无机纳米填料在环氧树脂中的应用及分散

无机纳米材料可提高环氧树脂的韧性、模量、耐热性等性能,在航空、汽车、电子材料、工程陶瓷材料等方面得到应用。纳米材料在环氧树脂中存在着易团聚的问题,有效的分散方法包括物理分散和化学分散,物理分散包括研磨分散、超声分散、高压均质分散等;化学分散包括偶联剂法、表面修饰法、溶胶―凝胶法等。影响化学分散的因素有分散剂的用量、处理剂和溶剂的种类等。     

抗肿瘤中药微量元素硒的研究

与抗肿瘤作用关系密切的中药微量元素主要有Se、Ge、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、I、B、Si、Li等，本文介绍了近年来Se的研究。Se是人体健康必需的超微量元素．与某些地方病、癌的发生关系密切。是同时具备防癌和促免疫两种活性的理想防癌剂。大部分补气、补血、补肾、补阳等中药富含Se等微量元素，具有抗癌等药理作用．特别是人参等12种中药的抗癌作用尤明显。     

功能性可拉伸有机电子器件的研究进展

可拉伸有机电子器件具有高机械稳定性、优异的电学稳定性、低成本和生物兼容性好等优点,是未来电子器件发展的重要方向.功能性可拉伸有机电子器件更是为可穿戴和可植入设备、智能医疗以及软体机器人等新兴高技术领域提供了新的研究思路.本文综述了近年来功能性可拉伸有机电子器件的研究进展,包括场效应、光电、存储以及传感等有机晶体管,发光二极管、交流电致发光、发光电化学电池等有机光电器件,太阳能电池、超级电容器、纳米发电机等有机能源存储与转换器件,压力、应变、触觉、温度、气体等有机传感器,忆阻器、磁存储、仿突触存储等有机存储器,以及其他集成电路系统元件,最后就功能性可拉伸有机电子器件存在的科学问题与未来的发展方向提出了建议.     

分析仪器的应用领域不断拓宽

分析仪器在化学分析(成分、含量、结构检测等)、物理检测(物性参数测量等)以及天文地理观测、工业生产流程监控、产品质量控制等传统领域的应用继续增加。在生物、     

有机炸药检验技术研究进展

对当前法庭科学领域中有机炸药的实验室和现场常用的检验技术如:气相色谱、液相色谱等色谱技术,原位电离质谱、同位素比质谱等质谱技术,气相色谱-质谱、液相色谱-质谱等色谱-质谱联用技术,毛细管电泳技术,离子迁移谱技术,红外光谱、拉曼光谱、太赫兹等光谱技术,荧光、电化学、表面等离子体共振等传感器技术进行了归类和总结,并对有机炸...     

常见植物多酚化合物的介绍

从物质结构、医药功能、提取与合成方法等角度对没食子酸、白藜芦醇、槲皮素和姜黄素等4种常见植物多酚化合物及其衍生物展开介绍。这些植物多酚化合物都具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤等生物活性,可广泛应用于医药、农业、食品添加剂等行业。     

无机—有机辐射接枝共聚物的表征

本文以X-线衍射、裂解色谱、GPC以及XPS等手段,着重研究了用预辐照法合成的氧化镁、二氧化硅、Y型分子筛等无机化合物与甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、丙烯腈等烯类单体的辐射接枝共聚物。     

液膜法提金工艺

液膜技术有选择性好、分离速度快、设备简单等优点，受到各国的高度重视，其应用已由环境保护拓展到湿法冶金、医学解毒、仿生化学等领域［１］．当今的采金、提金工艺还沿用传统的混汞法、氰化法等，造成严重的环境污染．有人提出用离子交换树脂法、硫脲法、萃取法等，但...     

羧基功能化的核壳型Fe_3O_4/Au复合粒子在SPR传感器中的应用

磁纳米粒子具有尺寸小、比表面积大,超顺磁性等优势,现已广泛应用于临床医学、生物标记等领域~([1]).但是,磁纳米粒子也存在着易团聚,表面基团少等缺点.通常采用表面包覆的方式来改善其性能.金是一种较理想的包覆材料,具有易制备、稳定性强、生物相容性好等优点.在Au壳表面修饰巯基丙酸后,DNA、蛋白、细胞等生物分子就可以与复合粒子直接相连.通过外加磁场就可以实现生物分子的分离、富集、固定等复杂操作~([2]).     

小麦蛋白质的流变行为及蛋白质塑料的结构与性能

基于作者在对小麦蛋白质溶液动态流变行为、增塑小麦蛋白质等双轴拉伸流变行为、小麦蛋白质塑料制备与性能等研究的最新结果,阐述了pH、温度等对小麦蛋白质溶液动态流变行为的影响;根据Hybrid模型,考察了醇溶蛋白分子的旋转运动、弯曲运动、高频耗散等对流变行为的贡献;分析了形变速度、蛋白质含量、网络形成时间与增塑蛋白质等双轴拉伸流变行为的关系,阐明了分维蛋白质网络的形成机制;探讨了采用热压方法制备小麦蛋白质塑料的工艺参数、交联、化学改性等对微观形态与宏观性能的影响.     

