ICP-MS/ICP-AES测定小麦穗离体培养籽粒营养元素及重金属含量

环境中重金属污染会导致谷物营养缺乏、代谢紊乱.借助ICP-MS/ICP-AES系统和离体穗培养方法,准确测定灌浆期不同浓度铜、镉(0,5,15,45 mg·L-1)处理对籽粒营养元素及重金属元素含量的影响.结果显示,不司浓度铜、镉处理显著降低小麦粒重;外源铜促进了籽粒P,K,Mg,Ca,Na,Mn和Zn含量的增加,抑制了 Fe和B的吸收.镉的加入对小麦籽粒P,K,Ca,Mg和Mn的吸收起促进作用,然而对Na,Fe,Zn和B的吸收起拮抗作用.外源铜、镉抑制小麦籽粒对Hg的积累,但籽粒Cu和Cd含量最高分别超过国家食品卫生标准的55和62倍,存在极大安全隐患.     

Elemental micro-imaging and quantification of human substantia nigra using synchrotron radiation based x-ray fluorescence--in relation to Parkinson's disease

Synchrotron radiation based x-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) was applied to the quantitative evaluation of elemental changes in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in Parkinson's disease (PD) in the framework of a study on the role of chemical elements in the pathophysiology of PD. The analysis was carried out for dopaminergic nerve cells and extraneuronal spaces. The mass fractions of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br and Rb were determined. The application of standard samples developed especially for the determination of elemental mass fractions in thin tissue sections using the SRXRF technique is presented. Two-dimensional maps of elemental distribution show that the location of nerve cells in SNc sections is precisely visualized by the high levels of most elements. It was found that statistically significant differences between control and PD neurons are observed for S (p = 0.04), Cl (p = 0.02), Ca (p = 0.08), Fe (p = 0.04) and Zn (p = 0.04). The mass fractions of P (p = 0.08), S (p = 0.07), Cl (p = 0.04), Zn (p = 0.08) and Rb (p = 0.08) in areas outside the nerve cell bodies differed significantly between PD and control groups. A clear cluster separation between the PD nerve cells and neurons representing the control group was noticed. It was found that Cl, Fe, Ca and Zn are the most significant elements in the general discrimination between PD nerve cells and the control. The comparison between the extraneuronal spaces showed that Cl, Fe and Cu differentiate the PD and control group the most. The evident contribution of chemical elements to the pathophysiology of PD was shown.     

同步辐射XRF法分析温室油菜中微量元素的分布

蔬菜是补充人体微量元素的重要途径,但是蔬菜不同部位、特别是温室蔬菜不同部位各种元素的分配目前还没有研究清楚。利用同步辐射XRF法测定了温室油菜中各种微量元素中的分配情况。研究结果表明温室油菜中含有许多人体必需的微量元素,特别是Ca,Mn,Fe,Cu和Zn;但是不同的元素在叶片和根系的不同部位含量有所差异,总体上油菜根系中K,Ca和Mg的含量显著高于叶片,叶片中Fe,Zn,Co,Ni和Cu的含量则高于根系,其中侧根中的各种元素含量均很低。K,Ca和Co在叶片中间位置含量较高,由边缘向中部含量逐渐增加;Cu,Mn,Fe和Ni含量由叶片基部到叶尖处含量逐渐增高;Zn总体含量也比较均匀。在主根中各种元素普遍表现为根基部向根尖呈现先上升再降低的规律,根系中间部位各元素含量高,且普遍表现为根基部的含量要高于根尖处的含量。     

原子吸收光谱法测定茯苓中微量元素的含量

研究了汉中两个地区茯苓中的微量元素含量。湿法消解(HNO3)茯苓样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测茯苓中的Ca、Mg、Na、Cu、Fe、Mn、K、Zn含量,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定茯苓中Pb、Cd二种重金属。茯苓中K含量最高,其次是Mg、Ca、Fe。除K外,汉中勉县茯苓中的微量元素含量普遍高于洋县。重金属测定结果表明,两地茯苓中重金属含量均未超出国家规定。本实验为进一步研究茯苓的药理活性提供了一定的基础。     

