聚乙烯醇聚离子复合物膜对95%乙醇脱水的红外光谱研究

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)聚离子复合物(PIC)膜在95%乙醇中浸泡48 h,在20~120℃(间隔20℃)下测定吸水后PIC膜的红外光谱,分析了3000 cm-1以上羟基伸缩振动基频随温度的变化情况,探讨了水与PIC膜中羟基的氢键作用。由于羟基谱带在3000 cm-1以上重叠比较严重,结合1000~1700 cm-1水与PIC膜中离子键之间的静电作用,采用二维相关分析提高光谱分辨率,定性地描述了95%乙醇中水与PIC膜之间的结合方式。结果表明:>3000 cm-1羟基的重叠谱带得到了分辨,证明了水与膜内羟基缔合优先吸附渗透,随温度变化早于膜内羟基自缔合被解吸与乙醇分离;确认了水和PIC膜内聚电解质基的吸收,证明了水与聚电解质基团靠静电作用被吸附,随温度升高被解吸与乙醇分离。为PIC膜对95%乙醇脱水分离性能研究提供了一种新方法。     

二维红外相关分析对乙二醇在邻甲酚环氧体系中的扩散过程的研究

应用时间分辨的傅立叶变换ATR红外光谱技术跟踪乙二醇在以苯乙酸酯化酚醛树脂固化的邻甲酚环氧树脂体系(EPP)的扩散行为.对3700～3000 cm^-1区间的羟基峰的二维相关分析结果表明:乙二醇在扩散过程中与环氧体系的网络形成两种不同状态的羟基,一种弱氢键的形式,一种强氢键的形式,而弱氢键较容易扩散进入邻甲酚环氧体系的网络结构.并通过非线性拟合求得扩散系数.     

水/TX-100/正己醇/正辛烷反相微乳液的物化性质

运用微量热计（Microcalorimeter）,傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）,对水／TX-100／正己醇／正辛烷反相微乳液体系的形成过程及水的微结构进行了研究．微量热结果表明该反相微乳液的形成过程为一放热过程,且为两步反应．第一步为TX-100单体中的聚氧乙烯醚键与水分子形成氢键的过程,然后是“包裹”在反相胶束中的聚氧乙烯醚键与H2O分子形成氢键的过程,这两步反应之间存在时间差,焓变在该反相微乳液的形成过程中起着主要作用．含水量不同时,体系分别形成结合水、束缚水和自由水,并用FT-IR对此加以证实,FT-IR测试结果表明结合水、束缚水和自由水羟基吸收峰分别位于3400±20cm-1、3550±20cm-1、3220±20cm-1,在反相微乳液中脂肪醚位于比芳基醚大的极性区域,因而先于芳基醚与水作用形成氢键．     

共聚焦拉曼光谱研究过饱和硝酸铵液滴中NH4+, NO3- 和H2O之间的相互作用

将硝酸铵液滴沉积在石英基底上,通过降低该液滴周围环境的相对湿度,测定了该液滴由低浓度直至过饱和状态下高信噪比的拉曼光谱.其中,相对湿度的变化可以精确控制液滴浓度的改变.在相对湿度(RH)由72.1%降低至37.9%的过程中,硝酸铵液滴v1-NO-3峰位保持在1048cm-1,半峰宽为10cm-1.该现象表明NO-3周围的水分子被NH4+取代后不会对v1-NO-3造成影响,说明水分子和NH4+所形成的氢键具有相同的强度.对2500-4000cm-1范围内的拉曼光谱进行成分分析,2890、3090、3140、3220、3402及3507cm-1分别被指认为NH+4伞状弯曲振动的泛频、NH+4伞状弯曲振动与摇摆振动的组合谱带、NH+4的对称伸缩振动、NH+4的反对称伸缩振动、水峰中强氢键成分和弱氢键成分.从拟合结果得出:强氢键在氢键结构中所占百分含量随液滴相对湿度的降低而减少,弱氢键所占百分含量随液滴相对湿度的降低而增加.该变化趋势是NO-3和NH+4之间复杂相互作用的结果.     