Growth of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals on polymer particle surface

In the present paper, we describe the preparation of hybrid particles consisting of polymeric core with deposited hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals. Polystyrene submicron particles modified by β-diketone groups have been used as templates for the growth of HAp. Hybrid particles with HAp nanocrystal content between 7 and 50 wt% have been prepared. Microscopy studies indicate that hybrid particles exhibit “raspberry” morphology, and HAp nanoparticles are not homogeneously distributed on the polymer particle surface. The increase in the HAp content on the polymer particle surface reduces the colloidal stability of the hybrid particles because of the vanishing of the surface charge.     

Colloidal micro- and nano-particles as templates for polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules

Colloidal particles play an important role in various areas of material and pharmaceutical sciences, biotechnology, and biomedicine. In this overview we describe micro- and nano-particles used for the preparation of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules and as drug delivery vehicles. An essential feature of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsule preparations is the ability to adsorb polymeric layers onto colloidal particles or templates followed by dissolution of these templates. The choice of the template is determined by various physico-chemical conditions: solvent needed for dissolution, porosity, aggregation tendency, as well as release of materials from capsules. Historically, the first templates were based on melamine formaldehyde, later evolving towards more elaborate materials such as silica and calcium carbonate. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed here in comparison to non-particulate templates such as red blood cells. Further steps in this area include development of anisotropic particles, which themselves can serve as delivery carriers. We provide insights into application of particles as drug delivery carriers in comparison to microcapsules templated on them.     

Preparation and characterization of submicron hybrid magnetic latex particles

Micrometer magnetic hybrid particles are of great interest in biomedical field, and various morphologies have been prepared via encapsulation processes. Regarding submicron, only few processes have been investigated and the most recent one leading to highly magnetic submicron magnetic hybrid particles is based on oil in water magnetic emulsion (MES) transformation. The encapsulation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles forming oil in water MES was investigated using different styrene/cross‐linker divinylbenzene volume ratio in the presence of potassium persulfate initiator. The encapsulation performed in this work is basically conducted by using well‐defined oil in water MES as a seed in radical emulsion polymerization. The chemical composition, morphology, iron oxide content, magnetic properties, electrokinetic properties, particle size, and size distribution of the prepared magnetic hybrid particles were examined using various techniques. The desired perfect magnetic core and polymer shell morphology were successfully obtained, and the final magnetic hybrid particles are superparamagnetic in nature and exhibit high iron oxide content (64 wt %). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Composite Particles: Design of Hybrid Materials on the Nano-Scale

Summary: In the last decade there has been a steady increased interest in the techniques providing design of nano-structured materials. It has been demonstrated that colloidal polymeric particles can be successfully used for the deposition of different functional nano-materials. Due to their numerous attractive properties polymeric particles have been used as templates for the synthesis, storage and transportation of nanostructured materials. This contribution demonstrates the synthetic ways for the preparation of hybrid particles by effective control over the size, morphology and distribution of the non-miscible phases. Developed methods allow design of the composite particles on the nanometer scale and opens new possibilities for the preparation of the materials with advanced properties. The synthesis, characterization and applications of hybrid particles are discussed in detail.     

Mechanism of the growth of monodispersed spherical silica particles to the submicron size

Summary Monodispersed spherical submicron silica particles were obtained by the precipitation of soluble silica on the surface of preliminary obtained smaller particles. Silica was added into the system at low concentrations to prevent both its polymerization in the solution and the formation of new particles. The kinetics of the particle growth is controlled by the diffusion of soluble silica through the double diffusion layer.     

Poly(p‐phenylenediamine)‐coated magnetic particles: Preparation and electrochemical properties

Magnetic particles are of great interest in various biomedical applications, such as, sample preparation, in vitro biomedical diagnosis, and therapy. For biosensing applications, the used functional magnetic particles should answer numerous criteria such as; submicron size in order to avoid rapid sedimentation, high magnetic content for fast separations under applied magnetic field, and finally, good colloidal stability. Therefore, the aim of this work was to prepare submicron magnetic core and conducting polymer shell particles. The polymer shell was induced using p‐phenylenediamine as key monomer. The obtained core–shell particles were characterized in terms of particle size, size distribution, magnetization properties, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, surface morphology, chemical composition, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. The best experimental condition was found using 40 mg of povidone (PVP—stabilizing agent) and 0.16 mmol of p‐phenylenediamine. Using such initial composition, the core‐shell magnetic nanoparticles shown a narrowed size distribution around 290 nm and high magnetic content (above 50%). The obtained amino containing submicron highly magnetic particles were found to be a conducting material and superparamagnetic in nature. These promising conducting magnetic particles can be used for both transport and lab‐on‐a‐chip detection.     