荆芥不同器官在不同采收时间的ICP-AES矿质元素分析

各种矿质元素在荆芥各器官间贮藏差异。从矿质元素角度了解荆芥合理的药用部位组成以及收时间。应用ICP-AES技术,测定并分析了在不同采收时间,荆芥的不同器官矿质元素含量、累积量和比例。结果显示, 在不同采收时间,(1)荆芥穗中常量矿质元素K, P和微量矿质元素Cu含量最高,荆芥叶中常量元素Mg, Ca, Na和微量元素Fe, Mn, Zn含量最高。(2)荆芥不同器官所含常量元素中Ca和K含量最高,Na含量最低;所含微量元素中Fe含量最高,Mo含量最低。(3)在荆芥茎中,K∶P最高,而Zn∶Cu则为最低;Ca∶Mg和Fe∶Mn在荆芥穗中最低。(4)随着采收时间的推移,各元素在荆芥不同器官中的含量变化并不显著。荆芥茎中各矿质元素含量均较低; 从矿质元素含量的角度看,在合理的采收时间范围内,荆芥的质量受时间影响不显著。     

原子吸收光谱测定刺五加中金属元素的含量

用原子吸收光谱法测定了刺五加根、茎、叶中Ca、Cu、Mg、Fe、Zn、K、Mn、Na等8种矿物质元素的含量,并对其结果进行了分析比较,以此研究了这8种金属元素在刺五加体内的分布。结果显示：各元素在实验范围内,线性关系良好,加标回收率在99%—109.6%之间,相对标准偏差为0.2%—1.8%。刺五加中不同部位的这8种元素间存在显著差异,根中Ca〉Mg〉K〉Fe〉Na〉Mn〉Zn〉Cu,其叶中的含量以K为高,而且各部位均有较高的Ca、Cu、Mg、Fe、Zn、K、Mn、Na。从微量元素的角度分析,刺五加的根、茎、叶均有一定的应用价值。     

微波消解ICP-AES测定新疆和田大蓟多种微量元素

采用微波消解,用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定新疆和田大蓟中Al、Ba、Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Na、Li、Zn、Mn、P、S等多种微量元素,Pb、Hg、Cd含量极低或未检出,方法的检出限为0.002-0.213μg·mL-1,加标回收率为90.0％-105.0％.     

ICP-AES法测定砖茶中多种生命元素

建立了用ICP-AES法分析砖茶中Ca,Mg,K,Al,P,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn等9种生命元素的方法,相对标准偏差在2.11%～8.68% 之间,标准物质的测定结果满意,方法简便可靠。对砖茶中9种元素分析结果与普通茶叶作了比较分析, 结果表明砖茶中P,Zn,K,Cu的含量均低于普通茶叶,分别只有普通茶叶的48.70%,78.19%,85.68%和98.78%,而Al,Fe,Mn,Ca,Mg的含量均高于普通茶叶,分别是普通茶叶的5.78,3.26,2.19,2.11和1.64倍。文章为研究砖茶中生命元素对饮茶型氟中毒的影响因素提供了大量有益的参考数据。     

治疗胆石症蒙药苏斯—12中多种元素的ICP-AES法测定及分析

通过分析治疗胆囊炎、胆石症的蒙药苏斯—12中微量元素含量,探讨蒙药苏斯—12的药效与微量元素含量的关系。应用高压密封微波消解、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对蒙药苏斯—12进行微量元素含量分析。在蒙药的配制及整体研究工作中发现它们含有多种氨基酸和丰富的微量元素,实验结果表明：苏斯—12中含有丰富的微量元素,尤其Ca,Al,Mg,Fe,Sr,Mn,Zn,Cu等元素的含量比较高,而Pb,Cd,As等元素含量相对低,都低于国家限定值。加标回收率在94.63%～106.40% 之间,相对标准偏差RSD≤3.35 %,检出限在≤0.009 μg·L-1。蒙药苏斯—12有效控制和治疗胆囊炎、胆石症,总有效率达91.2%和100%,蒙药苏斯—12中的微量元素与药效之间有密切的关系。     

