础。12年来,德国弗劳恩霍夫建筑物理研究所(Fraunhofer Institut fiir Bauphysik)与8个以上工业企业一起合作开发了一系列MPA产品,广泛地应用于市场需要的各个方面。     

含三聚氰胺多孔材料分层复合介质吸声特性*

三聚氰胺泡沫材料是一种具有高开孔率的多孔材料,具备优良的吸音、防火隔热及环保性能,可以作为吸声材料与弹性板、空腔介质形成复合结构,在建筑、航空、交通工具等工程领域有广泛的应用。该文基于Biot理论和分层介质在交界面处的不同边界条件,建立非均匀复合介质背衬刚性壁面结构的理论声学模型,详细分析了多孔材料布局对复合结构吸声特性的影响。该文理论模型计算的结果与阻抗实验得到的垂直入射吸声系数基本一致,验证了理论模型的正确性。结果表明:在多孔材料前面增加空气层可以改善高频吸声特性;在多孔材料后面增加空气层可以改善复合结构低频吸声特性。通过合理配置多孔材料,可以在应用需求频段上达到满意的吸声效果。     

多孔材料强化管内对流换热的数值研究

对多孔材料强化管内换热进行了数值研究,详细讨论了多孔材料厚度(0≤e≤1)和渗透率(10-5≤Da≤10)等参数对管内换热特性和压力损失的影响.结果表明:利用多孔材料调整流场分布,剪薄边界层厚度,能够有效地增强管内换热.当Da=10-4时,管内充分发展Nu数最大能够增至空管时5.5倍左右.但管内压力损失随着多孔材料厚度e的增加或Da数的减小而急剧增大.因此在实际应用中,应采用部分填充多孔材料,文中建议最佳的多孔材料厚度e取O.6左右,此时换热可以得到相当程度的强化,而且压力损失控制在可接受的范围内.     

多孔材料内部结构的微CT扫描仪分析

本文介绍使用微CT扫描仪对样品进行扫描和图像重构的原理,以蛋糕为样品使用CT对多孔材料的内部结构进行研究,包括样品的孔隙率及其变化,水在大孔内的分布,空腔的三维重构图像和样品内部其它微细特征。结果表明, 浸水的样品在干燥后,骨架收缩,部分孔的尺寸明显增大,孔隙率增加,而没有浸水的蛋糕在干燥前后结构变化不大。文章表明,对于孔径大于几十微米的多孔性材料,使用文中的微CT扫描仪可以有效地对它们进行内部结构的研究。     

Use of a hybrid adaptive finite element/modal approach to assess the sound absorption of porous materials with meso-heterogeneities

The paper discusses the sound absorptive performance of a porous material with meso-perforations inserted in a rectangular waveguide using a numerical hybrid adaptive finite element-modal method. Two specific applications are investigated: (i) the improvement of porous materials noise reduction coefficient using meso-perforations (ii) the effects of lateral air gaps on the normal incidence sound absorption of mono-layer and two-layer porous materials. For the first application, a numerical design of experiments is used to optimize the sound performance of a porous material with meso-perforations with a reduced number of numerical simulation. An example in which the optimization process is carried out on the thickness and size of the perforation is presented to illustrate the relevance of the approach. For the second application, a set of twenty fibrous materials spanning a large flow resistivity range is used. Practical charts are proposed to evaluate the influence of air gaps on the average sound absorption performance of porous materials. This is helpful to both the experimenter regarding characterization of porous material based on Standing Wave Tube measurements and for the engineer to quantifying the impact of air gaps and for designing efficient absorbers.     

Multi-levels inverse identification of physical parameters of porous materials

The identification of the physical parameters of porous materials presents an important field of research, in which many identification methods are developed. One of those methods is presented in this paper. In fact, a multi-levels inverse identification method is developed in order to estimate these physical parameters. The proposed method is based on the minimization of the difference between a reference acoustic absorption coefficient of a porous material and the computed values. The minimization is done according three levels, in each level an acoustic model of porous material is used to evaluate one or two parameters. Finally, the five physical parameters of the porous materials are deduced. The proposed method is applied to Polyurethane foam material. The obtained results are satisfying with small values of errors and with estimated acoustic absorption coefficient reaching the reference one.     