含水离子液体/金属界面结构的SERS研究

利用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)研究了不同含水量下离子液体及水分子在银电极上随电位变化吸附方式的改变,通过水的O-H伸缩振动谱峰频率变化特征,详细探究了水在离子液体/电极界面上的存在形式及作用方式以及体系零电荷电位与水含量的关系.水含量较低时O-H伸缩振动的Stark系数值较低,随水含量的增加O-H伸缩振动的谱峰位置逐渐向高波数方向移动,同时O-H伸缩振动的Stark系数也逐渐增大,1molL-1[BMIM]Br水溶液中达到76cm-1V-1,且体系的零电荷电位正移,这些差异与水在离子液体中所形成氢键的程度及水分子的存在形式密切相关,在水的含量较低时水与离子液体阳离子通过氢键作用而存在于界面层中,当水的含量增加时,水分子间氢键的作用增强,水与电极表面直接作用的可能性增大.     

丁基黄药在CuO表面吸附的二维连续在线原位ATR-FTIR光谱研究

运用连续在线原位衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)技术测定了纳米CuO表面对丁基黄药的吸附行为.在FTIR谱图中发现有峰的红移现象,吸收峰由1200 cm-1偏移到1193 cm-1,用超纯去离子水脱附,峰强度只有微小的变化,可判断丁基黄药在CuO表面发生了很强的化学吸附.通过对吸附行为进行二维(2D)红外光谱分析,分辨出吸附过程中光谱强度的变化顺序.二维异步相关光谱测定结果表明,1265 cm-1处振动吸收峰最先引起光谱强度的变化,1265 cm-1处吸收峰可归因为表面反应生成的双黄药和黄药分子聚集体的复合峰.根据1200 cm-1处黄药特征吸收峰强度的变化,进行吸附动力学模拟,得出CuO对丁基黄药的最大吸附量为529 mg·g-1,且吸附符合拟二级吸附动力学过程.     

二维红外光谱法分析纤维素

采用二维红外光谱法分析纤维素。在293~393K范围内,分别测定脱脂棉纤维的一维红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱和去卷积红外光谱。结果表明:脱脂棉纤维中的α-纤维素在559cm-1有一个的红外特征吸收峰,β-纤维素在893,1 206,1 235cm-1处有红外特征吸收峰;随测定温度的升高,559cm-1处红外吸收强度降低,893,1 206,1 235cm-1处红外吸收强度增加。进一步采用二维红外光谱研究温度对于脱脂棉纤维结构的影响,结果表明:随测定温度的升高,脱脂棉纤维红外特征吸收峰强度增加的顺序为893cm-11 235cm-11 206cm-1559cm-1。     

水/TX-100/正己醇/正辛烷反相微乳液中水的微环境研究

运用傅立叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴ－ＩＲ）对水／ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００／正己醇／正辛烷反相微乳液体系中水的微结构进行了研究,结果表明,随着体系加水量的增加,水分子中Ｏ－Ｈ伸缩振动的红外光谱强度在３３６０ｃｍ－１附近增加,而醚上的Ｃ－Ｏ－Ｃ反对称伸缩振动峰则向低频移动,差谱处理后为负峰,对３０３５－３７００ｃｍ－１范围内水分子的羟基伸缩振动峰进行曲线拟合后得到三个子峰,分别位于３５５０±２０ｃｍ－１,３４００±２０ｃｍ－１,３２２０±２０ｃｍ－１,对应着束缚水、结合水、自由水的微环境,并用染料探针对水的微环境加以研究。正己醇的羟基伸缩振动峰无变化说明正己醇在该反相微乳液中与水作用很弱,主要位于反相微乳液的栅状层中。并用电子显微镜对反相微乳液进行了观察。     

生物滤池中生物膜和出水悬浮物的元素分析和红外光谱比较

对生物滤池中不同高度的生物膜和出水悬浮物的碳氢氮三元素和红外光谱进行了分析比较.元素分析结果表明,悬浮物的无机成份比生物膜高.悬浮物和生物膜的红外吸收光谱图主要由蛋白质的吸收带、碳水化合物的吸收带组成.1655 cm-1处的吸收峰为酰胺Ⅰ带,是C=O的伸缩振动,1542 cm-1的吸收峰是酰胺Ⅱ带,是N-H的弯曲振动和C-N的伸缩振动,1240 cm-1是酰胺Ⅲ带,是C-N的伸缩振动和N-H的弯曲振动引起的.1460 cm-1处的吸收峰为CH3和CH2的弯曲振动峰.悬浮物的蛋白质特征峰强度比生物膜低,而1050cm-1处的吸收峰强度比生物膜大.     