Accumulation of minor and trace elements in lichens in and around Kolkata,India: an application of X‐ray fluorescence technique to air pollution monitoring

A recent environmental survey has listed Kolkata, a megacity in Eastern India, as one of the most polluted cities in the world. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have resulted in an alarming increase in the level of air pollution in the city. Epiphytic lichens have extensively been used worldwide as bioindicators of environmental quality. They are very responsive to environmental stressors, especially gaseous pollutants and particulates including trace elements and heavy metals. This work describes application of energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, a fast multi‐elemental analytical technique, for estimating concentration of trace elements of lichen samples collected from sites in and around Kolkata. The results indicate that the samples from sites burdened with heavy vehicular load together with pollution from various industries and factories have significantly higher concentration of elements such as S, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni and Pb as compared to those collected from sites having less or no load. Remarkable seasonal variation is also noted in the concentration of the elements such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synchrotron X‐ray microfluorescence measurement of metal distributions in Phragmites australis root system in the Yangtze River intertidal zone

This study investigates the distributions of Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, K, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ti, V and Zn in Phragmites australis root system and the function of Fe nanoparticles in scavenging metals in the root epidermis using synchrotron X‐ray microfluorescence, synchrotron transmission X‐ray microscope measurement and synchrotron X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure techniques. The purpose of this study is to understand the mobility of metals in wetland plant root systems after their uptake from rhizosphere soils. Phragmites australis samples were collected in the Yangtze River intertidal zone in July 2013. The results indicate that Fe nanoparticles are present in the root epidermis and that other metals correlate significantly with Fe, suggesting that Fe nanoparticles play an important role in metal scavenging in the epidermis.     

应用ICP-MS测定不同种类蜂蜜中的微量元素和重金属

蜂蜜含有丰富的人体必需的微量元素,但是不同品种蜂蜜间微量元素的含量差别研究较少。应用ICP-MS分析了不同蜂蜜种类中微量元素和重金属的含量。结果表明蜂蜜中含有丰富的Ca,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu,Se和Mo等微量元素,不同品种间差别较大。所测定的六种蜂蜜中Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Se和Mo含量最高的分别是枣花蜜、枸杞蜜、苦瓜蜜、苦瓜蜜、荔枝蜜、荔枝蜜和枸杞蜜,达到了132.79, 24.38, 4.60 μg·g-1·FW, 2 930.10, 480.02, 29.39和3.45 ng·g-1·FW。各种蜂蜜中重金属的含量较少,As和Pb的含量在30 ng·g-1·FW以下,Hg, Cd和Cr的含量更低,在10 ng·g-1·FW以下,且品种间差别不大。说明蜂蜜营养丰富,食用安全性高,但是不同人群应当根据需要选择适合自己的品种。     

赣南柿子中钙、镁、铁、铜、锰和锌的测定

测定赣南柿子中钙、镁、铁、铜、锰、锌的含量,为进一步开发提供科学依据.采用微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定赣南柿子中微量元素Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn的含量.赣南柿子中Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn的含量分别为2097.286、587.481、214.762、909.297、17.159、28.658μg·g-...     

ICP-AES测定7种花茶中8种微量元素的含量和溶出率

采用微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定了金银花、玫瑰茄、玉蝴蝶、仙人草、菊花、薰衣草、腊梅等7种花茶中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd和Pb等元素的含量及其溶出率。结果表明,花茶中Fe含量较高,重金属Cr、Cd和Pb含量普遍较低,花茶中Cu、Zn、Mn和Ni的溶出率相对较高,Fe的溶出率较低,有害的重金属Cd、Pb和Cr的溶出率很低,此测定结果可为探讨花茶的保健作用与微量元素的相关性提供科学数据。     