Improved sound absorption performance of three-dimensional MPP space sound absorbers by filling with porous materials

Because microperforated panels (MPPs), which can be made from various materials, provide wide-band sound absorption, they are recognized as one of the next-generation absorption materials. Although MPPs are typically placed in front of rigid walls, MPP space sound absorbers without a backing structure, including three-dimensional cylindrical MPP space absorbers (CMSAs) and rectangular MPP space absorbers (RMSAs), are proposed to extend their design flexibility and easy-to-use properties. On the other hand, improving the absorption performance by filling the back cavity of typical MPP absorbers with porous materials has been shown theoretically, and three-dimensional MPP space absorbers should display similar improvements. Herein the effects of porous materials inserted into the cavities of CMSAs and RMSAs are experimentally investigated and a numerical prediction method using the two-dimensional boundary element method is proposed. Consequently, CMSAs and RMSAs with improved absorption performances are illustrated based on the experimental results, and the applicability of the proposed prediction method as a design tool is confirmed by comparing the experimental and numerical results.     

Evaluation of the acoustic and non-acoustic properties of sound absorbing materials using a three-microphone impedance tube

This paper presents a straightforward application of an indirect method based on a three-microphone impedance tube setup to determine the non-acoustic properties of a sound absorbing porous material. First, a three-microphone impedance tube technique is used to measure some acoustic properties of the material (i.e., sound absorption coefficient, sound transmission loss, effective density and effective bulk modulus) regarded here as an equivalent fluid. Second, an indirect characterization allows one to extract its non-acoustic properties (i.e., static airflow resistivity, tortuosity, viscous and thermal characteristic lengths) from the measured effective properties and the material open porosity. The procedure is applied to four different sound absorbing materials and results of the characterization are compared with existing direct and inverse methods. Predictions of the acoustic behavior using an equivalent fluid model and the found non-acoustic properties are in good agreement with impedance tube measurements.     

Defect modes properties in periodic lossy multilayer containing negative index materials with symmetric and asymmetric geometric structures

In this paper, the characteristic matrix method is used to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves through one-dimensional lossy photonic crystals composed of negative and positive refractive index material layers with symmetric and asymmetric geometric structures with a defect layer at the center of the structure. First, the positive index material defect layer is considered, and the effects of the polarization and the angle of incidence on the defect mode in the transmission spectra of the both structures are investigated. The results show that the number of the defect modes in the transmission spectra depends on the geometry (symmetric or asymmetric) of the structure. In addition, it is shown that the defect mode frequency increases as the angle of incidence increases. This property is independent of the geometry of the structure. Then, for normal incidence, the negative index material defect layer is considered, and the properties of defect modes for both structures are investigated. The results can lead to designing new types of transmission narrow filters.     

Sound field of a baffled sound source covered by an anisotropic rigid-porous material

A theoretical approach for the sound field of a piston sound source covered by a finite thickness layer of anisotropic rigid-porous material is presented. The formulation is an extension of the method worked out by Amedin et al. [Sound field of a baffled piston source covered by a porous medium layer. J Acoust Soc Am 1995;98(3):1757]. First, in the present study the sound field of a point source is described by cylindrical waves. Then, with the proper boundary conditions, the sound pressure radiated from a piston source covered by a layer of anisotropic porous material can be calculated. The effects of frequency and bulk density of material on the sound propagation in an anisotropic porous material are studied. Finally, the effect of anisotropy is discussed.     

Applicability of locally reacting boundary conditions to porous material layer backed by rigid wall: Wave-based numerical study in non-diffuse sound field with unevenly distributed sound absorbing surfaces

To clarify the applicability of locally reacting boundary conditions in wave-based numerical analyses of sound fields in rooms, we numerically analyzed a non-diffuse sound field in a room with unevenly distributed sound absorbing surfaces and investigated the differences between the extended and local reactions. Each absorbing surface was a porous material layer backed by a rigid wall. Simulations were performed by the fast multipole boundary element method, a highly efficient boundary element method using the fast multipole method. At low frequencies, the extended and local reactions yielded similar reverberation decay curves because of the influence of the room. However, when the random incidence absorption coefficients were small at low frequencies or frequencies were high, the difference was greater than expected from the corresponding Eyring decay lines. We conclude at high frequencies, the locally reacting boundary conditions lead to a longer reverberation time than that expected from the absorption coefficient differences between the extended and local reactions. These differences were similar in sound-pressure-level and sound-intensity-level distributions, and in the oblique incidence absorption coefficient of the absorbing surfaces, but were increased at low frequencies.