应用红外光谱研究脱灰对伊敏褐煤结构的影响

对伊敏褐煤的原煤和脱灰煤进行了红外光谱分析,并通过分段分峰拟合分析了脱灰前后伊敏煤结构的变化。结果表明,脱灰处理对煤中有机结构会产生一定影响。对脂氢和羟基氢键有机结构影响较小,脱灰后,脂氢结构中CH2不对称伸缩振动没有变化,CH伸缩振动明显减少,而CH2对称伸缩振动和CH3不对称伸缩振动略有增加;羟基氢键结构中羟基N羟基、自缔合羟基氢键以及羟基π氢键的强度有所降低,而环氢键和羟基醚氢键的吸收强度有所增加;对芳香结构和含氧官能团的影响较大,芳香结构由原煤中的苯环三取代占主导地位转变为脱灰煤中的苯环三和四取代;含氧官能团中烷基醚和脂肪羧酸脱灰后吸收峰的强度明显减弱,这是由于水解反应导致的,而酚羟基和羧酸脱灰后吸收强度明显增强。     

高岭石-水体系中水分子结构的分子动力学模拟

以Hendricks模型为初始结构, 利用CLAYFF力场对高岭石-水体系进行无晶体学限制的分子动力学模拟. 结果表明, 层间水有三种类型: I型类似于Costanzo提出的“洞水”分子, 其HH矢量(水分子中从一个氢原子位置指向另一个氢原子位置的方向矢量)平行于(001)平面, 而C2轴稍微倾斜于(001)面法线; II型类似于“连接水”, 一个氢氧键指向临近的层间四面体氧形成氢键, 另一个氢氧键与(001)面近似平行; III型水分子在层间近似保持为竖直状, 一个氢与层间四面体氧形成氢键, 而另一个氢与对面层的羟基氧形成氢键. 高岭石羟基氢沿(001)晶面法线的浓度曲线显示一部分羟基指向变为近似平行于(001)面, 羟基氧因此能够暴露出来与层间水分子氢形成氢键. 此外, 模拟中还观察到部分II型水分子氧偏离于层间的平均位置而更靠近四面体层, 这和Costanzo的实验结果一致, 可能是X射线谱图中(002)弱衍射峰出现的原因.     

Ions in water: the microscopic structure of concentrated NaOH solutions

A neutron diffraction experiment with isotopic H/D substitution on four concentrated NaOH/H(2)O solutions is presented. The full set of partial structure factors is extracted, by combining the diffraction data with a Monte Carlo simulation. These allow to investigate both the changes of the water structure in the presence of ions and their solvation shells. It is found that the interaction with the solute affects the tetrahedral network of hydrogen bonded water molecules in a manner similar to the application of high pressure to pure water. The solvation shell of the OH(-) ions has an almost concentration independent structure, although with concentration dependent coordination numbers. The hydrogen site coordinates a water molecule through a weak bond, while the oxygen site forms strong hydrogen bonds with a number of molecules that is on the average very close to four at the higher water concentrations and decreases to about three at the lowest one. The competition between hydrogen bond interaction and Coulomb forces in determining the orientation of water molecules within the cation solvation shell is visible in the behavior of the g(NaHw)(r) function     