安徽茶园茶叶中四种大量元素和七种微量元素的含量分析及生物富集研究

主要采用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定了安徽茶园茶叶中四种大量元素(Ca,K,Mg,P)和七种微量元素(Al,Mn,Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd 和Pb)含量,并进行了生物富集分析。结果表明,嫩叶中Ca,K,Mg 和 P的含量最高(Ⅰ, >3.0 mg·g-1),Al,Mn,Zn 和 Fe的含量次之(Ⅱ, 0.2～3.0 mg·g-1),Cu,Pb 和 Cd的含量最低(Ⅲ, <0.05 mg·g-1);而老叶中含量最高的是Ca,K,Mg 和Al(Ⅰ, >3.0 mg·g-1),P,Mn,Zn 和 Fe的含量次之(Ⅱ, 0.2～3.0 mg·g-1),Cu,Pb 和 Cd的含量最低(Ⅲ, <0.05 mg·g-1)。其中,P和Mn是茶叶中富集能力最强的;此外,Cu, Pb和Cd的含量低于相关的限量标准。聚类分析结果表明舒茶早和龙井43两个品种之间矿质元素的组成没有显著性的差异。     

微波消解-FAAS测定皖南茶园土壤中矿质元素含量

采用微波消解-FAAS测定了皖南休宁县茶园不同深度土壤中的矿质元素Cu、Cd、Mn、Zn、Fe、Pb的含量,分析了不同深度土壤中矿质元素的分布特征,结果表明,皖南土壤中矿质元素Cu、Cd、Mn、Zn、Pb 5元素含量随土壤深度呈递减趋势,土壤表层的矿质元素(Cu、Cd、Mn、Zn、Pb)含量高于深层的,这与施肥有关,土...     

金（山）银花药材中15种金属元素的测定

为比较金银花、山银花中金属元素的含量是否存在差异,用王水对金银花、山银花进行消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了它们中Na、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Co、Cr、Ni、Mn、Sn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Ag、Au等金属元素的含量.发现金银花、山银花中Na、Ca、Fe、Ni、Mn元素含量差异较大,他们所含的重金属元素超标.     

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Comparative Quantitative Analysis of Betel Leaves from Pakistan

Laser induced breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for the elemental analysis and exposure of the heavy metals in betel leaves in air. Pulsed Nd∶YAG (1064 nm) in conjunction with a suitable detector (LIBS 2000+, Ocean Optics, Inc) having the optical resolution of 0.06 nm was used to record the emission spectra from 220 to 720 nm. Elements like Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, P, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn were found to present in the samples. The relative abundances of the observed elements were calculated through standard calibration curve method, integrated intensity ratio method, and weight percentage LIBS approach. LIBS findings were validated by comparing its results with the results obtained using a typical analytical technique of Inductively Coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Limit of detection (LOD) of the LIBS system was also estimated for heavy metals. The experience gain through this work implies that LIBS could be highly applicable for testing the quality and purity of food products.     

ICP-AES法分析灵芝中的微量元素

采用湿法消解,ICP-AES法分析不同原料的两种灵芝子实体、灵芝子实体根部、灵芝混合物、灵芝破壁与不破壁孢子粉中的20种微量元素,Al,As,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Ce,Hg,K,Mg,Mn,Na,Ni,P,Pb,S,Se,Zn的含量.结果表明:不同灵芝样品中的矿物元素含量很丰富,其中元素K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,P,S含量较高,主要存在的微量元素有:Cu,CO,Cr,Ni;具有潜在生理毒性的元素为Al,As,Hg,Pb,Cd,抗癌功效元素Se和Ge在所有灵芝样品中并未测得.孢子粉中重金属元素含量相对灵芝原料更低些,灵芝混合物中有添加的功效元素Fe和se,灵芝根部切片样品中的Ca,Cu,Zn含量与其他样品都要高,不同品种的灵芝原料中的微量元素含量存在一定的差异性.     

秦巴山区娑罗子资源微量及重金属元素分析

微波消解系统处理秦巴山区各县区娑罗子样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定娑罗子中Ca、Mn、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mg6种微量元素的含量,石墨炉和氢化物法测定As、Pb和Cd3种重金属元素的含量。采用此方法回收率在97.06%—102.52%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1.76%。在秦巴山区10个采样点的娑罗子中均含有丰富的人体必需微量元素,比较各种元素含量,不同来源的样品存在差异。