The Taming of the Maleimide: Fabrication of Maleimide‐Containing ‘Clickable’ Polymeric Materials

Functional polymers are widely employed in various areas of biomedical sciences. In order to tailor them for desired applications, facile and efficient functionalization of these polymeric materials under mild and benign conditions is important. Polymers containing reactive maleimide groups can be employed for such applications since they provide an excellent handle for conjugation of thiol‐ and diene‐containing molecules and biomolecules. Until recently, fabrication of maleimide containing polymeric materials has been challenging due to the interference from the highly reactive double bond. A Diels‐Alder/retro Diels‐Alder reaction sequence based strategy to transiently mask the maleimide group provides access to such polymeric materials. In this personal account, we summarize contributions from our group towards the fabrication and functionalization of maleimide‐containing polymeric materials over the past decade.     

葡聚糖双亲性衍生物修饰PLA亚微粒子的制备及其表面多重生物因子功能化

以胆固醇半琥珀酸酰氯对NaIO4氧化的醛化葡聚糖进行疏水改性,制备了醛基化双亲性葡聚糖衍生物Chol-Dex-CHO;利用醛基与己二酰肼酰腙化反应,实现葡聚糖主链的氨基化;生物素经二环已基碳二亚胺活化后与双亲性葡聚糖衍生物主链上的氨基偶联,形成生物素化(3%)双亲性葡聚糖(Chol-Dex-Biotin).将聚乳酸(PLA)与Chol-Dex-Biotin溶液共透析可形成亚微粒子,双亲性多糖可通过疏水基团锚定于PLA亚微粒子表面,透射电子显微镜与原子力显微镜测试观察到清晰的球形核壳结构,激光粒度仪测定亚微粒子粒径与粒径分布表明调节Chol-Dex-Biotin与PLA的配比可以控制亚微粒子的粒径(150~200 nm),X-射线光电子能谱证明亚微粒表面存在Chol-Dex-Biotin.在此基础上,以FITC标记的转铁蛋白(Tf-FITC)和生物素化兔IgG为模型生物功能因子,分别通过共价偶联及生物素-亲合素物理结合两种机理对葡聚糖包覆的PLA纳米微粒表面进行多重生物因子功能化修饰,得到表面Tf和IgG双重修饰的PLA亚微粒子(Tf-PLA-IgG submicron particles).亚微粒子表面Tf和兔IgG的结合分别通过荧光显微镜观测和抗IgG-辣根过氧化氢酶(IgG-HRP)显色反应验证.     

Monodispersed polymer particles with tunable surface structures: Droplet microfluidic-assisted fabrication and biomedical applications

Polymer particles are key materials in various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, cellular immunity, cell capture, biochip, etc. Droplets produced by microfluidics have been widely applied as templates for the fabrication of polymer particles with controllable sizes and narrow size distributions. Compared to smooth polymer particles, those with surface microstructures (e.g., tentacles, bubbles, wrinkles and pits) are more attractive due to their increased surface area and biomimetic structural characteristics. In this review, we summarized representative methods for the preparation of monodispersed polymer particles with various surface microstructures based on droplet microfluidics, as well as their typical bioapplications in drug delivery, cellular immunity and cell capture. Finally, the current challenges and further development in this research area are discussed.     

Synthesis and characterization of saccharide‐based latex particles

The synthesis of new polymer colloids based on renewable resources, such as sugar‐derived monomers, is nowadays a matter of interest. These new polymeric particles should be useful in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, because of their assumed biodegradability. In this work, two new families of polymer latex particles, based on a sugar‐derived monomer, 3‐O‐methacryloyl‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D ‐glucofuranose (3‐MDG), were produced and characterized. The syntheses of poly(3‐MDG) crosslinked particles and those obtained by copolymerization with methacrylic acid (MAA), poly(3‐MDG‐co‐MAA) crosslinked particles, were prepared by surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization in a batch reactor. The average particle diameter evolutions, the effect of pH of the dispersion medium on the final average diameters, together with the microscopic and morphological analysis of the particle's surface and inner dominium, were analyzed. Poly(3‐MDG‐co‐EGDMA) stable particles were obtained by adding low amounts of initiator. The surface‐charge density of these particles corresponded to the sulfate groups coming from the initiator. In the second family of latices, poly(3‐MDG‐co‐MAA‐co‐EGDMA) particles, DCP measurements and SEM and TEM observations showed that the sizes and surface characteristics depended on the amounts of MAA and crosslinker used in the reaction mixture. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 443–457, 2006