Pd催化甲醇裂解制氢的反应机理

基于密度泛函理论(DFT), 研究了甲醇在Pd(111)面上首先发生O—H键断裂的反应历程(CH3OH(s)→CH3O(s)+H(s)→CH2O(s)+2H(s)→CHO(s)+3H(s)→CO(s)+4H(s)). 优化了裂解过程中各反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型, 获得了反应路径上各物种的吸附能及各基元反应的活化能数据. 另外, 对甲醇发生C—O键断裂生成CH3(s)和OH(s)的分解过程也进行了模拟计算. 计算结果表明, O—H键的断裂(活化能为103.1 kJ·mol-1)比C—O键的断裂(活化能为249.3 kJ·mol-1)更容易; 甲醇在Pd(111)面上裂解的主要反应历程是: 甲醇首先发生O—H键的断裂, 生成甲氧基中间体(CH3O(s)), 然后甲氧基中间体再逐步脱氢生成CO(s)和H(s). 甲醇发生O—H键断裂的活化能为103.1 kJ·mol-1, 甲氧基上脱氢的活化能为106.7 kJ·mol-1, 两者均有可能是整个裂解反应的速控步骤.     

THE SOLID STATE LUMINESCENCE OF ESTROGENS

Abstract. The luminescent behavior of certain estrogens in the solid state is discussed. Spectra of solid films of estradiol and estriol are red shifted compared to that in liquid solutions with estriol shifted to a lesser extent. The red shifts are attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding, this conclusion being based on IR spectra and X-ray data. The calculated distance over which hydrogen bonding takes place is 2.755 Å in estradiol and 2.638 Å in estriol. The increased shift in the spectrum of estradiol is believed to be due to an additional hydrogen bond with a water molecule present in the solid film (O—O distance 2.793 Å). In estrone the weak fluorescence present in liquid solution is absent in solid film, in contrast to 3-desoxyestrone where fluorescence is preserved. Out of three possible forms of crystalline estrone only two can form hydrogen bonds, based on O-O distance calculations. In equilenin, which is highly fluorescent in liquid solution, no fluorescence is detected in solid film. This again is attributed to hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group of the β-naphtholic chromophore and the carbonyl group in the C(17) position. Dihydroequilenin which lacks the carbonyl group and equilenin dissolved in a host crystal retain their fluorescence.     

Effect of the Hydration Shell on the Carbonyl Vibration in the Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu Peptide

The vibrational spectrum of the Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu peptide in solution, computed from first-principles simulations, shows a prominent band in the amide I region that is assigned to stretching of carbonyl groups. Close inspection reveals combined but slightly different contributions by the three carbonyl groups of the peptide. The shift in their exact vibrational signature is in agreement with the different probabilities of these groups to form hydrogen bonds with the solvent. The central carbonyl group has a hydrogen bond probability intermediate to the other two groups due to interchanges between different hydrogen-bonded states. Analysis of the interaction energies of individual water molecules with that group shows that shifts in its frequency are directly related to the interactions with the water molecules in the first hydration shell. The interaction strength is well correlated with the hydrogen bond distance and hydrogen bond angle, though there is no perfect match, allowing geometrical criteria for hydrogen bonds to be used as long as the sampling is sufficient to consider averages. The hydrogen bond state of a carbonyl group can therefore serve as an indicator of the solvent’s effect on the vibrational frequency.     

Complexes of atmospheric alpha-dicarbonyls with water: FTIR matrix isolation and theoretical study

The complexes of glyoxal (Gly), methylglyoxal (MGly), and diacetyl (DAc) with water have been studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) matrix isolation spectroscopy and MP2 calculations with 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis set. The analysis of the experimental spectra of the Gly(MGly,DAc)/H2O/Ar matrixes indicates formation of one Gly...H2O complex, three MGly...H2O complexes, and two DAc...H2O ones. All the complexes are stabilized by the O-H...O(C) hydrogen bond between the water molecule and carbonyl oxygen as evidenced by the strong perturbation of the O-H, C=O stretching vibrations. The blue shift of the CH stretching vibration in the Gly...H2O complex and in two MGly...H2O ones suggests that these complexes are additionally stabilized by the improper C-H...O(H2) hydrogen bonding. The theoretical calculations confirm the experimental findings. They evidence the stability of three hydrogen-bonded Gly...H2O and DAc...H2O complexes and six MGly...H2O ones stabilized by the O-H...O(C) hydrogen bond. The calculated vibrational frequencies and geometrical parameters indicate that one DAc..H2O complexes, two Gly...H2O, and three MGly...H2O ones are additionally stabilized by the improper hydrogen bonding between the C-H group and water oxygen. The comparison of the theoretical frequencies with the experimental ones allowed us to attribute the calculated structures to the complexes present in the matrixes.     

Electronic state of small and large cavities for methane hydrate

It is well known that methane hydrate is aggregates of small and large hydrogen bonded water cavities (composed of 12 pentagonal faces of 20 water molecules, and 12 pentagonal and two hexagonal faces of 24 water molecules, respectively) where one methane molecule is encaged. We calculated the methane molecule in vacuum, the small and large cavities by ab initio MO method to clarify the electronic state. The proton of methane in the cavities is shown to form the weak hydrogen bond (O...H[bond]C) between methane and four water molecules, and the H-bond lengths and energies in the small and large cavities were estimated as (0.293 nm, 6.8 kJ/mol) and (0.309 nm, 5.2 kJ/mol), respectively. The calculated values of symmetric C[bond]H stretching frequencies and (13)C-NMR chemical shieldings of the methane in the two cluster cavities show good agreement with the experimental ones observed by Sum et al. and Ripmeester and coworker, respectively.     

OH⋅⋅⋅N and CH⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bonds Control Hydration of Pivotal Tropane Alkaloids: Tropinone⋅⋅⋅H2O Complex

The effect of monohydration in equatorial/axial isomerism of the common motif of tropane alkaloids is investigated in a supersonic expansion by using Fourier‐transform microwave spectroscopy. The rotational spectrum reveals the equatorial isomer as the dominant species in the tropinone???H₂O complex. The monohydrated complex is stabilized primarily by a moderate O?H???N hydrogen bond. In addition, two C?H???O weak hydrogen bonds also support this structure, blocking the water molecule and avoiding any molecular dynamics in the complex. The water molecule acts as proton donor and chooses the ternary amine group over the carbonyl group as a proton acceptor. The experimental work is supported by theoretical calculations; the accuracy of the B3LYP, M06‐2X, and MP2 methods is also discussed.     

Structure and dynamics of methanol in water: a quantum mechanical charge field molecular dynamics study

An ab initio quantum mechanical charge field molecular dynamics simulation was carried out for one methanol molecule in water to analyze the structure and dynamics of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. It is found that water molecules around the methyl group form a cage-like structure whereas the hydroxyl group acts as both hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, thus forming several hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The dynamic analyses correlate well with the structural data, evaluated by means of radial distribution functions, angular distribution functions, and coordination number distributions. The overall ligand mean residence time, τ identifies the methanol molecule as structure maker. The relative dynamics data of hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl of methanol and water molecules prove the existence of both strong and weak hydrogen bonds. The results obtained from the simulation are in excellent agreement with the experimental results for dilute solution of CH(3)OH in water. The overall hydration shell of methanol consists in average of 18 water molecules out of which three are hydrogen bonded.     

Catalytic carbonyl Z-dienylation via multicomponent reductive coupling of acetylene to aldehydes and alpha-ketoesters mediated by hydrogen: Carbonyl insertion into cationic rhodacyclopentadienes

Exposure of aldehydes or alpha-ketoesters to equal volumes of acetylene and hydrogen gas at ambient temperature and pressure in the presence of cationic rhodium catalysts provides products of carbonyl Z-butadienylation, which arise via multicomponent coupling of four molecules: two molecules of acetylene, a molecule of vicinal dicarbonyl compound, and a molecule of elemental hydrogen. The collective data suggest a catalytic mechanism involving carbonyl insertion into a cationic rhodacyclopentadiene intermediate derived via oxidative dimerization of acetylene. Hydrogenolytic cleavage of the resulting oxarhodacycloheptadiene via formal sigma-bond metathesis provides the product of carbonyl addition and cationic rhodium(I) to close the catalytic cycle. Studies involving the hydrogenation of 1,6-diyne 14a in the presence of alpha-ketoester 6a corroborate the proposed catalytic mechanism. These multicomponent couplings represent the first use of acetylene gas, a basic chemical feedstock, in metal-catalyzed reductive C-C bond formation.